• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.38
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• pp.193-211
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• 1998

Without a solid marketing system in placed, the fashion industry cannot flourish on out-standing design or technology alone. Even though the significance of collecting and analyzing information, merchandising, and retail distribution is recognized, these functions are not firmly rooted or prevalent in our industry. In contrast, Italy which possesses similar demographic traits such as the lack of natural resources and other physical factors has succeed-ed in globalizing its fashion market by responding swiftly and exercising flexiblity to its constantly changing consumer demand. This in turn has earned Italy the competitive edge in the global fashion arena. Italy's unique management skills and operation know-how, along with successful market strategies come into play in bringing competitiveness to Italy's fashion market. Firstly, smaller companies with ability to adopt swiftly to the ever changing market. Secondly, fashion friendly social environment. Thirdly, niche marketing through highly specialized system and differentiation. Fourthly, timeless innovation through intense corporate competition. Lastly, establishment of foundations to support the industry through diverse networking. The alone building blocks have formed a basis for erecting an unparalleled market with a reputation for excellence in design and quality in the global fashion world. This study has examined how Italy's fashion industry has evolved from an underdeveloped textile business into a cutting edge fashion in-dustry. Italy's unique business processes and practices were studied to come up with a collection and merchandising ideas in a niche market. By selecting this venue we are able to continuously grow and develop in a market with diverse consumer needs. To analyze the Italian fashion market, data from 3 institutions were utilized, namely, CIT-ER which has provided consumer trends and sales analysis, SITA,a data service provided statistics from the textile and apparel businesses, and NBI has also furnished valuable data. Italian consumer preference, buying behavior, consumer profile, retail channels and other related data from the above institutions has formed a backbone for market segmentation and target markets, and as a result, we were able to zero in on the type of consumer, produce, pricing and retail channels for our womenswear. Going forward the direction is to elevate product image and pretige, and create syn-ergy between related industries, and at the same note, in order to develop internationally recognized brands such as Max Mara and Benetton. Certain elements such as the specialization of the fashion industry, alon-g with fashion-related data base and systems support, and most importantly experts with acute fashion sense and capacity to analyze pertinent data are in need. I firmly believe that we can achieve Italy's level in the fashion market with support from the government and unrelenting effort within the industry itself, and hope that this report can prove to be useful.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.294-302
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• 2019

As a series of fundamental researches on the development of an automatic identification monitoring system for fishing gear. Firstly, the study on the installation method of automated identification buoy for the coastal improvement net fishing net with many loss problems on the west coast was carried out. Secondly, the study was conducted find out how to install an automatic identification buoy for coastal gill net which has the highest loss rate among the fisheries. GPS for fishing was used six times in the coastal waters around Seogwipo city in Jeju Island to determine the developmental status and underwater behavior to conduct a field survey. Next, a questionnaire was administered in parallel on the type of loss and the quantity and location of fishing gear to be developed and the water transmitter. In the field experiment, the data collection was possible from a minimum of 13 hours, ten minutes to a maximum of 20 hours and ten minutes using GPS, identifying the development status and underwater behavior of the coastal gillnet fishing gear. The result of the survey showed that the loss of coastal net fishing gear was in the following order: net (27.3%), full fishing gear (24.2%), buoys, and anchors (18.2%). The causes were active algae (50.0%), fish catches (33.3%) and natural disasters (12.5%). To solve this problem, the installation method is to attach one and two electronic buoys to top of each end of the fishing gear, and one underwater transmitter at both ends of the float line connected to the anchor. By identifying and managing abnormal conditions such as damage or loss of fishing gear due to external factors such as potent algae and cutting of fishing gear, loss of fishing gear can be reduced. If the lost fishing gear is found, it will be efficiently collected.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.48
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• pp.325-359
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• 2017

