• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.775-784
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• 1997

A unified theory is presented for the shape analysis of curved surface with a single layer structure composed by frame, membrane or shell. The shapes produced by the theory have no shear stress in elements, and the stress states in the whole shape are as uniform as possible under an ordinary load. The theory starts from defining an element potential function expressed by the measurement of the element length or the element area. Therefore, the shape analysis can produce various forms according to the definition of the potential function, and each of those form or the cable net form with the potential function of the second power of element length is simply gotten by the linear analysis. The form in tensile stress is mechanically equal to an isotropic tension form.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.91-106
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• 2022

This paper has focused on presenting a three dimensional theory of elasticity for free vibration of 3D-graphene foam reinforced polymer matrix composites (GrF-PMC) cylindrical panels resting on two-parameter elastic foundations. The elastic foundation is considered as a Pasternak model with adding a Shear layer to the Winkler model. The porous graphene foams possessing 3D scaffold structures have been introduced into polymers for enhancing the overall stiffness of the composite structure. Also, 3D graphene foams can distribute uniformly or non-uniformly in the shell thickness direction. The effective Young's modulus, mass density and Poisson's ratio are predicted by the rule of mixture. Three complicated equations of motion for the panel under consideration are semi-analytically solved by using 2-D differential quadrature method. The fast rate of convergence and accuracy of the method are investigated through the different solved examples. Because of using two-dimensional generalized differential quadrature method, the present approach makes possible vibration analysis of cylindrical panels with two opposite axial edges simply supported and arbitrary boundary at the curved edges. It is explicated that 3D-GrF skeleton type and weight fraction can significantly affect the vibrational characteristics of GrF-PMC panel resting on two-parameter elastic foundations.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.205-215
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• 2006

본 연구는 3차원 쉘요소를 이용한 유한요소해석을 통해 다이아프램으로 보강된 곡선 강박스거더교의 거동을 분석하였다. 매개변수연구를 통해 기존의 제안식과 비교함으로써 모델링의 타당성을 검증하였고, 뒤틀림 응력에 크게 영향을 미치는 인자는 중심내각, 지간길이, 다이아프램간격임을 확인하였다. 또한, 다이아프램의 간격, 개구율, 형상을 변수로 하여 해석한 결과에서는 지간이 30m, 곡률 반경이 40m인 해석모델에 대한 적정 다이아프램간격은 5m인 것으로 나타났다. 다이아프램의 형상 효과에 대해서는 라멘식 다이아프램의 경우가 개구율 0.4~0.6의 범위에서 개구부가 없는 충복판식 다이아프램보다 휨과 뒤틀림의 응력비가 낮아 거동에 유리한 것으로 나타났으며, 충복판식 다이아프램과 X형 트러스 방식의 다이아프램 비교에서는 동일한 강성을 가지더라도 충복판식 다이아프램이 뒤틀림응력을 보다 효과적으로 제어하였다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.719-730
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• 2007

Timoshenko의 전통적인 보 이론에 근거한 유한 요소의 전단 잠김 현상을 해결하기 위하여 가정 변형도법을 적용한 7자유도 공간 박벽 뼈대요소를 개발하였다. 2개의 노드를 갖는 직선 보요소에서 한 요소내의 변형도가 일정하다고 가정하여 형상함수를 유도하고 이를 바탕으로 가상일의 원리에 따라 강성행렬을 구성하였다. Corotational 기하 비선형 해석법을 이용하여 불평형 하중을 산정하였으며 부재 길이의 비선형 효과를 반영하기 위하여 bowing effect를 정밀하게 고려하였다. 일축 비대칭 단면을 갖는 곡선 외팔보와 이축 비대칭 단면을 갖는 직선 외팔보에 대하여 횡-비틀림 좌굴에 의한 안정 해석과 후좌굴 해석을 수행한 결과 ABAQUS 쉘요소와 좋은 일치를 보여 주었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.179-183
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• 1980

