• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.162-171
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to examined whether high voltage pulsed current stimulation(HVPCS) enhances the migration and proliferation of fibroblasts from tendon biopsies to provides evidence that the cellular activities of fibroblast are enhanced by HVPCS. Flexor digitorum profundus tendon of chickens were excised, biopsied and cultured in M199 medium for a day. The biopsies through which a cathodal HVPC with 100 pps, 50 V for 30 minutes was passed in medium. A day after treatment, the biopsies embedded in fibrin clot were covered by the addition of 1ml of M199 medium to the well, and placed in the $CO_2$ incubator for the duration of the experiment. The migration distance of cells from tendon biopsies were measured at 6 days after treatment, and proliferation of cells from tendon biopsies were measured at 7 days after treatment. The migration distance of cells from tendon biopsies in the HVPCS group demonstrated significantly greater than the shame treated control group (t=-2.675, p<0.05). Also HVPCS had significantly increased optical density of fibroblasts from tendon biopsies (t=-2.136, p<0.05). These results indicate that the HVPCS with 100pps, 50V for 30minutes enhanced either the migration and proliferation of fibroblast from tendon biopsies. These results supposed that the HVPCS activates cellular responses in fibroblasts from tendon biopsies. This suggests that enhanced the migration and proliferation of fibroblast by HVPCS may be one of the mechanism involved in tendon healing.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.29-37
• /
• 1994

Inhibition of the nociceptive Tail Flick Reflex (TFR) was observed with electrical stimulation of the locus coeruleus/subcoeruleus (LC/SC) in the male Sprague - Dawley rats under light anesthesia, and the involved neurotransmitter (s) were characterized. Electrical stimulation of LC/SC induced the analgesia with the stimulation threshold (intensity of the current, given for 100 usec and in 100 Hz frequency, which caused the TF latency longer than 6.5 sec) around 55 uA. Intrathecal administrations of ${\alpha}_2$ antagonist, yohimbine (30 ug) or opioid antagonist, naloxone (20 ug) increased the stimulation threshold by 147% and 123% respectively (from 55 uA to 135 uA,9 and from 54 uA to 123 uA;P0.01, n=5, each). The basal TF latency without stimulation (3.1 sec) was reduced by the antagonists (to 2.5 sec by yohimbine, p<0.05, n=5; to 2.6 sec by naloxone, p<0.1, n=5), vehicle only did not show any effect. Noradrenaline(NA) in the spinal cord superfusates measured with HPLC was increased by the LC/SC stimulation, from 4.18 ng/ml before to 7.74 ng/ml after stimulation (P<0.05, n=10). The result suggest that analgesia induced by LC/SC stimulation is mediated, at least in part, by the noradrenergic system in which ${\alpha}_2$ receptor is involved, as well as the opioid system.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.106-114
• /
• 2010

Objective: The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the effects of direct electrical current stimulation (DECS) on bone regeneration in response to an expansion of the inter-premaxillary suture in the rat. Methods: Sixteen 50 - 60 days old Wistar male rats were separated into two equal groups (control and experimental). Both groups were subjected to expansion, and 30-gram of force was applied to the maxillary incisors with helical-spring. In the experimental group, two metallic-screws were placed at lateral parts of the maxillary segments. Electrodes were connected to the screws. The device was activated with current adjustment to measure $10{\mu}A$ continuously and the current was monitored daily during the expansion and early-retention phase. Bone regeneration in the sutural area was histomorphometrically evaluated including new-bone area (${\mu}m^2$), bone perimeter (${\mu}m$), feret's diameter (${\mu}m$) and newly formed bone (%) parameters. Kruskal-Wallis rank and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical evaluation at p < 0.05 level. Results: Statistical analysis showed significant differences between groups for all investigated histomorphometric parameters. New bone area (p = 0.002), bone perimeter (p = 0.004), feret's diameter (p = 0.002) and newly formed bone percentage (p = 0.002) measurements were significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group. Bone histomorphometric measurements revealed that bone architecture in the DECS group was improved. Conclusions: The application of DECS to an orthopedically expanded inter-premaxillary suture area during the early retention phase stimulated the formation of new bone.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.251-256
• /
• 1993

The conduction velocity of the nerve is of importance to the diagnosis of various negromuscular disorders. A major technical problem encountered in nerve stimulation technique is the control of stimulus artifact and the convenience of nerve stimulator. The remained artifacts must be removed by processing the contaminated signal. This paper discusses about the artifact cancellation algorithms in constant voltage type nerve stimulator(CVS) and constant current type nerve stimulator(CCS).

