• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.296-302
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• 2004

After the Rio declaration on environment and development in 1992, developed countries are undertaking 'environmentally sustainable transportation (EST)' projects. To meet the needs for EST, current transportation policies in Korea are rapidly reforming and one of its concerns is modernizing and upgrading railway freight system. Planning new railroad construction projects is increasing and subsequent environmental impact assessment (EIA) demands improvements, especially in both the EIA and decision making systems. In this paper, we discuss the present status of EIA for railroad construction projects, especially, by analyzing the EIA documents accumulated for last six years. The EIA for railroad construction projects .accounts for only $4.9\%$ of total project EIAs during 1998-2003. However, the portion is gradually increasing. Major environmental concerns for EIA in railroad construction projects were geomorphological and ecological changes, protection of rare organisms, air pollution, water quality, wast management, noise, etc. We also compared the characteristics of environmental impacts of railroad construction with those of vehicle road construction. The result shows that railroad construction usually requires 3${\~}$4 times longer tunnels and bridges for a given length than vehicle road construction. In addition, the amounts of geomorphological and ecological changes (road-cutting, embankment, devegetation, etc.) in railroad construction were generally less than $40\%$ of those in vehicle road construction. In order to develop environmentally friendly railway systems, monitoring studies for environmental impacts of railroads such as habitat fragmentation and road kills, dispersal of alien plants, tunnelling effects on groundwater and vegetation, and noise impacts are highly required.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제33권3호통권131호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2005

연구는 폐표고목을 제지용 원료로 활용하기 위한 기초자료로 1년부터 5년 동안 재배한 표고골목을 이용하여 목재 성분 조성과 크라프트 펄프화 특성을 평가하였다. 그 결과 화학조성의 경우 변재에서는 재배기간이 증가함에 따라 글루코스와 자일로스의 감소가 크게 나타났으나 심재부에서는 큰 차이가 나타나지 않았으며 정선수율과 리젝트 함량 모두 재배기간이 증가함에 따라 감소하였다. 펄프 특성에서도 재배기간 증가에 따라 섬유장과 폭, 여수도는 감소하였으며 폐표고골목 크라프트 펄프를 국산 폐골판지에 첨가 시 종이의 건조 강도가 향상되었다. 이상의 결과로 폐표고목 크라프트 펄프를 다른 장섬유 펄프와 혼합사용 시 강도 향상과 고해 에너지 감소를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.87-92
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• 1987

보리의 이용성(利用性)을 향상(向上)시키기 위하여 개발(開發)된 할맥(割麥)의 제품수율(製品收率)과 가공소요전력(加工所要電力)에 대하여 검토하였다. 1. 할맥제품(割麥製品)은 도정도(搗精度)가 높아짐으로서 맥쇄율(麥碎率)이 증가되었으며, 혼합품(混合品)을 가공(加工)했을 때는 맥쇄율(麥碎率)은 더욱 증가되었다. 2. 할맥(割麥)의 입장(粒長)/입폭비율(粒幅比率)은 제품수율(製品收率)에 따라 $2.09{\sim}2.13$으로 정맥(精麥)의 1.36보다 컸다. 3. 가공소요전력(加工所要電力)은 할맥(割麥)과 정맥(精麥)의 동일수율(同一收率)에서 할맥(割麥)이 증가되었으나, 할맥(割麥)의 도정수율(搗精收率)을 감소시킴으로서 전력소요량(電力所要量)은 급격히 낮아졌다. 혼합품(混合品) 가공(加工)으로 인한 가공전력(加工電力)의 소요(所要)는 쌀보리1등품(等品) 단독사용시와 차이가 없었다. 4. 1차(次) 도정수율(搗精收率)을 증가시킴으로서 제품(製品)M/T당(當) 생산(生産)에 소요(所要)되는 총가공전력(總加工電力)은 감소되었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.656-664
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• 2017

This paper presents the design and fabrication of a high power piezoelectric ultrasonic surgery unit for multi-purpose dental implantation. A conventional piezoelectric ultrasonic surgery units consists of a transducer and a tip. However, the drawback of this simple structure is that the output performance of the transducer considerably changes with the change of the tips. An ultrasonic surgery unit that has an additional booster between the transducer and the tip can solve this problem to some extent; for this, an optimal structural design for the transducer is required. We used the Bolted Langevin Transducer (BLT) as the basic transducer; it consists of piezoelectric ceramics and a metal body. It's structure was optimized using mathematical methods to determine the length and radius of the tail and head masses. Additionally, the booster was also subjected to the same methods. Using these mathematical methods, optimal results in terms of the resonance frequency (24.96 kHz), displacement ($14.27{\mu}m$), and pressure (2.8 MPa), could be obtained. The validity of this proposed surgery unit was confirmed experimentally, exhibiting a cutting force of around 7% higher than that of a conventional surgery unit.

