• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.201-206
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• 1999

For the mass production of plug seedlings in cultivar ‘Dejima’ potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) the optimal apical cutting diameter for rooting and rapid multiplication of stem cuttings in hydroponics were determined. In addition, the best planting date was predicted to increase tuber yield of plug seedlings at fall cropping in Cheju-Do, Korea. Days to initial rooting decreased as the cutting diameter was reduced. Plant height, leaf number, root length and root weight per plant were favorable as the cutting diameter was small. The ideal cutting diameter was 1-2 mm in this experiment. In the hydroponic cultures, the Japanese standard (JS) nutrient solution was the most effective for multiplication of stem cuttings. It was able to propagate more than 20 times a month from a single mother plant. Viability of plants, which were derived from plug seedlings using stem cuttings, was excellent when transplanted to the field. The number of tubers and tuber yield in both of the plug seedlings and seed potato planting plots were high when planted on 25 August. The number and yield were reduced when planted on 15 August, 5 September and 15 September. The degree of decrease of tuber yield in the plug seedling planting plot however, was lower than that of seed potatoes when the planting date was late. In the case of small tubers (under 30 g), the number of tubers and tuber yield were evidently increased in the seed potato tuber planting plot; the yield of large tuber (over 80g) in the plug seedling planting plot was higher than that of the seed potato. The total tuber yield per plant in the plug seedling planting plot was less than that of the seed potato; therefore, in order to increase tuber yield it was necessary to increase field plant density.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2015

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of rootstock on growth and early yield of stenting-propagated cut roses (Rosa hybrida Hort.) 'Pink Aurora' and 'Yellow King'. The scions, prepared as single-node cuttings, each with a five-leaflet leaf, were grafted onto cuttings of Rosa indica 'Major', Rosa multiflora 'Chille Wonye No. 1', Rosa multiflora 'K-1', or Rosa multiflora 'Burr' as the rootstock. The rootstock cuttings were removed of all leaves and buds before grafting. The base of scion and the top of rootstock were held together and simultaneously cut at a $45^{\circ}$ angle for ease of grafting. Scion-rootstock unions were stuck in rockwool cubes and placed on a misted glasshouse bench for rooting before being transplanted into a rockwool slabs for cultivation. Rooting was the greatest in the 'Pink Aurora' and 'Yellow King' grafted on the rootstock Rosa indica 'Major'. In 'Pink Aurora', stem length, stem diameter, five-leaflet leaves per stem, and stem fresh weight of the harvested cut flowers were not affected by the rootstock. The greatest total yield of 'Pink Aurora' was obtained in plants grafted onto the Rosa indica 'Major' rootstock. Overall growth of 'Yellow King' was the greatest in plants grafted onto Rosa multiflora 'Burr' rootstock, although total yield was not affected by the rootstock. These results suggest that Rosa indica 'Major' is the most effective rootstock not only for rooting, but also for early yield and growth for stenting propagation of these cut roses.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.253-257
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• 2010

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of gamma-radiation on the rooting, growth, and color mutation in poinsettia. Using 10 poinsettia varieties ('Lollipop', 'Little Peace', 'Happy Day', 'Early Bird', 'Pixy Red', 'Happy Time', 'Heidi', 'Red Bell', 'Clara', and 'Scarlet') bred by National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, 100 Gy of gamma ray was irradiated at the stage of callused cuttings. Four weeks after sticking cuttings in the rooting media, 8 cultivars showed 100% of root formation, but 'Early Bird' rooted 24.4% and even died off during the cutting propagation. After planting rooted cuttings, survival rate until flowering time varied among irradiated cultivars. While 'Pixy Red' and 'Heidi' survived about 98%, 'Clara', 'Happy Day', and 'Early Bird' survived lesser than 30%. All irradiated plants showed remarkably shorter plant height, lesser branch numbers than non-irradiated control plants. Thirty color mutants were obtained among 281 plants survived until flowering time. Nine mutants were complete color mutated branches, whereas 21 mutants were partially color mutated bracts and transitional leaves. Color patterns mutated by 100 Gy of gamma ray were divided into pink, hot pink, light red and spotted (pink spots with red main color). Pink mutants were commonly obtained. Complete color mutants were discovered from 4 plants of 'Pixy Red', 2 plants of 'Red Bell' and 3 plants of Lollipop.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.145-155
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• 2015