The works of a literary and cultural historian Franco Moretti are conspicuous in many ways. Trained in Marxism and Russian formalism, he participated in the construction of the New Left in England. Also, he interestingly interpreted the socialization of the individual through the genre of bildungsroman. Then, he shifted his research interest to the notion of world literature, and to explore its global scale, he developed his own quantitative approach combined with advanced computer technology in digital humanities. His recent publication reveals that Moretti conducted a social critique of the European bourgeois culture with his new quantitative method. His macroscopic view of literature and use of cutting-edge technology in his research inspire historians of Korean literature located in the so-called periphery of world literature. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the idea of world literature outlined by Franco Moretti by reviewing his method called "distant reading" and examples of such an approach. His distant reading is to construct a macroscopic archive through inclusion of forgotten works from literary history and to analyze morphological patterns that frequently appear in the archive. His book entitled Graphs, Maps, Trees is a collection of examples of which he applied distant reading. By delving into such cases, I will raise questions about Moretti's macroscopic perspective of world literature in conjunction with Korean literature. As located at the periphery of global circulation of literary knowledge, Korea appropriated Western genres, established its literary institutions, and developed book markets through modern newspapers and magazines. This experience of furthering modern literature through periodicals would provide another view to revisit Moretti's world literature.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.5_2
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• pp.743-754
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• 2023

The global occurrence of myriad natural disasters and incidents, catalyzed by climate change and extreme meteorological conditions, has engendered substantial human and material losses. International organizations such as the International Charter have established an enduring collaborative framework for real-time coordination to provide high-resolution satellite imagery and geospatial information. These resources are instrumental in the management of large-scale disaster scenarios and the expeditious execution of recovery operations. At the national level, the operational deployment of advanced National Earth Observation Satellites, controlled by National Geographic Information Institute, has not only catalyzed the advancement of geospatial data but has also contributed to the provisioning of damage analysis data for significant domestic and international disaster events. This special edition of the National Disaster Management Research Institute delineates the contemporary landscape of major disaster incidents in the year 2023 and elucidates the strategic blueprint of the government's national disaster safety system reform. Additionally, it encapsulates the most recent research accomplishments in the domains of artificial satellite systems, information and communication technology, and spatial information utilization, which are paramount in the institution's disaster situation management and analysis efforts. Furthermore, the publication encompasses the most recent research findings relevant to data collection, processing, and analysis pertaining to disaster cause and damage extent. These findings are especially pertinent to the institute's on-site investigation initiatives and are informed by cutting-edge technologies, including drone-based mapping and LiDAR observation, as evidenced by a case study involving the 2023 landslide damage resulting from concentrated heavy rainfall.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.2262-2275
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• 1971

Fourteenes rervoirs maintained by the local land improvement associations in the province of Chullabuk-Do and 20 reservoir maintained by thos in the province of Chullanam-Do, were surveyed in connection with a correction between storage capacity and sediment deposit. In addition to this survey, 3,347 of small reservoir, that lie scattered around in the above-mentioned two provinces were investigated by using existing two provinces were investigated by using existing records pertaining to storage capacity in the office of City and country, respectively. According to this investigation the following comclusions are derived. 1. A sediment deposition rate is high, being about $10.63m^3/ha$ of drainage area, and resulting in the average decreasc of storage capaity by 27.5%. This high rate of deposition coule be mainly attributed to the serve denudation of forests due to disorderly cuttings of trees. Easpecially, in small reservoir, an original average design storage depth of 197mm in irrigation water depth is decreased to about 140mm. 2. An average unit storage depth of 325.6mm as the time of initial construction is decreased to 226mm at present. This phenomena causes a greater shortage irrigation water, since it was assumed that original storage quantity was already in short. 3. Generally speaking, seepage rates through dam abutment intakepipe, etc, are high due to insufficient maintenance and management of reservoir. 4. It is recommended that sediment deposit should be dredged when a reservoir is dry in drought. 5. Farmers usually waste excessive irrigation water. 6. Water saving methods should be practiced by applying only necessary water for growing stage of rice. 7. In are as where water defficiency for irrigation is severe, a soil moisture content should be kept at about 70% by applying water once in several days. 8. Tube wells should be provided so as to exploit ground water and subsurface current below stream bed as much as possible. 9. If an intake weir was constructed, a water collection well should be built for the use in drought. 10. Water conservation should be forced by converting devastated forests contained in the drainage area of reservoir to protected forests so as to take priority of yrefor estation, gully control, the prohibition of disorderly cutting of trees, etc. 11. Collective rice nurseries should be adopted, and it should be recommended that irrigation water for rice nurseries is supplied by farmer themselves. 12. Sediment desposit in reservoir should be thoroughly dreged so as to secure a original design storage capacity. 13. The structure of overflow weir should be automatic so as to freely control flood level and not to increase dam height.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.26
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• pp.151-185
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• 2007

