• 대한한방소아과학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.99-111
• /
• 2010

Objectives The objectives of this study were to evaluate the correlations between the indices of obesity and percentage body fat by bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA). Also, this study was designed to define the cut off values of percentage body fat by BIA which would represent BMI and degree of obesity in order to detect overweight and obesity in preschool children. Methods The height and weight of 683 children aged four to six years old were measured. Also, percentages of body fat were measured by BIA. Results There were high correlations between the boy's body fat percentages and degree of obesity(r=790). Also, there were high correlations between the girl's body fatpercentages and BMI(r=778). The cut off values of body fat percentage, which would correspond to those of BMI percentiles, were calculated by ROC curve analysis. To classify as an overweight, the correspondent cut off values of body fat percentage were 19.55% in boys and 22.35% in girls. For obesity, the cut off values were 28.80% in boys and 27.60% in girls. The cut off values of body fat percentage, which would correspond to degree of obesity were calculated by ROC curve analysis. To classify as an overweight, the correspondent cut off values of body fat percentage were 19.75% in boys and 22.35% in girls. For obesity, the cut off values were 29.05% in boys and 28.75% in girls. Conclusions According to the BMI criteria by the Korean pediatrics society in 2007, the most appropriate cut off values of body fat percentage in for four to six years old children were follows; for boys, 19.55% considered as overweight, and 28.80% as obese while for girls, 22.35% considered as overweight and 27.60% as obese. According to suggested degree of obesity criteria, the most appropriate cut off values of body fat percentage in for four to six old children were were follows; For boys, 19.75% was considered as overweight, and 29.05% as obesity. For girls, 22.35% was considered as overweight, and 28.75% as obese.

• 한국가정과학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.36-45
• /
• 2001

This study was performed to determine the changes of maternal iron status during pregnancy cross sectionally, and to evaluate the appropriateness of the cut-off points of hemoglobin (Hb). hematocrit (Hct), serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) and sTfR : ferritin ratio for assessing iron deficiency status based on serum ferritin level (< 12${\mu}g$/L). Serum Hb concentrations in the first trimester were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those in the second and third trimester. Serum levels of iron and ferritin in the third trimester were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those in the first and second trimester. On the other hand, sTfR:ferritin ratios in the third trimester were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those in the first and second trimester. sTfR concentrations did not change significantly during pregnancy. The appropriate cut-off points of Hb were 11.5g/dL for whole period of pregnancy. 12.0g/dL for 1st trimester. and 11.5g/dL for both 2nd and 3rd trimester. The good cut-off points of Hct were 34% for whole period of pregnancy. 36% for 1st trimester. and 34% for both 2nd and 3rd trimester The suitable cut-off points of TIBC were 400${\mu}g$/dL for whole period of pregnancy. 360${\mu}g$/dL for 1st trimester, and 400${\mu}g$/dL for both 2nd and 3rd trimester. Any cut-off point of sTfR could not be selected because of its low sensitivity and specificity. The proper cut-off point of sTfR : ferritin ratio was 600 or 650 for all the periods determined except the first trimester. In conclusion, there were no reliable cut-off levels of sTfR and those of sTfR : ferritin ratio showed low specificity. The cut-off values of Hb and Hct for assessing iron deficiency were slightly higher than the values used to evaluate anemia. Thus, if appropriate cut-off levels were applied, Hb. Hct, or TIBC might be useful indices for evaluating iron deficiency as well as anemia.

• 현장농수산연구지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.30-34
• /
• 2022

본 연구는 일조방해에 의한 광환경의 변화가 절화 장미의 생산성과 품질에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 절화용 스탠다드 장미 'Monet' 품종에 인위적으로 차광 처리하여 일조를 방해하고 일조방해 시간에 따른 장미의 절화수량과 생육특성을 조사하였다. 일조방해 시간에 따른 절화 장미 'Monet'의 단위면적(3.3m²)당 절화수량은 무처리구에서 40본인 반면 4시간, 8시간, 12시간 처리구에서는 각각 32본, 29본, 25본으로 일조방해 시간이 증가함에 따라 절화수량이 감소되는 경향을 나타내었다. 절화 장미의 품질과 관련된 절화 특성의 경우에도 무처리구에 비해 12시간 처리구에서 화폭과 화고, 꽃잎의 길이와 폭 등 모든 특성에서 10~20% 정도 감소하였다. 또한 절화 장미의 상품성을 결정하는 화경장과 꽃대 굵기, 절화중 등의 생육특성도 일조방해 시간이 증가됨에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이에 반해 개화소요일수는 24.3일에서 27.7일로 14.0% 증가하는 등 일조방해 시간이 증가됨에 따라 전반적인 생육은 위축되고 개화는 지연되는 특성을 나타내었다. 본 연구의 결과에서 일조방해 시간이 증가함에 따라 꽃의 크기가 감소하고 화경장 및 절화의 생체중 등이 감소한 것은 일조방해로 인해 일평균 광합성광량자속밀도(PPFD)가 감소하고 이에 따라 총광합성량이 감소하면서 장미의 생장과 발달에 필요한 양분을 충분히 공급받지 못했기 때문으로 판단된다.