To investigate the practicality of a small scale softwood propagation plastic film tent and the rooting promoting effect of indole-3-butyric acid(IBA) for northern highbush blueberry, softwood cuttings of 3 varieties (Duke, Elizabeth, Elliot) were made after dipping in the IBA solutions of 100ppm, 300ppm, 500ppm, 1,000ppm for 2 hour, and 3,000ppm for 20 seconds, respectively. Two-way ANOVA confirmed the significant differences in the percentage of rooting of cutting, longest root length and rooting volume index (RVI) induced by IBA treatment, as well as the percentage of rooting of cutting and RVI among examined varieties. In particular, the highly significant difference was observed in th RVI for IBA treatment. However, there was no interactions between the auxin treatments and varieties. Spontaneous rooting ability (control) depends on the varieties, showing that the lowest rooting ability was observed in the 'Duke' (45%) followed by 'Elliot'(85%) and 'Elizabeth' (90%). In addition, the rooting of the examined 3 varieties were enhanced by both of short time (20sec) dipping treatment of low level solutions, and long time (2hr) dipping treatment of high level solution, with the remarkably promoted rooting of the 'Duke' cuttings.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.363-370
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• 2018

The succulent plants of Echeveria genus are in increasing demand worldwide, but it is difficult to supply good quality young plants throughout the year because propagation efficiencies are depend on cultivar and environmental factors. This study was carried out to investigate the propagation efficiencies of leaf cutting in Echeveria cultivars at different LED light qualities in a closed-type plant factory system. Leaf cuttings cut from stock plants of six difficult-to-propagated cultivars 'Afterglow (AG)', 'Berkeley Light (BL)', 'Mason (MS)', 'Subsessilis Light (SL)', 'Cream Tea (CT)', and 'Ben Badis (BB)' were put into cutting media in the plant factory system maintained at a temperature of $24{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity of $60{\pm}10%$, and watered with over-head irrigation twice a week. Cuttings were irradiated with sole or mixed red (R, 660 nm), blue (B, 450 nm), green (G, 530 nm), and far-red (FR, 730 nm) LEDs as follows: R10, R8+B2, R5+B5, R7+B2+FR1, and R7+B2+G1. PPFD just above the cuttings was $200{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ and photoperiod was 16/8 (light/dark) hours. As a result, propagation efficiencies were dependent on cultivar. Rooting and shooting were relatively easy in 'SL' but shoot formation in 'AG' was very difficult. Light qualities from LEDs also affected plant regeneration. Light conditions with a higher ratio of B, R5+B5, R7+B2+FR1, and R7+B2+G1, promoted shoot formation and growth but inhibited rooting and root growth. R10 and R8+B2 with a higher ratio of R promoted rooting and root growth and inhibited shoot formation and growth of cuttings. In addition, the treatment with FR increased leaf size and biomass of the all plants. Therefore, further studies are needed to investigate the optimum compositions of LED light quality for the improvement of leaf cutting efficiency in difficultto-propagated Echeveria cultivars.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.93-97
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• 2002

Aster yellows phytoplasma-infected chrysanthemums showing stunt, rosette, and excessive branching were treated with a foliar spray of 400 mg/I oxytetracycline at three-day interval for 1,2,3 and 4 months. Two months after the final treatment, new shoots from the recovered chrysanthemums showed the recurrence of the disease symptoms. However, cuttings from chrysanthemums treated with oxytetracycline did not express any photoplasma infection symptoms for more than 10 months. Also, chrysanthemums dipped in 100 mg/I oxytetracycline solution combined with a foliar spray of 400 mg/I oxytetracycline for 4 weeks showed the same results. Using an electron microscope, ultrathin sections of leaf midribs of chrysanthemum cuttings treated with oxytetracycline for 4 months did not show phytoplasma bodies 10 months after treatment. Nucleic acids from chrysanthemums, which did not express phytoplasma infection symptoms for more than 10 months, did not amplify 16S rRNA gene of phytoplasma by polymerase chain reaction. These results may have implications in the propagation of phytoplasma-free healthy stocks for a wide range of plant species.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.6
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• pp.676-683
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• 2007

