• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.1392-1397
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• 2016

Curcumin is a polyphenol derived from the plant Curcuma longa, which is used for the treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. The present study was undertaken to determine the protective effect of curcumin against naproxen-induced gastric antral ulcerations in rats. Different doses (10, 50, and 100 mg/kg) of curcumin or vehicle (curcumin, 0 mg/kg) were pretreated for 3 days by oral gavage, and then gastric mucosal lesions were caused by 80 mg/kg naproxen applied for 3 days. Curcumin significantly inhibited the naproxen-induced gastric antral ulcer area and lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, curcumin markedly increased activities of radical scavenging enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in a dose-dependent manner. Specifically, 100 mg/kg curcumin completely protected the gastric mucosa against the loss in the enzyme, resulting in a drastic increase of activities of radical scavenging enzymes up to more than the level of untreated normal rats. Histological examination obviously showed that curcumin prevents naproxen-induced gastric antral ulceration as a result of direct protection of the gastric mucosa. These results suggest that curcumin blocks naproxen-induced gastric antral ulcerations through prevention of lipid peroxidation and activation of radical scavenging enzymes, and it may offer a potential remedy of gastric antral ulcerations.

• Plant Resources
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-45
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• 2000

To date many kinds of compounds have been obtained from plants kingdom as antineoplastic and anti-cancerous agents. However, there is no special type of compounds for cancer therapy. Various types of substances are effective for various types of cancers and tumors: for instance, alkaloids. lignans, terpenes and steroids etc. Curcumol obtained from Curcuma aromatica was tested and noticed to be effective against cancer of the uterine cervix clinically. Oridonin isolated from Rabdosia ssp. is now investigate for clinical trials in China. Moreover camptothecine isolated from Camptotheca acuminata is also antineoplastic alkaloid, but is very toxic. Chemical modification has been tried to decrease its toxicity This compound is now using as clinical agent. Harringtonin was investigated as an anticancerous drug in China. Taxol, a compound with a taxane ring isolated from the bark of Taxus brevifotia. has been demonstrated to have substantial anticancer activity in patients with solid tumors refractory standard chemotherapy. Supply of this drug has severely limited full exploration of its antineoplastic potential Some efforts are continued in National Cancer Institute(NCI) Washington for surveying various Taxus species for optimal taxol content, improvement in semi-synthesis from baccatin 111, improvement in method of extraction, and development of alternative renewable resources. Further, there are many compounds which have been reported as antineoplastic agents. On the other hand, we have screened on higher plants collected In Japan, China, Korea. Southeast Asia and South America for antineoplastic activity, which has been done using Sarcoma 180 ascites in mice, P388 Iymphocytic leukemia In mice, Chinese hamster lung V-79 cells, P388 cells and nasopharynx carcinoma(KB) cells in our laboratory, as primary screening. In this meeting, 1 will present on antitumor and cytotoxic substances of the higher plants(Rubis cordifolia, Ailanthus vilmoriniana, Aster tataricus, Taxus cuspidata var. nana, Cephalotaxus harringtonia var. drupacea, etc.) selected from above screening tests.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.683-692
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• 2004

Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is a major naturally-occurring polyphenol of Curcuma species, which is commonly used as a yellow coloring and flavoring agent in foods. Curcumin has shown anti-carcinogenic activity in animal models. Curcumin possesses anti-inflammatory activity and is a potent inhibitor of reactive oxygen-generating enzymes such as lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase, xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase; and an effective inducer of heme oxygenase-1. Curcumin is also a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C(PKC), EGF(Epidermal growth factor)-receptor tyrosine kinase and LĸB kinase. Subsequently, curcumin inhibits the activation of NF(nucleor factor)KB and the expressions of oncogenes including c-jun, c-fos, c-myc, NIK, MAPKs, ERK, ELK, PI3K, Akt, CDKs and iNOS. It is proposed that curcumin may suppress tumor promotion through blocking signal transduction path-ways in the target cells. The oxidant tumor promoter TPA activates PKC by reacting with zinc thiolates present within the regulatory domain, while the oxidized form of cancer chemopreventive agent such as curcumin can inactivate PKC by oxidizing the vicinal thiols present within the catalytic domain. Recent studies indicated that proteasome-mediated degradation of cell proteins playa pivotal role in the regulation of several basic cellular processes including differentiation, proliferation, cell cycling, and apoptosis. It has been demonstrated that curcumin-induced apoptosis is mediated through the impairment of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Curcumin was first biotransformed to dihydrocurcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin and that these compounds subsequently were converted to monoglucuronide conjugates. These results suggest that curcumin-glucuronide, dihydrocurcumin-glucuronide, tetrahydrocurcumin-glucuronide and tetrahydrocurcumin are the major metabolites of curcumin in mice, rats and humans.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.463-469
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• 2021