거제${\cdot}$한산만 양식굴 Crassostrea gigas의 에너지 전환 효율을 추정하기 위하여 한 양성 기간인 1979년 7월부터 1980년 4일까지 성장도, 생식 물질 방출량, 패자 형성량, 호흡량, 집단 감모율에 대한 현지 생체 실측 조사를 행하였으며, 연체부의 물질 조성 및 에너지 함량, 패각의 유기 물질 및 생식 물질의 에너지 함량을 각각 측정하고, 호흡량에서 호흡 열량 계수를 사용하여 이화 에너지양을 계산하였다. 이상의 자료에서 동화 에너지양에 대한 연체부 에너지양의 비율로 순 에너지 전환 효율을 계산하고 동화 효율을 측정하여 섭취 에너지양에 대한 연체부 에너지양의 비율로 총 에너지 전환 효율을 계산하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 각고(SH) 및 연체부 건조 중량 (DW)의 반월령(t)에 따른 성장도; $$SH=6.33(1-e^{-0.2421(t+0.54)}),\;(0<\leqq10)$$ $$SH=4.44+0.14t,\;(10{\leqq}t{\leqq}20)$$ $$DW=0.608(1-e^{-0.2421(t+0.54)2.589}),\;(0 $$DW=1.53\times10^{-6}\times(4.44+0.14t)^{7.2},(10{\leqq}t{\leqq}20)$$ 2. 생식물질 방출량(G): $$G=0.0145+(3.95\times10^{-3}{\times}SH^{2.9861}$$ 3. 패각 형성량(SO); $$SO=0.000648{\times}SH^{2.527}$$ 4. 호흡량(R); $$log\;R=(0.0386T-0.5381)+(0.6409-0.0083T){\cdot}log\;DW$$ 5. 연체부 에너지 함량; 3.93(7월)-4.54(4월) Kcal/g, DW(질소 보정에 의한 계산값) 6. 생식 물질의 에너지 함량$(E_G)$: $$E_G,\;Kcal=\frac{1}{4}[0.0149SH^{2.961}+0.0547]$$ 7. 패각 유기물의 에너지 함량$(E_{so})$; $$E_{so},\;Kcal=0.00184SH^{2.527}$$ 8. 호흡 에너지 계수: 3.18(8월)-3.31(4월) cal/mg $O_2$ 9. 집단 총 감모율 : $36\%$ 10. 동화 효율 : $55.5\%(40\~70\%)$ 11. 순 에너지 전환 효율 : $28\%$ 12. 총 에너지 전환효율 : $15.28\%(11\~20\%)$.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.411-437
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a continuum mechanics based 3-D beam finite element with cross-sectional discretization allowing for warping displacements. The beam element is directly derived from the assemblage of 3-D solid elements, and this approach results in inherently advanced modeling capabilities of the beam element. In the beam formulation, warping is fully coupled with bending, shearing, and stretching. Consequently, the proposed beam elements can consider free and constrained warping conditions, eccentricities, curved geometries, varying sections, as well as arbitrary cross-sections (including thin/thick-walled, open/closed, and single/multi-cell cross-sections). We then study the modeling and predictive capabilities of the beam elements in twisting beam problems according to geometries, boundary conditions, and cross-sectional meshes. The results are compared with reference solutions obtained by analytical methods and solid and shell finite element models. Excellent modeling capabilities and solution accuracy of the proposed beam element are observed.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2011

This paper reviews most of the research done in the field of tensile buckling characteristics pertaining to aerospace structural elements with special attention to local buckling and parametric excitation due to periodic loading on plate and shell elements. The concepts of buckling in aerospace structures appear as the result of the application of a global compressive applied load or shear load. A less usual situation is the case, in which a global tensile stress creates buckling instability and the formation of complex spatial buckling pattern. In contrast to the case of a pure compression or shear load, here the applied macroscopic load has no compressive component and is thus globally stabilizing. The instability stems from a local compressive stress induced by the presence of a defect, such as a crack or a hole, due to partial or non-uniform applied load at the far end. This is referred to as tensile buckling. This paper discusses all aspects of tensile buckling, theoretical and experimental. Its far reaching applications causing local instability in aerospace structural components are discussed. The important effects on dynamic stability behaviour under locally induced periodic compression have been identified and influences of various parameters are discussed. Experimental results on simple and combination resonance characteristics on plate structures due to tensile buckling effects are elaborated.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.37-52
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• 2010

Special-shape arch bridge for self-balance (SBSSAB) in Zhongshan City is a kind of new fashioned spatial combined arch bridge composed of inclined steel arch ribs, curved steel box girder and inclined suspenders, and the mechanical behavior of the SBSSAB is particularly complicated. The SBSSAB is aesthetic in appearance, and design of the SBSSAB is artful and particular. In order to roundly investigate the mechanical behavior of the SBSSAB, 3-D finite element models for spatial member and shell were established to analyze the mechanical properties of the SBSSAB using ANSYS. Finite element analyses were conducted under several main loading cases, moreover deformation and strain values for control section of the SBSSAB under several main loading cases were proposed. To ensure the safety and rationality for optimal design of the SBSSAB and also to verify the reliability of its design and calculation theories, the 1/10 scale model tests were carried out. The measured results include the load checking calculation, lane loading and crowd load, and dead load. A good agreement is achieved between the experimental and analytical results. Both experimental and analytical results have shown that the SBSSAB is in the elastic state under the planned test loads, which indicates that the SBSSAB has an adequate load-capacity. The calibrated finite-element model that reflects the as-built conditions can be used as a baseline for health monitoring and future maintenance of the SBSSAB.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.483-495
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• 2009

Feedwater heaters of many nuclear power plants have recently experienced severe wall thinning damange, which will increase as operating time progresses. Several nuclear power plants in Korea have experienced wall thinning damage in the area around the impingement baffle-installed downstream of the high pressure turbine extraction stream line-inside number 5A and 5B feedwater heaters. At that point, the extracted steam from the high pressure turbine is two phase fluid at high temperature, high pressure, and high speed. Since it flows in reverse direction after impinging the impingement baffle, the shell wall of the number 5 high pressure feedwater heater may be affected by flow-accelerated corrosion. This paper describes operation of experience and numerical analysis composed similar condition with real high pressure feedwater heater. This study applied squared, curved and new type impingement baffle plates to feedwater heater same as previous study. In addition, it shows difference of pressure distribution and value between single phase and two phase based on experience and numerical analysis.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제41권8호
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• pp.737-744
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• 2017

최근 Shellular라는 새로운 극저밀도 재료가 소개되었다. Shellular는 주기적 구조를 가지면서도 한장의 부드러운 곡면의 쉘로 구성되어 있다. 최초의 Shellular는 리쏘그래피를 이용하여 제조되며 3주기최소곡면의 일종인 P-곡면과 유사한 형태를 갖는다. 본 연구에서는 와이어 직조에 기반하여 D-곡면과 유사한 Shellular를 제작하는 새로운 방법을 제시한다. 실험과 유한요소해석을 통하여 압축하중 하의 재료물성을 평가하고 종래의 극저밀도 재료와 비교하였다.