In an attempt to develop an efficient method for the propagation of mature Prunus yedoensis (45 to 55 years old), green wood cuttings from normal branch and sprouts branch were treated with three different kinds of auxin (Rootone < 1-naphthylacetamide 0.4% >, IBA 100 ppm, and control and two different kinds of fog systems (0.9 L/min. and 0.54 L/min.). The Rootone treatment showed higher values in the percentage of rootings (PR) and the mean number of roots per cutting (NR) than the IBA treatment in the early stage. However, in the late stage, the values of PR and NR in the Rootone treatment become lower than those in the IBA 100 ppm treatment. On the other hand, root development ceased 62 days after taking cuttings for all of the treatments. The IBA 100 ppm treatment showed the best performance in root development (PR= 89.5%, NR = 6.5, LR=6.4 cm). The values of PR (76.5%) and NR (6.4) in the 0.9 L/min. of fog treatment was higher than those (PR = 71.7% and NR = 5.4) in the 0.54 L/min. of fog treatment. The cuttings from sprouts (PR: 74.8%, NR: 5.9, LR: 5.7 cm) showed slightly better performance in rooting rate that the cuttings from shoots (PR : 73.3%, NR: 5.9, LR: 5.4 cm). Statistically significant interactions were presented among most of the different combinations of three factors (auxin treatments, fog treatments, and types of cuttings). The PR showed the highest value of 98.0% in the combination of cuttings of shoots+IBA 100 ppm+0.54 L/min. fog treatments. In case of NR, the cuttings from normal branch showed a higher value than the cuttings from sprouts branch under the fog treatment of 0.9 L/min., while this tendency was reversed under the fog treatment of 0.54 L/min.. The perigon development of roots, which reflects the number and the direction of roots, was best in the IBA treatment (85.6%).

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.1
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• pp.115-198
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• 1987

The present studies were undertaken to elucidate the influence of auxins, auxin-like substance-ethychlozate ("Figaron"),and pH and sort of rooting media on rooted propagation of certainornamental woody plant cuttings, and to see possible changes in internal compositions characterizing after root-promoting treatment as the cutting stage proceeded. The experimental check-up srevealed and summarized as seen in the following;I. Effect of three different auxin treatments on rooting cuttings: 1) Promotive influence of auxin varied according to different concentration levels, hours of dipping treatment of the auxins, and kind of plants. The greatest effect was obtained for Forsythia ksreana with NAA and IBA, for Ligustrurn obtusifolium var. variegatum with NAA and ethychlozate, for Hydrangea macrophylla, Magnolia kobus, and Magnolia liliflora with NAA, lBA and ethychlozate also. The most effective level of the promotive agents was found 200mg/l for NAA, 1000mg/l for IBA, and 200mg/l for ethychlozate. For Weigela florida and Gardenia jasminoides, range of the most effective level was shown relatively wide spread. 2) NAA was more effective at its optimal level of the rooting agent than ethychiozate for Weigela florida, Viburnum awabuki, Forsythia koreana, Acer palmatum 'Nomura', Bouga invillea glabra, Elaeagnus umbellata, Prunus tomentosa, Ligustrum obtusifolium, Pyracantha coccinea, Cestrum noctu rnum, Hydrangea macrophylla, Codiaeum variegatum, Rhododen dron lateritium, and Ilex crenata var. macrophylla, and yet ethychlozate was found either as equally as effective or more so than NAA for Zebrina pendula, Hibiscus syriacus, Fatshedera lizei, Schefflera arboricola, Campsis grandiflo ra, Ixora chinensis, Euonymus japonica, and Magnolia liliflora. On the contrary, no the auxin effect was noted with Lagerstroemia indica, Trachelospermum asiaticum, and Syringa vulgaris. This probably indicates that these species are genetically different for the auxin response.II. Effect of different pH and sorts of cutting media on rooting cuttings: 1) Bougainvillea showed best in rooting for the number and dry weight at pH 6.5, more with ethychlozate than NAA, while Ligustrum did at pH 5.0 more with NAA than ethychlozate. pH 4.0 medium resulted in the best rooting for Rhododendron with NAA, more than ethychlozate. 2) Use of cutting medium with peat: perlite: vermiculite = 1:1:1 showed to give the greatest rooting percent and dry weight, apart from considering the number of roots. This apparently meant the fact that cutting medium has more to do with root growth than root differentiation. Rhododendron yet showed results with cutting media that use of peat: perlite = 2:1 mixed is more effective on rooting than using peat alone.III. Effect of auxinic treatments on rooting cuttings and change in some cutting compositions: 1) Under the climatic conditions of July having temperature $26.3\pm$$2.4^{\circ}C$for cutting bed, new roots of Magnolia started to show up generally 20 days after the cutting was made, whereas Cestrum did much earlier than that, namely 14 days after. 2) Although total carbohydrate content of Magnolia cuttings showed no marked change without auxin treatment, it did so with the treatment, especially 30 days after the start of cutting. Cestrum cuttings demonstrated a gradual in crease in total carbohydrate content as rooting took place, and the content became reduced more with auxin than with out, just about when rooting proceeded to 14 days after the start of cutting. 3) Magnolia generally showed an increase in total nitrogen content as rooting proceeded more, and Cestrum showed a decrease in total nitrogen of cuttings. The auxin treatment exhibited no pertinent relation with change in plant nitro gen when rooting is promoted with auxin treatment. 4) An abrupt drop of total sugar and reducing sugar was noticed as Magnolia rooting started, and this reduction was parti cularly outstanding with auxin treatment. Starch content also was decreased in the later stage of cutting with auxin treatment, and was rather increased without auxin. Although sugar content soon increased as cutting started with auxin treatment in the case of Cestrum, it became reduced after rooting took place. 5) Total phenol content increased with rooting, and this was especially true when rooting started. This increase was reversed somehow regardless of auxin treatment. A decrease in phenol of Magnolia was found more striking with auxin than without in the later stage of the cutting period. 6)Avena coleoptile test for auxin-like substances presented the physiologically active factor is more in easy-to-root Magnolia liliflora than hard-to-root Magnolia kobus, and the activity of auxin-like substances was much increased with auxin treatment. The increase in the growth promoting substances was markedly pronounced when rooting just started. The active growth substances decreased in the later stage of cutting, and certain inhibitory substances started appearing. Cestrum also showed physiologically similar growth promoting substances accompanying auxin-like active substances if auxin is treated, and some strong inhibitory substances seemed to appear in the later stage of cutting. 7) Mung-bean-rooting test indicated biologically that endogenous growth substances in Magnolia all promoted mung-bean rooting, and activity of the growth substances apparently stimulated mung-bean rooting with auxin more than without. Here auxin treatment seemed to give a rise to an increased activity of endogenous growth substances in cuttings. This activity was found much greater with either NAA or IBA than ethychlozate, and showed its peak of the activity when rooting first started taking place. Certain inhibitory substances for Avena coleoptile growth strongly promoted mung-bean rooting, and it was also much like in the case of Cestrum.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.163-169
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• 2008

