• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.1-32
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper is to investigate upon a diversification strategy through market creation of CJ Group, which has contributed in positioning of the firm as one of the leading conglomerates in South Korea. With such objective, the background of CJ Group, followed by its business diversification strategies were explored, with reference to several case studies. The history of CJ Group began with establishment of CheilJedang Industrial Corporation in 1953, as the first domestic sugar producer and exporter of South Korea. The corporation gradually expanded its business ever since at both national and global level, to include the fields of food production, pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and life chemicals. Later, CheilJedang (CJ) Group was established as an affiliate of CheilJedang Industrial Corporation. With such independence, extension of business has been witnessed across the industries of media, entertainment, finance, information technology and distribution. Thus, the current CJ Group pursues to define itself as a progressive global living culture company with four major business categories from food and food service, biotechnology, entertainment and media, and logistics. Despite its success in today's market, CJ Group underwent hardships in its business diversification in 1990s due to indiscreet management, along with the Asian financial crisis. Here, many firms overcame the financial difficulties by taking advantage of the exchange rate for overseas expansion. Though, CJ Group tried to differentiate itself by focusing on the domestic market by creating something out of nothing. Hence, CJ Group takes a unique position among many cases of business diversification and their categorization. In an effort to identify and classify the types of growth experienced by the top 30 companies in South Korea, the firms were categorized into four groups according to their diversification strategies adapted after the Asian financial crisis. Based on the mode and time of entry, corporations were identified either as the 'Explorer', 'Invader', 'Venture Capitalist', or 'Assimilator'. Here, the majority of the firms showed the qualities of Invader, entering mature markets through large-scaled mergers and acquisitions. However, CJ Group was the only firm that was categorized as an Explorer, for its focus on the newly emerging service sector in culture-contents industry. This diversification strategy through market creation is worth examining, due to its contribution in generating simultaneous growth between the market and the company itself. Diverse brands of CJ Group have been referred to as case studies in this regard, from 'Hatban', 'Cine de Chef', 'VIPS' to 'CJ GLS'. These four businesses, each to represent processed food, film, restaurant service, and logistics industries respectively, show CJ Group's effectiveness in creating a whole new category of goods and services that are innovative. In fact, such businesses not only contributed in advancement of consumers' wellbeing, but toward generating additional value and employment. It is true that the diversification strategy of CJ Group requires long-term capital investment with high risk, compared to the other strategies mentioned in the paper. However, this model does create high employment and additional values that are positive to both the society and the firm itself. Therefore, the paper comes to a conclusion that the diversification strategy through market creation conveys the most positive impact relative to the others.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제60권5호
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• pp.375-387
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• 2023

The subsea power cables are increasingly important for harvesting renewable energies as we develop offshore wind farms located at a long distance from shore. Particularly, the continuous flexural motion of inter-array dynamic power cable of floating offshore wind turbine causes tremendous fatigue damages on the cable. As the subsea power cable consists of the helical structures with various components unlike a mooring line and a steel pipe riser, the fatigue analysis of the cables should be performed using special procedures that consider stick/slip phenomenon. This phenomenon occurs between inner helically wound components when they are tensioned or compressed by environmental loads and the floater motions. In particular, Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) can be generated by currents and have significant impacts on the fatigue life of the cable. In this study, the procedure for VIV fatigue analysis of the dynamic power cable has been established. Additionally, the respective roles of programs employed and required inputs and outputs are explained in detail. Demonstrations of case studies are provided under severely sheared currents to investigate the influences on amplitude variations of dynamic power cables caused by the excitation of high mode numbers. Finally, sensitivity studies have been performed to compare dynamic cable design parameters, specifically, structural damping ratio, higher order harmonics, and lift coefficients tables. In the future, one of the fundamental assumptions to assess the VIV response will be examined in detail, namely a narrow-banded Gaussian process derived from the VIV amplitudes. Although this approach is consistent with current industry standards, the level of consistency and the potential errors between the Gaussian process and the fatigue damage generated from deterministic time-domain results are to be confirmed to verify VIV fatigue analysis procedure for slender marine structures.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.509-518
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• 2023