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.147-159
• /
• 2019

Lumbar foraminal pathology causing entrapment of neurovascular contents and radicular symptoms are commonly associated with foraminal stenosis. Foraminal neuropathy can also be derived from inflammation of the neighboring lateral recess or extraforaminal spaces. Conservative and interventional therapies have been used for the treatment of foraminal inflammation, fibrotic adhesion, and pain. This update reviews the anatomy, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and current treatment options of foraminal neuropathy.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.185-192
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of iontophoresis on transdermal delivery of procaine hydrochloride in healthy volunteers, as well as to the synergic effect of high voltage current or ultrasound on the efficacy of transdermal delivery of iontophoresis. Forty healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to four groups topical application group (TA), iontophoresis group (IT), pre-treatment of high voltage current stimulation with iontophoresis (HVS + IT), and pre-treatment of ultrasound application with iontophoresis (US + IT). All subjects received procaine iontophoresis on the forearm using direct current with 4 mA f3r 15 minutes. All subject was measured the duration of local anesthesia, pressure pain threshold, pain perception threshold using rectangular wave at 0.2 ms, 1 ms, 50 ms of rectangular current stimulation after procaine iontophoresis. For comparisons of the sensory characteristics and efficacy of iontophoresis between the groups, an one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis were used. The significant difference the duration of local anesthesia were found between the groups (p<0.001). The local anesthetic duration of IT, HVS+IT were significantly longer than TA. Meanwhile, the local anesthetic duration of US+IT was significantly longer than HVS+IT, IT and TA group (p<0.05). Also, the pressure pain threshold, pain perception threshold at 0.2 ms, 1 ms, 50 ms were significant difference between the groups (p<0.001). All sensory characteristics including pressure pain threshold, pain perception threshold of IT, HVS+IT was significantly increased than TA, whereas, US+1T was significantly increased HVS+1T, IT and TA (p<0.05). This study showed that the procaine iontophoresis have increase the duration of local anesthesia concomitantly pressure pain threshold and pain perception threshold of sensory nerve fibers such as $A-{\beta}$, $A-{\delta}$ and C fiber. This findings suggest that the iontophoresis enhanced the transdermal delivery of drug ions in vivo. The combination of ultrasound application and iontophoresis synergized the transdermal delivery of drug ions. It is suggests that an electric field, mechanical and heating property of ultrasound may contribute to synergic effect due to temporary changes of structure in the stratum corneum.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.12 no.7
• /
• pp.365-370
• /
• 2014

The present study was aimed to comprehend the effect of the Russian current stimulation on the muscular performance and activity of quadriceps femoris muscle of the convalescent patient after the leg fracture.This study conducted test based on 20 patients after leg fracture. Russian current was applied for six weeks as three times in a week, between January 9, 2013 and 15 March 16, 2013. The electromyogram was used to measure the muscle activity of the quadriceps femoris, and the isokinetic equipment was used to measure the muscular performance. The muscular performance difference by duration depending on the application of the Russian current showed the significant increase in all muscular performances. The activity of all muscles of the quadriceps femoris muscle by duration showed significant increase. These results showed that the Russian current can be the effective treatment method for enhancing the muscular strength of the weakened lower limbs muscle due to the problem such as the leg fracture.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.99-107
• /
• 2020