Roots of Ophiorrhiza prostrata D. Don serve as a rich source of camptothecin (CPT), an anticancer drug. Because of the large-scale collection of its roots, the plant has become a threatened species. The present study accomplishes the induction of adventitious roots as a means for the production of CPT as well as for the large-scale propagation of this anticancer drug plant using leaf and internode explants. The biomass yield and CPT content of adventitious roots induced from different explants were compared to roots developed on ex vitro rooted stem cuttings. Adventitious roots were produced on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with $10.74{\mu}M$ ${\alpha}-naphthaleneacetic$ acid and $2.32{\mu}M$ kinetin at mean fresh weights of 0.753, 0.739 and 0.748 g roots from leaf, internode and shoot, respectively. CPT yield from in vitro derived roots after 50, 80 and 120 days of incubation (0.028, 0.06 and 0.1% dry weight, respectively) was not significantly different from those harvested at the same age from ex vitro rooted (0.03, 0.06 and 0.13%, respectively) stem cuttings. CPT from subcultured roots derived from solid (0.08%) medium was lower than from suspension culture medium (0.12%). Subsequent cultures of the adventitious roots showed a stable production of CPT (0.16%). The yield of CPT from 360-day-old plant-derived roots was 0.19%. Elicitation using methyl jasmonate and acetyl salicylic acid exhibited no enhancement in CPT yield. In vitro propagation through direct shoot regeneration was achieved from the adventitious roots upon transfer to MS medium with $8.87{\mu}M$ $N^6-benzyladenine$ (BA) and $2.46{\mu}M$ indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) with a mean of 21.2 shoots per culture in 50 days. The shoots upon subculture on medium having the same level of BA and IBA underwent rapid proliferation. The shoots transferred to field conditions after in vitro rooting exhibited 95% survival. Adventitious root induction, from leaf and internode explants, enables the feasible production of CPT as well as the large-scale rapid propagation of this species which can safeguard it from extinction.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.390-401
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to identify the propagation characteristics of Diabelia spathulata (Siebold & Zucc.) Landrein through seeding and cutting methods. The seed germination rate was meager (0.22~3.56%). In hardwood cutting, the highest rooting rate was 36.1% in sand + perlite (2:1) and 37.8% in 1000 PPM of IBA pre-treatment. Softwood cutting showed the highest rooting rate when the cutting diameter was 3 to 5 mm and the cutting length was 7 to 8 cm. In particular, the highest rooting rate of 80% was observed in the sand among the 8 cultivation media treatments. In the case of root cuttings, the rooting rate was 83.3~96.7% in all cultivation media. The highest rooting rate was observed when the diameter of the cutting was 7 to 8 mm, and the length of the cutting was about 10 to 11 cm. Among cutting methods, root cutting showed the highest rooting rate. Division showed a 100% rooting rate regardless of size or growth status. For Diabelia spathulata (Siebold & Zucc.) Landrein, propagation by cuttings was more efficient than seeding. However, Further research on the morphophysiological dormancy and dormancy break of seeds is needed for seed propagation.