• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.55-57
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• 2007

$CO_2$ laser sees that is most suitable to get this effect through minimum formation damage and advantage that is root enemy of effect that happen in minimum cellular tissue depth of 0.1mm is stable living body organization or internal organs institution. Formation damage by ten can be related in formation's kind or energy density, length of evaporation time. If shorten evaporation time, surroundings cellular thermal damage 200 - because happen within 400ums laser beam in rain focus sacred ground surroundings cellular, tissue without vitiation me by evaporation Poe of very small floor as is clean steam can. Application is possible to vulva cuticle cousins by a paternal aunt quantity, uterine cancer, cuticle tumor by laser system that $CO_2$ laser gets into standard in obstetrics and gynecology application. Because effect that super pulse output is ten enemies of laser if uniformity one pulse durations are short almost is decreased, most of all pulse module special quality of pulse style $CO_2$ laser for obstetrics and gynecology mode stabilization by weight very, in this research to get into short pulse duration and higher frequency density, do switching by high frequency in DC-DC Converter output DC's ripple high frequency to be changed, high frequency done current ripple amount of condenser for output filter greatly reduce can. Ripple of output approximately to Zero realization applying possible inductor realization through a special quality experiment do.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.236-241
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• 2008

Hair manicure is usually and widely operated in the area of hair-dyeing by the reason that acidic hair color is less damaged and more stable than other chemical color treatment. However, there is no an in-depth study to prove them. This study purposes to provide basic resources for effectively using products of hair manicure by experiments on Physical Properties of Hair. Hair of one healthy woman in mid-20's, Level 4, was sampled for experiments. For the tests, hair samples were classified by the frequency of hair manicure treatment The control group(a), once treatment(b), twice(c), three times(d), four times(e) and five times(f). The results were measured with Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM) and Tensile Strength and Elongation test. The lower Values of Tensile Strength according to repeated hair manicure treatment. Elongation is not affected by the frequency of hair manicure treatment. There was no remarkable change of hair surface in once(b) and twice(c) treatment. The change of hair surface which was able to judge by cuticle layers looseness, tunics and the transformation of cuticle cell were observed in the hair samples operating more than three times(d) of hair manicure treatment.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.23-33
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• 2008

The physico-chemical characteristics by bleaching treatments were assessed by several instrumental analyses such as surface morphology, chemical structural change, color change as well as tensile strength. The change of morphological characteristic was observed through scanning electron microscope(SEM). The observation of the fine structure on hair surface by SEM showed the bleached hair had much damaged to hair cuticle, and some of cuticle surface were worn away. To investigate the chemical structural changes in hair keratin, the cross-sections of hair samples were directly analysed using Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy(FT-IRM). The results showed the cysteic acid S=O band intensity was distinctively increased by performing the bleaching treatment. The cleavage of cystine was appeared to proceed primarily through the sulfur-sulfur (-S-S-) fission whereby cysteic acid was formed as a principal oxidation products. The distribution of amide I band in hair keratin was determined by attenuated total reflectance(ATR) FT-IR mapping image. The results showed that the outer side of hair cortex was more damaged than the inner side of the hair cortex. Also, during chemical bleaching of the hair with alkaline peroxide, the hair was turned to reddish yellow due to the oxidative degradation of eumelanin. This means the eumelanin is more unstable than pheomelanin in chemical oxidation. With bleaching, the tensile strength was also reduced as a results of the chemical oxidation.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 1993

Studies were carried out to investigate physiological and biochemical analysis of recessive lethal mutant "nmn" and to observe the cuticle formation and dermal gland. All nmn homozygous larvae continued to eat a few mulberry leaves, and died without entering into molt. In case of artificial hatching, eggs had a higher nmn individual segregation ratio than in hibernating eggs. The percentage of nmn individuals with the hatching days was alike during 3days period. As a result of histological observation, nmn mutants dermal gland was different from normal dermal gland in form and size. Normal was formed new cuticle in the middle of the molting, but not in nmn mutant. Total protein content in haemolymph of the normal larva was more than that of nmn smutant and there was a difference between normal and nmn mutant protein components.omponents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.494-512
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• 2022