• 복식
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• 제63권7호
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• pp.31-48
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• 2013

It goes without saying that Yi Mae-Bang, as the sole owner of two of the intangible cultural assets including No. 27 Seungmu in 1987 and No. 97 Salpuri Chum, is a top-notch Korean traditional dancer. Moreover, in regards to traditional clothing, he is also known as the only traditional dancer who directly performs on stage as well as analyzes traditional clothing in order to apply them into his own dance performances by designing and producing them to meet his artistic spirit. In order to examine how Yi Mae-Bang's unique and creative stage clothing was developed, and what kind of process it went through to possess its unique style, which draws the attentions of people with its harmony of beauty and dance, this research first examined the change of the composition through the yearly picture data. Before 1984, the composition of the Salpuri Chum clothes changed by putting on 'Jeogori' on the 'Mudong-Bok' without the 'Kweia' (sleeveless), and in 1999 'Mudong-Bok' became widened with the decoration of embroidered hem making it more attractively colorful. after 2000 it became more splendidly adorned by embroidering hem on widened Mudong-Bok and tucking 'Kweja' in the layers which created silhouette like a dress that is seemingly wider and luxuriant than a skirt. One of notable features of Yi Mae-Bang's Salpuri is that its cloth and cuff ribbons are lightly colored in different colors enclosing the tip part. As for the ribbons, it was also changed as time went by from direct-cutting of the cloth just like the A-line of Mudong-Bok to drawing a diagonal line less than 5cm above the ribbon and 8cm below the ribbon so that it takes the form of getting widened as it gets to the lower part, and its length was also elongated in proportion to that of the bottom of Mudong-Bok.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.881-894
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• 2015

The silver generation have clothing style of optimal daily life comparing than young generation because they do not participate a specific sport event but daily- life exercise. As the human body ages, the figure of the silver generation shows different body shape because upper body changes to curved figure including the belly and waist part. Therefore, clothing characteristics for the silver generation should be considered with proper function, design and textiles to optimize body movement. This study investigated various exercise types according to motion analysis of the silver generation in order to develop the design of the active T-shirts reflecting the structural properties and providing the optimum exercise circumstance. The results to consider design needs are as followed; As the T-shirts design for the flexible exercise which required frequent movement of upper body such as bending and waist twisting during body stretching, a stretch fabric applied to the waist part considering T-shirts allowance and length to make extreme elongation and support for well-fitting appearance of the T-shirts. As the T-shirts design for the instantaneous reactionary exercise, high elastic four-way stretch fabric is applied to the part of arm hole to optimize skeletal and muscle movement for entire body and arm work. As the T-shirts design for the endurance exercise such as climbing, cycling, and walking, the shoulder line of the back part has cutting line allowance to make optimum movement of the upper body but no change of the waist part.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.337-353
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• 2018

In previous weak-axis moment connection tests, brittle fracture always initiated near the edge of the beam flange groove weld due to force flow towards the stiffer column flanges, which is the opposite pattern as strong-axis moment connections. As part of the China NSFC (51278061) study, this paper tested two full-scale novel weak-axis reduced beam section moment connections, including one exterior frame connection specimen SJ-1 under beam end monotonic loading and one interior frame joint specimen SJ-2 under column top cyclic loading. Test results showed that these two specimens were able to satisfy the demands of FEMA-267 (1995) or ANSI/AISC 341-10 (2010) without experiencing brittle fracture. A parametric analysis using the finite element software ABAQUS was carried out to better understand the cyclic performance of the novel weak-axis reduced beam section moment connections, and the influence of the distance between skin plate and reduced beam section, a, the length of the reduced beam section, b, and the cutting depth of the reduced beam section, c, on the cyclic performance was analyzed. It was found that increasing three parametric values reasonably is beneficial to forming beam plastic hinges, and increasing the parameter a is conducive to reducing stress concentration of beam flange groove welds while increasing the parameters b and c can only reduce the peak stress of beam flange groove welds. The rules recommended by FEMA350 (2000) are suitable for designing the proposed weak-axis RBS moment connection, and a proven calculation formulation is given to determine the thickness of skin plate, the key components in the proposed weak-axis connections. Based on the experimental and numerical results, a design procedure for the proposed weak-axis RBS moment connections was developed.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.12-17
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• 1993