• 타이어
• /
• 통권26호
• /
• pp.12-16
• /
• 1970

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.498-503
• /
• 2012

엔진 회전속도가 1,500rpm 이상 일 때 차량의 가속 페달을 놓은 경우 인젝터 연료분사가 중지된다. 이것을 연료차단(fuel-cut) 기능이라 부르고, 현대의 대부분의 차량들은 이 기능을 장착하고 있다. 이 기능은 많은 경우 고속도로의 내리막 구간에서 작동된다. 이렇게 연료차단이 발생하는 경우 차량의 $CO_2$ 배출 가스는 '0'이 된다. 서해안 고속도로에서 이 연료 차단 기능을 사용하면 2,000cc 승용차의 $CO_2$ 배출량은 4% 감소한다. 그리고 내리막 구간의 경우 가장 효율적인 운전 패턴을 찾기 위하여 연료차단 기능을 AVL사의 CRUISE 소프트웨어로 시뮬레이션 하였다. 연비향상을 위해서 급격한 내리막 구간일 경우 연료 차단을 위한 차량의 하한 속도를 높게 유지해야 한다는 것을 CRUISE 소프트웨어 시뮬레이션으로 알 수 있었다. 또한 가장 우수한 연비 성능은 내리막 구간 내에서 연료차단과 재가속이 완료되어야 함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제9권12호
• /
• pp.77-85
• /
• 2009

멀티미디어가 일반화됨에 따라 이 콘텐츠 이용을 위한 수많은 소프트웨어가 개발되었다. 다이렉트쇼(Directshow)는 보다 쉽고, 빠르면서, 범용성 있는 멀티미디어 소프트웨어 개발을 위한 미디어 프레임워크(Framework)이다. 다이렉트쇼에서는 필터(Filter)간 연결을 통해 데이터 처리를 할 수 있다. 일반적으로 필터 간 자동연결기법을 이용하여 필터그래프(Filtergraph)를 구성하였다. 그러나 필터 간 자동연결시원하지 않는 필터들이 연결되어 예상치 못한 결과가 출력되거나 필터 핀(Pin)간 연결에 실패할 수 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 원하는 필터들만 연결하기 위하여 불필요한 필터들을 차단하는 방법에 대하여 제안한다. 차단방법에는 필터 내부 차단과 필터 외부 차단이 있으며, 내부 차단은 연결 호환성이 좋고 필터연결시간이 빠르고 외부차단은 필터 소스가 불필요하며 연결의 정확도가 높다. 결론적으로 이들 필터 차단방법의 장점을 조합하여 원하는 필터 간 연결을 구성하고, 오류를 최소화 할 수 있는 다이렉트쇼 기반의 필터차단기법 모델을 제안한다.

• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제45권10호
• /
• pp.73-81
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to increase the ultraviolet-light (UV)-cut ability of cellulose fabrics (cotton, ramie, and rayon) dyed with safflower yellow colorants. For this purpose, samples treated with UV-cut agent and tannic-acid were compared with the untreated samples after UV exposure in terms of K/S value, color changes(${\Delta}E$), SEM, and strength retention. The K/S value rapidly decreased after 28 days exposure, whereas the K/S value of the samples treated with both UV-cut agent and tannic-acid decreased to less than that of the untreated samples. In color changes, $L^*$ increased while $a^*$ and $b^*$ decreased, indicating less red and yellow character in color. This induced a change in the hue, value and chroma values. However the color change(${\Delta}E$) of the samples treated with both UV-cut agent and tannic-acid was less than that of the untreated samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) pictures showed a severe degradation by exposure in all samples. Tensile strength rapidly decreased after 28 days for cotton and rayon, and after 21 days for ramie. However, the strength retention of the samples treated with UV-cut agent and tannic-acid was higher than that of the untreated samples.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제41권3호
• /
• pp.211-219
• /
• 2017