The main industry of the Chosun dynasty was farming, which was related to the people's lives in every respect. By the end of the Chosun dynasty commerce was a new industry becoming increasingly more beneficial. I study how these two industries were being expressed in the classic Sijo. The classic Sijo is a main literary genre created by the upper-class. Even though industry was very important for sustaining the Chosun dynasty, Confucian scholars and government officials(members of the upper class) didn't actually work in the industries of farming and commerce. But sometimes they returned to their rural hometowns, because they owed large amounts of land which they let the servants farm for themselves. As the main composers of Sijo were these Confucian scholars and government officials, I study a collection of their Sijo which expresses the life of industry. In order to achieve this goal, I analyze several sides of the classic Sijo : for example, its writers(along with their personalities) throughout different periods: the point of view of persona; and the specific life of industry and the way it is expressed in the Sijo. First, I look at the writers of the different periods and their personalities. During the fourteenth century to the seventeenth century, the main writers of Sijo on the life of farming were Confucian scholars and government officials. During the eighteenth century to the nineteenth century, the main writers of Sijo on the life of farming were Confucian scholars, government officials, and also commoner singers-the unnamed writers. Second, I look at the point of view of persona. During the fourteenth century to the seventeenth century, the personas were the country man(one's lord and master) and the farmer, who was of two kinds of people : i.e., those trying to work together and those really working together. During the eighteenth century to the nineteenth century, the personas were the country man, who was satisfied with his rural life as overseer to farming, and two kinds of farmers : those who farmed very hard by themselves, or those who criticized the failed tax system. Third, I discuss the specific life of industry and the way it is expressed in the Sijo. During the fourteenth century to the seventeenth century, the writers of Sijo expressed, in a general way together in one Sijo, different kinds of work for example, plowing a dry field and a rice field, picking wild vegetables, and cutting rice and weed. During the eighteenth century to the nineteenth century, the writer of Sijo expressed different kinds of work in a more specific way, each in its own Sijo : for example, buying and selling, bringing land under cultivation for farming. weaving, digging for water, and heavy taxation. I look at three aspects of Sijo concerning industry, but there still remain several aspects of Sijo to study, such as those concerning worship of the king, and those concerning high officials, the common people, and the being of things.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.157-174
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• 2011