This book is named 'The Ryuk-Jab-Rok' because it was written in the last page of 1820's almanac. This book is written purely in Korean and has not been published yet. This book comprises twenty eight items, among which there are eight items of vegetable preserving method, ten items of Jook preparation methods(a kind of cereal soup), nine items of Pyun-Myun methods(a kind of rice cakes and noodles) and Yak-Bab(a kind of spiced rice). In vegetable preserving method, the eggplant, the cucumber and a songi mushroom were preserved with the drying method., A radish, a sorojangii, and the root of white cabbage were used with the cold temperature preservation. A garlic was dried after salting. The sprouts of DooRub, which were coming in the hot room, were used. In the Jook preparations, there were five animal materials which were lamb, chick, crudian, oyster and abalone. In nine Pyun-Myun methods, Jap-Gua-Sil was illegible because the letters were not clear. Among eight items, the stick rice was used in four cases, the regular rice in two cases. The ground pine nuts, honey and the Chinese date were used most ofter. And the sesame salt and the chestnut were next. The analysis of the terms I this book revealed that 26 items were used for cooking processes. And it also showed us that there were seven kind of cutting procedure and eight kinds of heating procedure. The shapes and size of foods were revealed at only three places in all items. The one-chi(chi ; abut three cm) and three-Ja(Ja ; about thirty cm) which the terms represent the length were revealed twice and once respectively in this book. In the taste description, 'the good', the most common word, was used in seven times, and which was the most frequently introduce case. The measuring unit is hard to revive since the measurements were taken by the container, which were Jong-Ja, Sabal and Tang-gii, then in use. Fifteen kinds of containers and cookers were used for preparing foods. And all of them are now I use.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.94-100
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• 2016

A novel optical design for high resolution, large field of view (FOV) and multispectral remote sensing is presented. An f/7.3 Korsch and two f/17.9 Cook three-mirror optical systems are integrated by sharing the primary and secondary mirrors, bias of the FOV, decentering of the apertures and reasonable structure arrangement. The aperture stop of the Korsch system is located on the primary mirror, while those of the Cook systems are on the exit pupils. High resolution image with spectral coverage from visible to near-infrared (NIR) can be acquired through the Korsch system with a focal length of 14 m, while wide-field imaging is accomplished by the two Cook systems whose focal lengths are both 13.24 m. The full FOV is 4°×0.13°, a coverage width of 34.9 km at the altitude of 500 km can then be acquired by push-broom imaging. To facilitate controlling the stray light, the intermediate images and the real exit pupils are spatially available. After optimization, a near diffraction-limited performance and a compact optical package are achieved. The sharing of the on-axis primary and secondary mirrors reduces the cost of fabrication, test, and manufacture effectively. Besides, the two tertiary mirrors of the Cook systems possess the same parameters, further cutting down the cost.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.107-119
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• 2006

인터넷과 웹 기술 발전에 따라 데이터베이스에 축적되는 자료의 양이 급속히 늘어나고 있다. 데이터베이스의 응용 범위가 확대되고 대용량 데이터베이스로부터 유용한 지식을 발견하고자 하는 데이터 마이닝(Data Mining) 기술에 대한 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 기존의 알고리즘들은 대부분 후보 항목 집합들을 줄임과 동시에 데이터베이스의 크기를 줄이는 방법으로 발전해 오고 있다. 그러나 후보 항목집합들을 줄이는 노력이나 데이터베이스의 크기를 줄이는 방법들이 빈발 항목집합들을 생성하는 전 과정에서 필요로 하지는 않는다. 그러한 방법들이 어느 과정에서는 시간을 줄이는데 효과가 있지만 다른 과정에서는 오히려 그러한 방법들을 적용하는데 더 많은 시간이 소요되기 때문이다. 본 논문에서는 트랜잭션들의 길이가 짧거나 데이터베이스를 이루는 항목들의 수가 비교적 적은 트랜잭션 데이터베이스에서 해슁 기법을 사용하여 데이터베이스를 한 번 스캔하고 동시에 각 트랜잭션에서 발생 가능한 모든 부분집합들을 해쉬 테이블에 저장함으로써 최소 지지도에 영향을 받지 않고 기존의 알고리즘보다 더 짧은 시간에 빈발항목집합을 발견할 수 있는 효과적인 연관 규칙 탐사 알고리즘을 제안하고 실험하였다.