본 논문에서는 아날로그 회로 트리밍과 Calibration 등에 필요한 4Kb Poly-Fuse OTP IP를 설계하였다. NMOS Select 트랜지스터와 Poly-Fuse 링크로 구성된 Poly-Fuse OTP 셀의 BL 저항을 줄이기 위해 BL은 Metal 2와 Metal 3를 stack하였다. 그리고 BL 라우팅 저항을 줄이기 위해 4Kb 셀은 64행 × 32열 Sub-block 셀 어레이 2개로 나뉘었으며, BL 구동회로는 Top과 Bottom으로 나누어진 2Kb Sub-block 셀 어레이의 가운데에 위치하고 있다. 한편 본 논문에서는 1 Select 트랜지스터에 1 Poly-Fuse 링크를 사용하는 OTP 셀에 맞게 코어회로를 제안하였다. 그리고 OTP IP 개발 초기 단계에서 프로그램되지 않은 Poly-Fuse의 저항이 5kΩ까지 나올수 있는 경우까지를 고려한 데이터 센싱 회로를 제안하였다. 또한 Read 모드에서 프로그램되지 않은 Poly-Fuse 링크를 통해 흐르는 전류를 138㎂ 이하로 제한하였다. DB HiTek 90nm CMOS 공정으로 설계된 Poly-Fuse OTP 셀 사이즈는 11.43㎛ × 2.88㎛ (=32.9184㎛2)이고, 4Kb Poly-Fuse OTP IP 사이즈는 432.442㎛ × 524.6㎛ (=0.227mm²)이다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2024

Cognitive reserve (CR) is a concept that can explain the discrepancies between the pathologic burden of the disease and clinical manifestations. It refers to the individual susceptibility to age-related brain changes and pathologies related to Alzheimer's disease, thus recognized as a factor affecting the trajectories of the disease. The purpose of this study was to explore the current states of clinical studies on neural substrates of CR in Alzheimer's disease using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We searched for clinical studies on CR using fMRI in the Pubmed, Cochrane library, RISS, KISS and ScienceON on August 14, 2023. Once the online search was finished, studies were selected manually by the inclusion criteria. Finally, we analyzed the characteristics of selected articles and reviewed the neural substrates of CR. Total thirty-four studies were included in this study. As surrogate markers of CR, not only education and occupational complexity, but also composite score and questionnaire-based method, which cover various areas of life, were mainly used. The most utilized methods in resting-state fMRI were independent component analysis, seed-based analysis, and graph theory analysis. Through the analysis, we demonstrated that neuroimaging techniques could capture the neural substrates associated with cognitive reserve. Moreover, functional connectivity of brain regions centered on prefrontal and parietal cortex and network areas such as default mode network showed a significant correlation with CR, which indicated a significant association with cognitive performance. CR may induce differential effects according to the disease status. We hope that this perspective on cognitive reserve would be helpful when conducting clinical researches on the mechanisms of traditional Korean medicine for Alzheimer's disease in the future.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.101-112
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• 2004

본 연구는 포유류인 $Cl^-$통로의 존재 여부를 확인하기 위하여 수행되었다. $Cl^-$통로는 비흥분성 세포에서 용적변화와 pH 조절, 이온운반계 등에 중요한 역할을 수행하므로 활발한 세포분화가 이루어지는 난자의 생존과 기능에 필수적 $Cl^-$통로 존재 여부를 확인하고자 하였다. 단일통로 전류를 기록하는 patch clamp 기법을 이용하였다. 세포외(pipette) 용액을 140 mM NaCl로 하고 세포내(bath) 용액을 70 mM, 140 mM, 280 mM NaCl로 바꾸어 주었을 때, 역전압($E_{rev}$) 은 $Cl^-$평형전압을 반영하는 -9.8${\pm}$0.5mV, 0mV, 11.5${\pm}$0.2mV로 변화하였다(n=4). 이런 결과는 이론치와 약간의 편차를 보이고 있으므로 이를 보정하기 위항 Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz(GHK) 식을 이용한 결과 $Cl^-$에 대한 $Na^+$의 투과성 ($P_{Na}$/$P_{Cl}$/)은 0.25로 추측할 수 있었다. Inside out patch mode에서 Pipette 용액과 bath 용액에 imperment인 NMDG-Cl로 구성하였을 경우 단일 통로가 기록되었다.(n=22). 막전압이 증가함에 따라 전도도(conductance)가 같이 증가하였으며 전류-전압 관계는 outward rectification을 보였다. 이런 특성을 나타내는 단일통로로 전류는 선택적 $Cl^-$통로 차단제인 IAA-94(indanyloxyacetic acid 94)에 의해 농도 의존적으로 차단되었으며 가역적으로 회복되었다. IAA의 $IC_{50}$은 32.6$\mu\textrm{M}$이었다. DIDS(4,4'-diisothiocyan ostillben-2-2'disulfonic acid)에 의해서는 전류크기가 감소 되는 빠른 억제기전을 나타내는 차단효과를 보였으며 시간경과에 따라 seblevel로 감소되는 subconductance block 이 나타났다. 이상의 결과는 햄스터 난자에서 chloride 통로가 존재하여, 물질이동과 pH 조절기능을 나타내는 외향성 전류-전압관계를 보이는 $Cl^-$ 통로의 성상으로 미루어 볼 때 난자의 pH 조절과 용적조절과 같은 생리적 환경 조성에 관여할 것으로 추정된다.

• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.57-67
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• 1997

가상공간 탐색은 근본적으로 가상카메라의 조작으로 귀결된다. 이때 가상카메라는 자유도 6을 가지고 움직인다. 그러나 우리가 주로 사용하는 마우스나 조이스틱 등의 입력장치는 2D 장치이다. 따라서 입력장치의 운동에 대응되는 카메라의 운동은 어느 한 순간에는 2D운동이다. 그러므로 카메라의 6DOF(degrees of freedom) 운동은 2D 또는 1D 운동들의 결합으로 표현할 수밖에 없다. 많은 가상공간 탐색 브라우저에서는 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 여러 가지 탐색 모드를 사용한다. 그러나 다수의 모드를 설정하는데 사용된 기준이 분명하지 않고 각 모드에서 가능한 조작들이 서로 중복되는 경향이 있을 뿐만 아니라 입력장치의 감각 대응성(kinesthetic correspondence)이 미흡하기 때문에 사용자가 공간을 탐색할 때 상황을 장악하고 있다는 느낌을 가지기 힘들다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 일관적이면서도 포괄적인 단일 탐색 메타포어가 필요한데 본 논문에서는 이를 위해 헬리콥터 조종사 메타포어를 제안한다. 헬리콥터 조종사 메타포어를 이용한다는 것은 조종장치들에 의해 사용자가 공간에서 날고있는 가상 헬리콥터의 조종사가 되어 공간 영상을 탐색 한다는 의미이다. 본 논문에서는 헬리콥터의 6DOF 운동을 직관적으로 조작하기 위해서 이를 6개의 2D 운동공간, 즉, (1) 평면상의 이동, (2) 수직면상의 이동, (3) 현위치중심의 피치, 요회전, (4) 현위치중심의 롤, 피치회전, (5) 좌우상하 선회, (6) 물체중심회전, 으로 분할하고, 각 2D 운동공간을 가시화 시켜 그 공간 자체를 메뉴화 하였다. 이렇게하면 사용자로 하여금 의식적으로 특정 모드를 선택하는 부담없이 단지 필요에 의해 적절한 2D 운동공간을 시각적으로 판단할 수 있도록 해준다. 각 운동공간에서의 헬리콥터 운동은 조이스틱의 2D 조작으로 제어한다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.73-86
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• 2018

Agricultural or rural landscape provides various ecosystem services. However, the ecosystem services function is declining due to various environmental problems such as climate change, land use change, stream intensification, non-point pollution and garbage. The A1B scenario predicts that the mean air temperature of South Korea will rise $3.8^{\circ}C$ degrees celsius in 2100. Agricultural sector is very vulnerable to climate change, so it must be thoroughly predicted and managed. In Korea, the facility horticulture complex is 54,051ha in 2016 and is the 3rd largest in the world(MAFRA, 2014). Facilities of horticultural complexes are reported to cause problems such as groundwater decrease, vegetation and insects diversity reduction, landscapes damage and garbage increase, compared with the existing land use paddy fields. Heat island phenomenon associated with climate change is also accelerated by the high heat absorption of horticultural sites. Therefore, we analyzed the heat island phenomenon occurring in the facility of horticultural complex in Korea. As an improvement measurement, I examined how much air temperature is reduced by putting the channel and the open space. In the case of the Buyeo area, the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation was analyzed for the average summer temperature distribution in the current land use mode at $38.9^{\circ}C$. As an improvement measurement, CFD simulation after 10% of 6m water channel was found to have an effect of lowering the summer temperature of about $2.7^{\circ}C$ compared with the present average of $36.2^{\circ}C$. In addition, CFD simulations after analyzing 10% of the open space were analyzed at $34.7^{\circ}C$, which is $4.2^{\circ}C$ lower than the present. For the Jinju area, CFD simulations were analyzed for the average temperature of summer at $37.8^{\circ}C$ in the present land use pattern. As an improvement measure, CFD simulations after 10% of 6m water channel were found to have an effect of lowering the summer temperature of about $2.6^{\circ}C$ compared to the current average of $35.2^{\circ}C$. In addition, CFD simulations after analyzing 10% of the open space were analyzed at $33.9^{\circ}C$, which is $3.9^{\circ}C$ lower than the present. It can be said that the effect of summer temperature drop in open space and waterway has been proven. The results of this study are expected to be reflected in sustainable agriculture land use and used as basic data for government - level policy in land use planning for climate change.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.459-488
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• 2004