We derived following result by organizing research about processing of medicinal of before Han(漢) dynesty. The human being intake of natural substance for the purpose of treatment was what happened later than the use of natural substance as food. According to the record of by the early years of Shang(商) dynasty, we can assume that we cooked food with water and fire. The reason why there is no appearance of common production that can be included under the name of 'Tang Ye(湯液)' in the medical record discovered from Ma Wang Dui(馬王堆) is because 'Tang Ye' was yet developed. However, as the presentation of format of medicine process, there was gradual formation of medicinal fluid concept. There are quite of records on major details of cloth manufacture like washing and selection, grinding, processing of medicine from the recordings of "Wu Shi Er Bing Fang(五十二病方)", "Yang Sheng Fang(養生方)", "Za Liao Fang(雜療方)" discovered at Ma Wang Dui. It used words like 'Ze(擇)', 'Qu(去)' for the selection and 'Jiu(酒)', 'Zhuo(濯)' for the wash as a process method before cloth manufacture. When filter the processed medicine, it used words like 'Zhuo(捉)', 'Suo(索)', 'Jun(浚)' and used 'Yin Gan(陰乾)', 'Bao(暴)', 'Yang(暘)' for dry. The 'cutting(切削)' that crushes the medicine used different names based on the properties of medicines. The most frequent crush is 'Ye(冶)' and it means the powered medicine after dry. There was thermal process of mild fire(微火) and heating of 'Wen(溫)'. There are many states of medicine seen from the medical record discovered at Ma Wang Dui so they can be said as original medicine. 藥末劑 is relatively commercialized type then. Here, it includes later 湯劑 but there was no name such as 'decoction(湯)' or 'decoction of medical ingredients(湯液)'. Also, 'Fu Ju(㕮咀)' is the transformation of what was 'Fu Qie(父且)' at "Ja Liao Fang" of medical books of Ma Wang Dui with time flow. The original meaning of 'Fu Qie(父且)' is 'Fu Zu(斧俎)' and it means the crushing medicine with axe. The most important thing among the medical books of Han dynasty is "Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing(神農本草經)" and "Shang Han Za Bing Lun(傷寒雜病論)" of Zhang Zhong Jing(張仲景). "Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing" mentioned the dry method of medicine, collection and process production time, cooked and uncooked use of medicine and there are several types of medicine. Other than those, it mentioned 'Seven methods of combining herbs(七情合和)' to address cautions for combining medicines. Therefore, the 'processing of medicinal' in east Han dynasty period entered the theoretical step. However, there is only little recording on cloth manufacture of detailed medicine. From the "Shang Han Za Bing Lun" of Zhang Zhong Jing, the development in the way of 'processing of medicinal' reveled the cloth manufacture for each medicine. This tradition is continued until today and so it presents the development of purpose of 'processing of medicinal' is to greatly present the effect of medicine and to reduce the side-effect.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.29-45
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• 2007

People in the end of life and their families suffer in their physical disease and other aspects as a whole person. They need hospice care to palliate their total suffering in physical, emotional, social and also spiritual aspect through professional hospice team. To care their whole personal needs, hospice team must be a multi-discipline team which consists of medical doctors, nurses, social workers, pastors and volunteers. Recently those who die in hospice palliative care unit have trend to increase more than in home year by year. So it is necessary to develop the nursing intervention program to be performed by multi-discipline team approach for in-patient of hospice palliative care unit. The purposes of this study were to develop of wholistic hospice nursing intervention program for inpatient of hospice palliative care unit. The subjects of study were collected from 30 patients those who were over 18 years old and admitted in hospice palliative care unit of S hospital in P city with agreement in hospice palliative care in their terminal disease. The period of data collection was from December 15, 2003 to March 15, 2004. The result were as follows : 1. The result of Wholistic Hospice Nursing Program's development was as follow : A Wholistic Hospice Nursing Program was developed by me in this study is one of the service program for hospice palliative care unit. It was named as ‘Rainbow Program’ to be approached easily by hospice patients. The purposes of it are to improve the quality of life of the terminal patients with their dignity, to help them live in abundant and meaningful in their lives, to care them in peaceful in dying process with understanding them in whole personal, and also to palliate the grief and suffering of the bereaved. It was provided by hospice professionals(nurses, medical doctors, social worker, pastors, art therapists) and volunteers those who were educated in hospice for multi-diciplinary team approach to collaborate with each role play I 20-30 minuters of each through visiting their rooms individually and a place of hospice palliative care unit of S hospital in P city. The subjects of it were the terminal patients those who admitted hospice palliative care unit and their familes. with agreement in hospice palliative care in their terminal disease. The characteristics of it were multi-disciplinary team approach, whole personal care, individual care and total care according to their needs in their condition. The contents of it were pain control, symptom control, counseling patient, counseling family, hair cutting, hair shampooing, bed bath, recreation, taking a walk, event of culture(screen, recital, festival of praises, exhibition and so on), pastoral counseling, ritual service in bed, praying, service in bed, sing a worship praise, listening to the music, sharing remembrance of life, individual visiting music service(sing and praying), meditation Bible, art therapies(dance and drawing), social worker's counselling, confessing and sharing love and thanksgiving. The experimental group subjects participated in Wholistic Hospice Nursing Program which takes 120 minutes per session, total 10 sessions(total 1,200 minutes) altogether. In conclusion, this Wholistic Hospice Nursing Intervention can be used actively for whole personal well-being of the patients in hospice palliative in hospice palliative care unit and also applied in hospice practice as an useful model of multi-disciplinary team approach by hospice professionals.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.111-124
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• 1974