Hair toners containing polyphenol or Vitamin B5 were investigated according to their recovering effects on hair damaged by bleaching. Surface morphology, CIE L*a*b* values, and tensile properties of hair were measured. The amount of protein leaking from hair was investigated using the Bradford protein assay. The amino acid composition of hair was examined using the HPLC instrument. Hair became severely damaged after bleaching, showing cuticle structure with surface melt down and rolled up tip, a decrease in tensile strength, an increase in protein leak, and an increase in the proportion of cysteic acid. When bleached hair was treated with the two types of hair toner, positive effects were seen in the recovery of cuticle structure and retention of bleached color, an increase in tensile strength, a decrease in protein leak up to certain days, and an increase in the retention of protein examined by the HPLC analysis of amino acids. Hair treated with B5 toner showed better effects on the increase of tensile strength compared to the hair treated with PP toner. Hair treated with PP toner showed better retention of color, less protein leak, and a lower proportion of cysteic acid compared to the hair treated with B5 toner.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.121-126
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• 1970

The utilization of soybean milk has lasted for past several thousand years, mostly in Orient as a Precious food or as a substitute for cow's milk. There are several hundred varieties in soybean that is called Glycine max Merryl There are three typical varieties, Yellow, Black and Green. However, these are due to pigment in soybean cuticle while their chemical constituents are similar (Table 2). Soybean milk is constituted of protein, fat and carbohydrate of soybean, and these constituents are extracted by hot water. Thus becomes emulsion which is highly digestible and nutritious for human diet. However, it was not found any report on the water extractability comparison between two different varieties Black cuticle soybean which is common in India and Yellow cuticle soybean which is common in Korea. Also there was no report on the comparison on the yield and organoleptic quality derived by varied process. Also several attempts were carried out to improve nutritional value as well as acceptability by use of food additives. A model of continuous soybean milk plant was introduced.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2000

The morphological changes in normal and weathering hair shafts of the human scalp were investigated by using the transmission and scanning electron microscopes. The hair shaft composed of cuticular layer, cortex and medula. The surface of normal hairs are smooth and covered by imbricated cuticular scales. The cuticular layer consists of five to seven cuticle cells. These cells, which are flat and thin, measuring about $100{\mu}m$ long and $0.4{\mu}m$ thick, appears intercellular membrane complex in diameter 25 nm. The cortex composed of melanin granules and cornified cells, which multicomponent concentric microfibrils in diameter about 8 nm give rise to macrofibrils in diameter $0.5{\mu}m$ to $0.8{\mu}m$ encased in limiting membrane. The melanin granules are spherical shaped about $0.5{\mu}m$ in size and scattered between macrofibrils. The medulla in the normal hairs are $16{\mu}m$ in diameter centrally region of cortex. Normal hair shafts undergo progressive degenerative changes due to a variety of environmental insults. In the initial weathering process of hair, the cuticular scales became irregularly raised and broken, and then cuticle cells formed cytoplasmic vacuolation, following dissociated intercellular membrane complex, ultimately entirely lost and nuded cortex. Occasionally, transverse fissures were seen at hair shafts indicating that the hairs were deteriorated. Complete removal of the cuticular layer in the heavily damaged cortex portions appeared splitting of the cortical cell into its macrofibrils and scattering of melanin granules.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2024

Recently, there have been attempts to claim the hair moisturizing effect for a hair care product, however there has not yet been an official evaluation method because heating temperature for hair has not been established. This study was conducted to establish a quantitative evaluation for hair water content. In order to observe the behavior of water inside hair, heat was applied to hair with various temperatures using thermogravimetric dry residue. As the heating temperature increased, the amount of moisture released from the hair increased. As a result of evaluating hair using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), a unique phenomenon in which a rapid endothermic reaction occurs around 75 ℃ was observed. This phenomenon was also observed in different ethnic hair. In hair that damaged the hair cuticle barrier with oxidation and heat, this rapidly rising endothermic reaction temperature occurred at 77 ℃, which was slightly higher, and 73 ℃ was observed when this hair was applied with polar oil, conditioning polymer, or keratin protein. To determine how this reaction affects the hair surface, friction test was performed using an atomic force microscope. When heated above 75 ℃, cuticle friction increased, however when heated above 90 ℃, there was no change in hair cuticle friction. Finally, it was confirmed that around 75 ℃ is the critical temperature at which desorption of water bound to the hair occurs. It is suggested that a heating temperature of 75 ℃ is the optimal temperature for detecting and quantifying the moisture content of hair, and that approximately 10% detected at 75 ℃ can be a standard value for hair moisture content.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Entomolohy Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.147-147
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• 2004

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.1545-1547
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• 2002

A new insecticide, bistrifluron acts as an inhibitor of insect development and interferes with the cuticle formation of insects. Since it shows low acute oral and dermal toxicities, it can be one of potent insecticides. Based on X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling, the structural studies of bistrifluron have been carried out.