Bioactivities of curcumin, a major pigment of Curcuma longa L., have been widely investigated. In this study, the antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of curcumin and its analogs including ferulic acid, dibenzoylmethane (DBM), and tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), and their structure-activity relationships were assessed. Ferulic acid, THC, and curcumin showed strong scavenging activities against several radicals and exhibited considerable lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity. Curcumin showed the strongest cytotoxic activities against HeLa, HCT-116, IEC-6 and INT 407 cells, whereas ferulic acid did not show any cytotoxic effect up to 100 µM against these cell lines. Cytotoxicity of curcumin and THC was significantly enhanced by superoxide dismutase and diminished by N-acetylcysteine. The combination treatment of curcumin and ferulic acid enhanced the cytotoxicity, whereas the combination of curcumin and DBM offset their toxicity. These results suggest that methoxy phenolic and β-diketon moieties are crucial for the antioxidant- and cytototoxic activities of curcumin, respectively.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.575-592
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• 2021

In livestock nutrition, natural feed additives are gaining increased attention as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters to improve animal performance. This study investigated the effects of dietary turmeric supplementation on the growth performance and gut health of weaned piglets. A total of 48 weaned piglets (Duroc × [Landrace × Yorkshire]) were used in a 6-week feeding trial. All piglets were allotted to two dietary treatments: corn-soybean meal basal diet without turmeric (control) and with 1% weight per weight (w/w) turmeric powder (turmeric). The results showed that dietary inclusion of turmeric with the basal diet improved final body weight and total average daily gain (p < 0.05). The concentrations of short-chain fatty acids in the fecal samples, including acetic, butyric, and propionic acids, were higher in the turmeric group (p < 0.05). The villus height-to-crypt depth ratio was higher in the ileum of turmeric-fed piglets (p = 0.04). The 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal microbiota indicated that, at the phylum level, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the most predominant taxa in all fecal samples. Bacteroidetes were significantly decreased in the turmeric group compared to the control group (p = 0.021). At the genus level, turmeric showed a decreased abundance of Prevotella (p = 0.021) and an increasing trend of Lactobacillus (p = 0.083). Among the total detected species, nine bacterial species showed significant differences between the two groups. The results of this study indicated that turmeric altered the gut microbiota and shortchain fatty acid production. This suggests that turmeric could be used as a potential alternative growth promoter for piglets.

• Journal of the FoodService Safety
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2021

Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of the three different calorie types of HMR curry rice using fermented turmeric were analyzed in this study. The general tumeric added sample groups showed significantly higher carbohydrate content than the fermented turmeric sample group. In all sample groups, the ratio of protein, fat, and carbohydrate was found to be appropriate according to the nutritional composition ratio as one meal recommended by the Ministry of Health and Welfare. The brightness L value of the general turmeric-added sample group was measured to be significantly brighter than the fermented turmeric-added sample group. The fermented turmeric sample group showed a slightly lower pH value than the general sample group due to organic acids generated during fermentation. As a result of analyzing the radical scavenging activity of ABTS, LFTC, MFTC, and HFTC of the fermented turmeric group were 40.20, 40.46, and 36.16%, respectively, compared to those 32.41, 37.75, and 36.16% of LNTC, MNTC and FNTC of the general sample groups, respectively, consistently indicating that more free radicals were generated in the fermented sample group (p<0.01). Relatively unstable to heat and acid, DPPH scavenged radicals showed similar results to those of ABTS radical scavenging activity in terms of activity. Similar results were also shown in the measurement of total flavonoid and phenol content, which are known to have antioxidant antiviral and anticancer effects. Thus we could conclude that pilot products of the high quality varied calorie levels of HMR Bibimbap set with tumeric, which is helpful for antioxidant action have been developed to meet various customer needs.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.9-18
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• 2018

Objective : Many patients take antihypertensive drugs as well as herbal medicines at the same time in order to treat other symptoms or to keep their well-being. In this study, interactions between herbal medicines and synthetic antihypertensive drugs were analyzed. Methods : To investigate the interaction between herbal medicines and synthetic antihypertensive drugs, three electronic databases, including OASIS, Mediline and Sciencedirect were searched. Experimental and clinical studies on the interaction between herbal medicines and antihypertensive drugs were independently reviewed and included. Results : Analyzing selected studies, twenty herbs were found to interact with antihypertensive drugs. Herbs found to increase the antihypertensive effect were Panax ginseng, Carthamus tinctorius, Magnolia officinalis, Silybum marianum, Scutellaria baicalensis, Schisandra chinensis, Sophora flavescens, Piper nigrum, Curcuma longa, Ginkgo biloba, Juncus effuses and Hydrastis canadensis. In contrast, Commiphora myrrha, Rhodiola rosea, Hypericum perforatum, Eurycoma longifolia, and Daturae metel were found to inhibit the antihypertensive effect. Stephania tetrandra could increase or decrease the effect depending on the type of antihypertensive drug. Epedria sínica was suspected of pharmacodynamic interaction with antihypertensive drug. Glycyrrhiza uralensis has been reported to have serious side effects in combination with antihypertensive drugs. Conclusion : These results imply that when used in combination with herbal medicines and synthetic antihypertensive drugs, proper doses and herbs which are to avoid need to be informed to the patients. Despite concerns about interactions between herbal medicines and synthetic drugs, related research is very limited. More systematic researches are needed to give information on patient safety as well as to guide clinical practice.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.592-603
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• 2014