The radioactive compound sodium $acetate-U-C^{14}\;(C^{14}-acetate)$ was administered to two- and four-year-old July and September American ginseng (Araliaceae, Panax quinquefolium L.) plants and cuttings. The $C^{14}-acetate$ uptake was approximately 99%. The autoradiochromatograms suggest that the saponins isolated by preparative thin-layer chromatography contained impurities, especially those isolated from the leaf and stem extracts. The root and fruit methanol extracts yielded relatively pure saponins. The large amounts of panaquilin B and its proximity to panaquilin C on preparative thin-layer plates resulted in some admixing. The average concentration (% plant dry weight) of semi-purified saponins were high in the leaves (13.8%), as compared to fruits (9.8%), stems (7.9%) and roots (6.3%). The average percentage of $C^{14}-acetate$ incorporation into panaquilins was 4.8%. The average percentage of $C^{14}-acetate$ incorporation into panaquilins B and C was higher (1.40% and 1.13%, respectively) than that into panaquilins C, (d), G-1 and G-2 (0.75%, 0.65%, 0.13% and 0.53%, respectively). Panaquilin synthesis may be depending upon the part, collection period and age of the plant. The average percentage of $C^{14}-acetate$ incorporation into panaquilin B is high in roots (0.58%) and stems (0.48%); that into panaquilins C and (d) high in leaves (0.40% and 0.45%, respectively); and that into panaquilin E high in roots and leaves (0.55% and 0.50%, respectively). Panaquilin G-2 was synthesized in all parts of plants. The panaquilins appear to be biosynthesized more actively in July than September (exception-panaquilin G-1). Panaquilins B, C and G-1 may be biosynthesized more actively in four-year-old plants and panaquilins (d) and E more actively in two-year-old plants. The results from expectance with cuttings suggest that the panaquilins are synthesized de novo in the above-ground parts of ginseng plants, and that panaquilin G-1 may be synthesized de novo in the leaf. It is known from the tissue culture studies that panaquilins are produced by leaf, stem and root callus tissues and cailus-root cultures of American and Korean ginseng plants. Panaquilins may actively be synthesized de novo in most any cell or organ of the ginseng plants. It was verified that $C^{14}-acetate$ was incorporated into the panaxadiol portions of the panaquilins of two-year-old plants (sp. act. 0.56 mmcCi/mg) and four-year-old plants $(sp.\;act.\;0.54\;m{\mu}Ci/mg)$.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.131-140
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the ablation rate of Er: YAG laser irradiation on dentin and enamel and to observe the microscopic structures of cavities formed after ablation of enamel and dentin in using a bur and cavities formed after ablation using laser. Er:YAG laser irradiated at 200 mJ, 250mJ, 300mJ at the frequency of 20Hz, 15Hz. The following results were obtained : 1. The ablation rate of dentin groups at power of 3 W-6 W was about $1.103{\sim}2.639mm^3/sec$ and there were no significant differences between power of 4.5 W$\sim$6 W. 2. The ablation rate of enamel groups at power of 3 W-6 W was about $0.413{\sim}0.969mm^3/sec$ and there were no significant differences between power of 4 W$\sim$6 W. 3. With SEM examination of the cavity surface treated with the conventional high speed bur revealed relatively flat appearance almost covered with a debris like smear layer. 4. With SEM examination of the lased surface of dentin groups revealed no smear layer and no debris and openings of dentinal tubules were clearly opened. But the lased surfaces of the groups over 3 W were irregular and particles were loosely attached on it. 5. With SEM examination of the lased surface of enamel groups revealed severely destructed surface at the 6 W group and melting drop materials at the 3 W group. But the lased surface of 4 W group revealed clearly ablated surface. Therefore when cutting teeth using Er:YAG laser, the lasing power which can make effective ablation rate and minimize the thermal effect could be 3W at dentin and 4W at enamel. But, further studies and additional data collection will be necessary for appropriate lasing condition of Er:YAG laser.