General interest in the out-of-court dispute resolution system are mounting in Korea, and the spread of ADR(alternative dispute resolution) is the worldwide trend. In addition, it was confirmed that the resolution of disputes by ADR such as the decision based on arbitration made by the Prime Ministerial Administrative Decision Committee is no longer in exclusive possession of the civil case. The activation of ADR could lead to the smooth agreement between parties by getting away from the once-for-all mode of decision such as the dismissal of the application or the cancellation of disposal and the like in relation to administrative cases for the years. In consequence, it is anticipated that the administrative litigation that applicants have filed by not responding to the administrative decision would greatly reduce in the future. But, it would be urgent to provide for the legal ground of the ADR system through the revision of related laws to take root in our society because ADR has no legal binding power relating to the administrative case due to the absence of its legal grounds. The fundamental reason for having hesitated to introduce ADR in relation to the administrative case for the years is the protective interest of the third party as well as the public interest that would follow in case the agreement on the dispute resolution between parties brings the dispute to a termination in the domain of the public law. The disputes related to the contract based on the public law and the like that take on a judicial character as the administrative act have been settled within the province of ADR by applying the current laws such as the Civil Arbitration Law, Mediation Law, but their application to the administrative act of the administrative agency that takes on a character of the public law has been hesitated. But as discussed earlier, there are laws and regulations that has the obscure distinction between public and private laws. But there is no significant advantage in relation to the distinction between public and private laws. To supplement and cure these defects it is necessary to include the institutional arrangement for protection of the rights and benefits of the third party, for example the provision of the imposition of the binding power on the result of ADR between parties, in enacting its related law. It can be said that the right reorganization of the out-of-court dispute resolution system in relation to the administrative case corresponds with the ideology of public administration for cooperaton in the Administrative Law. It is high time to discuss within what realm the out-of-court dispute resolution system, alternative dispute resolution system, can be accepted and what binding power is imposed on its result, not whether it is entirely introduced into the administrative case. It is thought that the current Civil Mediation Law or Arbitration Law provides the possibility of applying arbitration or mediation only to the civil case, thereby opening the possibility of arbitration in the field of the intellectual property right law. For instance, the act of the state is not required in establishing the rights related to the secret of business or copyrights. Nevertheless, the disputes arising from or in connection with the intellectual property rights law is seen as the administrative case, and they are excluded from the object of arbitration or mediation, which is thought to be improper. This is not an argument for unconditionally importing ADR into the resolution of administrative cases. Most of the Korean people are aware that the administrative litigation system is of paramount importance as the legal relief for administrative cases. Seeing that there is an independent administrative decision system based on the Administrative Decision Law other than administrative litigation in relation to administrative cases, the first and foremost task is the necessity for the shift in thinking of people, followed by consideration of the plan for relief of the rights through the improvement of the administrative decision system. Then, it is necessary to formulate the plan for the formal introduction and activation of ADR. In this process, energetic efforts should be devoted to introducing diverse forms of ADR procedures such as settlement conference, case evaluation, mini-trial, summary jury trial, early neutral evaluation adopted in the US as the method of dispute resolution other than compromise, conciliation, arbitration and mediation