본 연구에서는 전산유체역학 프로그램을 이용하여 순환형공기분급기 내부유동 및 입자거동을 해석하였다. 주날개 및 분급날개의 회전속도 조건을 변화시키며 이에 따른 등급분급효율, 절단입경 및 분급첨예도 변화를 예측하였다. 주날개의 회전속도를 제어함으로써, 절단입경을 증가시킬 수 있었으나, 오염토양 분급에 적용할 수 있을 정도의 정확도를 확보할 수 없었다. 반면, 분급날개의 회전속도를 증가시킴으로써, 절단입경을 감소시킬 수 있었으며, 보다 정확하게 입자를 선별할 수 있었다. 결과적으로 주날개와 분급날개를 동시에 사용할 경우, 높은 분급첨예도 결과를 보이며, 우수한 분급특성을 유지할 수 있었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.14-25
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was investigated to the change of vegetation coverage by elapsed years on the cut slope of forest road in Jinju-si. The results obtained could be summarized as follows; The plant coverage on the cut slope of forest road was decreased hastily in first and second year after seeding. The plant coverage on the cut slope of forest road was increased as growth of seed-sprayed from third year. But the plants were began to competition with between sprayed seeds and invaded plants from third to fifth year after seed-spray. The numbers of invading plants were gradually increased as 581 individuals from sixth year after seed-spray. The cut slopes of the forest roads turned to a good site condition for growing of invasion plants. And also the total coverage on cut slope of forest roads by invading of surrounding plants was increased more. It showed that plant invasion on cut-slopes of forest roads would be mostly influenced by surrounding plants. The number of surrounding plants on the cut-slopes of forest roads was 59 species, and the number of invading plants showed 65 species. The invading species were high in order of Boehmeria tricuspis, Oplismens undulatifolius, Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens, Erechtites hieracifolia and Artemisia princeps var. Orientalis In the stepwise regression analysis, main factors affecting the coverage of vegetation on the cut-slopes of forest road showed in order of elapsed years, gravel contents(30~50%), middle, sandy loam, sandy clay-loam, soil hardness, aspect(NS), concave(凹) type and gravel contents(15~30%).

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.37-49
• /
• 2001

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of application levels of nightsoil sludge compost(NSC) in 3 and 4 cuttings per annum on the dry matter yields and nutritive value of orchardgrass(Dactylis glomerata L.). Annual nightsoil sludge compost(NSC) were applied at levels of 0, 10, 20, 40 and 80 ton $㏊^{respectively}$ . Relative yields of each cut to annual dry matter yield were 29.9%, 46.% and 23.2% for 1st cut, 2nd cut and 3rd cut in 3 cutting system, 23.7%, 29.3%, 34.0% and 13.0% for 1st cut, 2nd cut, 3rd cut and 4th cut in 4 cutting system, respectively. Significantly higher dry matter yield of orchardgrass obtained were 8.11 ton $㏊^{-1}$ at level of 40 ton ㏊$^{-1}$ $yr^{-1}$ in 3 cutting systems, ranges of 7.50~10.71 ton $㏊^{-1}$ at level of 10~80 ton ㏊$^{-1}$ $yr^{-1}$ in 4 cutting systems than those of non application level of NSC, respectively(p〈0.05). The mean efficiency of dry matter production to application of NSC(kg DM/ton NSC) were 46 and 102 kg in 3 and 4 cutting systems, respectively. Although th contents of crude protein(CP, %) of orchardgrass were significantly higher at the application levels of 10~80 ton $㏊^{-1}$ $yr^{-1}$ -1/ by NSC than those of the application levels at the 0 ton $㏊^{-1}$ $yr^{-1}$ in 3 and 4 cutting systems(p〈0.05), the contents of neutral detergent fiber(NDF, %) and acid detergent fiber(ADF, %) were lower in NSC plots than those at the non-application plots of NSC. The contents of total digestible nutrient(TDN, %) and relative feed value(RFV) of orchardgrass were significantly increased with increase the applicaton levels of NSC(p〈0.05).