Chronic severe pain results in a detrimental effect on the patient's quality of life. Such patients have to take a large number of medications, including opioids, often without satisfactory effect, sometimes leading to medication abuse and the pain worsening. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is one of the most effective technologies that, unlike other interventional pain treatment methods, achieves long-term results in patients suffering from chronic neuropathic pain. The first described mode of SCS was a conventional tonic stimulation, but now the novel modalities (high-frequency and burst), techniques (dorsal root ganglia stimulations), and technical development (wireless and implantable pulse generator-free systems) of SCS are becoming more popular. The improvement of SCS systems, their miniaturization, and the appearance of new mechanisms for anchoring electrodes results in a significant reduction in the rate of complications and revision surgeries, and the appearance of new waves of stimulation allows not only to avoid the phenomenon of addiction, but also to improve the long-term results of chronic SCS. The purpose of this review is to describe the current condition of SCS and up-to-date technical advances.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.48 no.6
• /
• pp.921-932
• /
• 2006

Management to improve beef tenderness is always been a historical idea, but during the recent past it has become an issue of prime importance to the meat scientists and the industries as well. Variation in tenderness is the prime explanation for consumer’s dissatisfaction for the concern meat. It has been well documented that both postmortem proteolysis and sarcomere length have significant effect on meat tenderness and its consistency. Electrical stimulation and tenderstretch techniques have been used by a number of countries to underpin carcass quality assurance schemes focused on eating quality. The mechanism(s) by which the postmortem interventions improve tenderness (or prevent toughness) has not been fully elucidated. However, it is evident that electrical stimulation accelerates the development of rigor mortis so that prevention of cold shortening is possible and ageing commences at higher temperatures. On the other hand, tendersretch appears to prevent meat toughness via placing tension of the myofibrils and connective matrix during rigor development. Previous findings indicated that electrical stimulation and tenderstretch improved beef tenderness even for fattened cattle under moderate chilling conditions. Recent studies demonstrate beef tenderness to be one of the most important factors determining satisfaction levels of Korean beef consumers. There are number of studies which reported that electrical stimulation and tenderstretch techniques improved Hanwoo tenderness and color. It is believed that the techniques are mostly useful wherein controls of carcass size, fatness and/or chilling regimes are not easy such as Korean beef industry. However, Korean beef industry is one such area where postmortem intervention techniques have not been adopted so far. Taking into consideration of the Korean beef industry, wherein carcass size and fatness varies the post-slaughter intervention technique could be the most feasible measurement to ensure eating quality. The manuscript attempts to highlight the current knowledge aiming primarily towards the assurance of beef tenderness.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.203-215
• /
• 1984

This experiment was performed to explore the effect of electric currents and orthodontic forces on bone $PGE_2$ content and orthodontic tooth movement on cats. Stainless steel electrodes were connected a power pack consisting of five miniature batteries, a transistor, and a resistor. The current $(10{\pm}2{\mu}A)$ was provided by a constant source encased in a palatal acrylic plate. In first experiment, the cathode was placed mesial to the right maxillary canine tooth and the anode was positioned distal to the tooth, Sham electrodes were placed new the left cuspid, to serve as control. Nine cats were divided into three groups evenly. Groups of three animals were treated with electric currents only-for 1, 3 and 7 days, respectively. In second experiment, electric currents and the orthodontic forces of about 80 gm were applied to the right maxillary canine, and the orthodontic forces only were applied to the left maxillary canine. 3 groups of three cats each were treated in this experiment-for 1, 3 and 7 days, respectively. Alveolar bone samples were obtained from sites of tension and compression as well as from contralateral sites. Bone samples were extracted by homogenization in $40\%$ ethanal. The supernatant partitioned twice with 2 volumes of petroleum ether to remove neutral lipids and the aqueous supernatant partitioned in ethyl acetate. After drying the solvent, $PGE_2$ was measured by radioimmunoassay technique. The obtained results were as follows. 1. Teeth treated with combined force and electricity moved faster than those treated with force alone. 2. Alveolar bone $PGE_2$ content of electric stimulation was increased at both electrodes. 3. Alveolar bone $PGE_2$ content of mechanical stimulation at compression sites was gradually increased at all time period. At tension site, $PGE_2$ content increased after 1 day of mechanical stimulation remained elevated at all time period. 4. Alveolar bone $PGE_2$ content of compression sites was increased more than that of tension sites from mechanical stimulation as well as electrical stimulation.