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.915-936
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 2016년을 기준으로 강화된 터널 방재시설 설치 및 관리지침과, 점차 강화되고 있는 터널 CCTV설치 터널등급 기준과 터널 영상유고감지 시스템의 설치 운용에 대한 요구의 증가 상황을 정리해 보고하였다. 그럼에도, 가동중인 알고리즘 기반의 터널 영상유고감시 시스템의 정상 인지율은 50%가 채 되지 않는 것으로 파악되었으며, 그에 대한 주원인은 터널 내 낮은 조도, 심한 먼지로 인한 영상 선명도 저하, 낮은 CCTV 설치위치로 인한 이동객체의 겹침현상 등으로 파악되었다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 이러한 열악한 조건에서도 영상유고 정상 인지율을 확보할 수 있는 딥러닝 기반 영상유고감지 시스템을 개발하였으며, 이에 대한 이론적 배경 제시와 시스템의 타당성 검토 연구가 진행되었다. 개발 시스템의 타당성 검토 연구는 터널 방재시설 및 관리지침 내 영상유고감지 항목중 정지 및 역주행 차량을 감지하는 주요 정보인 차량 객체 인식과 보행자 감지를 중심으로 진행되었다. 또한, (1) 동일 터널 내에서 학습과 추론이 이루어 지는 경우와 (2) 다양한 터널의 영상 정보를 통합 학습하고, 각 터널의 영상유고감지에 투입되는 경우, 두개의 시나리오를 설정하여 타당성 검토를 진행하였다. 두 시나리오 모두 일정 시간의 학습 자료와 유사한 상황에 대해서는 열악한 터널환경과 무관하게 그 감지성능이 80% 이상으로 우수하나, 추가 학습 없이 학습된 시간 구간과 멀어질수록 그 추론 성능은 상대적으로 낮은 40% 수준으로 떨어짐을 알 수 있었다. 그러나, 시간이 지남에 따라 자동으로 누적되어 확장되는 영상유고 빅데이터를 반복적으로 학습함으로써, 설치된 영상유고감지 시스템의 보완이나 보정절차 없이도 자동으로 그 영상유고감지 성능이 향상될 수 있음을 보였다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.1028-1040
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• 2019

본 연구는 내리막 달리기(downhill running, DR) 후 초음파 영상분석을 이용해 대퇴사두근 무리(quadriceps group, QG) 내 근손상의 국소화 여부를 검증하고, DR 동안 운동 강도가 운동유발성 근손상(exercise-induced muscle damage, EIMD) 및 근육 반향세기 변화에 미치는 영향을 규명하려는 목적으로 수행되었다. 규칙적인 신체활동이 없는 건강한 남성 11명이 무작위 교차설계에 따라 서로 다른 강도[low-intensity DR session($50%HR_{max}$), LDR; high-intensity DR session($70%HR_{max}$), HDR]의 DR 운동을 수행하였다. DR 후 EIMD의 심각성은 혈청크레아틴 키나아제(creatine kinase, CK) 활성 수준 변화와 함께 신경근 기능 지수로서 무릎 신전근의 최대 수의적 등척성 수축(maximal voluntary isometric contraction, MVIC) 및 관절가동범위(range of motion, ROM) 변화를 통해 결정되었다. 회색조 분석을 적용한 근육 반향세기 평가는 DR에 따른 QG 내 국소 근육별(rectus femoris, RF; vastus lateralis, VL; vastus medialis, VM; vastus intermedius, VI) 손상 양상을 탐지하기 위해 활용되었다. 모든 세션에서 혈청 CK 활성 수준과 VL 및 VM의 근통증 정도는 운동 후 24시간째(RF의 경우 각각 LDR 24시간째와 HDR 48시간째) 최대에 이르렀으며, 혈청 CK 수준에서 운동 강도에 따른 유의한 차이(p<.05)가 나타난 반면 근통증에서 세션 간 통계적 차이는 없었다. 무릎 관절을 이용한 MVIC 및 ROM과 같은 신경근 기능 지표 및 VM을 제외한 모든 QG 근육 반향세기는 운동 직후 극적으로 감소 또는 증가 후 72시간까지 점진적 회복 양상을 나타내었다. 그러나 신경근 기능 지표에서 운동 강도에 따른 통계적 차이는 없었으나 RF 및 VL 반향세기에서 세션 내 및 세션 간 유의한 차이(p<.01)를 나타내었다. 본 연구의 결과로 ECC를 함유한 DR 운동 시 운동 강도는 DOMS 및 신경근 기능 지표에 부분적으로 영향을 미칠 가능성이 있으며, 특히 혈청 CK 수준과 함께 RF 및 VL의 근육 반향세기는 운동 강도의 영향을 직접적으로 반영한다는 사실을 알 수 있다. 또한, 현재 연구결과는 DR 동안 ECC를 겪는 QG 내 국소 근육 간 근손상 정도가 다를 수 있으며 초음파 근육 반향세기가 국소 근육의 EIMD 심각성을 차별화할 수 있는 유용한 평가기법임을 뒷받침하고 있다.