We developed various recipes of turmeric powder (Curcuma longa L.) added to milk bread and assessed the individual effects of seven ingredients [milk ($X_1$), turmeric powder ($X_2$), bread improver ($X_3$), fresh yeast ($X_4$), butter ($X_5$), sugar ($X_6$), and salt ($X_7$)] as well as the 2-way interaction effects of the ingredients on the sensory characteristics of breads using fractional factorial design method. The center and end points of each component were determined via literature review and multiple test baking. Seven trained sensory test panels evaluated the outside appearance (OA), inside appearance (IA), and flavor & texture (FT) of 38 breads using 46 items of sensory evaluation. Findings are as follows: for the OA, $X_1$ (P<0.05) and $X_4$ (P<0.0001) exhibited significant individual effects, whereas $X_1*X_7$, $X_2*X_5$, $X_3*X_6$, and $X_4*X_6$ indicated significant interaction effects (P<0.05). For the IA, $X_1$ (P<0.0001), $X_4$ (P<0.0001), $X_6$ (P<0.05), $X_2*X_4$ (P<0.05), and $X_3*X_6$ (P<0.01) showed individual and interaction effects, respectively. For the FT, $X_1$ and $X_2$ showed the most significant individual effect (P<0.0001), followed by $X_4$, $X_5$ and $X_6$ (P<0.05) in descending order. $X_4*X_7$ indicated the only significant interaction effect. We computed the magnitudes of the 2-way interaction effects of the ingredients with a distinct emphasis. Model equations predicting the levels of the ingredient effects on the breads were also provided via regression analyses. In summation, $X_4$ appeared to be the most significant component affecting the sensory characteristics based on its individual and 2-way interaction effects. Further, $X_6$, $X_1$, $X_2$, and $X_5$ indicated both individual and interaction effects. $X_3$ and X7 showed only interaction effects. The center point effect appeared to be unequivocal for whole sensory characteristics. Findings of the present study may provide insights into the selection of ingredients to derive an optimal model for turmeric powder-added bread using the response surface method hereafter.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.570-576
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of turmeric on antioxidative systems and oxidative damage in rats fed a high fat and cholesterol diet. A total 40 rats were divided into four experimental groups: a normal diet group (N), a high fat and cholesterol diet group (HF), a high fat and cholesterol diet group supplemented with 2.5% turmeric powder (TPA group) and a high fat and cholesterol diet group supplemented with 5% turmeric powder (TPB group). The serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) activity of the turmeric supplemented groups were decreased compared to the HF group. The GPT activity of the TPB group was especially and significantly decreased compared to the HF group. Hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) of the TPB group was significantly increased compared to the HF group. However, there were no significant differences in the activities of hepatic glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx) and catalase (CAT) among all experimental groups. Hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in the TPA and TPB groups were increased compared to the HF group. Hepatic superoxide radical content in mitochondria of the 5% turmeric supplemented group was significantly decreased compared to the HF group. Hepatic hydrogen peroxide content in the cytosol and mitochondria of the turmeric-supplemented groups were decreased compared to the HF group. Hepatic carbonyl values in the mitochondria of the turmeric supplemented groups were significantly decreased compared to the HF group. Thiobarbituric acid reaction substance (TBARS) values in the liver were significantly reduced in turmeric supplemented groups compared to the HF group. These result suggest that turmeric powder may reduce oxidative damage through the activation of antioxidative defense systems in rats fed high fat and cholesterol diets.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.1064-1070
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• 2012

The current study examined the effect of turmeric powder on bile acid and UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity in rats fed a high-fat and -cholesterol diet. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing $120{\pm}10$ g were randomly assigned to a normal diet group (N group) and a high-fat and -cholesterol diet group (HF group), which was further divided into a high-fat and high-cholesterol with a 2.5% tumeric powder supplement group (TPA group) and 5% turmeric powder-supplemented group (TPB group). Body weight gain and food efficiency ratio were significantly increased in the N group as compared to the HF group, but they were significantly decreased in turmeric-supplemented groups as compared to the HF group. The total serum cholesterol and TG contents of the turmeric-supplemented groups were decreased as compared to those of the HF group. Especially, the TPB group was significantly decreased as compared to the HF group. The serum LDL-cholesterol and AI of the turmeric-supplemented groups were decreased as compared to the HF group. The hepatic triglyceride contents of all groups supplemented with the tumeric powder were significantly decreased as compared to the HF group. The hepatic UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity of the turmeric-supplemented groups was increased as compared to the HF group. In particular, the TPB group was significantly increased as compared to the HF group. The serum total bile acid contents of the turmeric-supplemented groups were increased as compared to the HF group. These results suggest that tumeric has powerful health benefits that are created via UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity, bile acid, and lipid metabolism.