• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.297-301
• /
• 2003

An inhibitor of squalene synthase, a key enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathways and a target for improved agents to lower plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein, was sequentially purified from Curcuma longa by acetone extraction, silica gel column chromatography, and sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Active compound, YUF-01, was successfully purified and analyzed as $C_{20}H_{21}O_6$ by electron ionization mass spectrum. Through $^1H-NMR$ and $^{13}C-NMR$ analyses, YUF-01 was identified as curcumin, which showed strong inhibition of squalene synthase.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.388-396
• /
• 2009

The present study investigated an ethanol extract (HS0608) of a mixture of three medicinal plants of Curcuma longae radix, Phellinus linteus, and Scutellariae radix for possible neuroprotective effects on neurotoxicity induced by amyloid $\beta$ protein ($A{\beta}$) (25-35) in cultured rat cortical neurons and antidementia activity in mice. Exposure of cultured cortical neurons to $10\;{\mu}M$ $A{\beta}$ (25-35) for 36 h induced neuronal apoptotic death. At $1-50\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, HS0608 inhibited neuronal death, elevation of intracellular calcium concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$), and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by $A{\beta}$ (25-35) in primary cultures of rat cortical neurons. Memory loss induced by intracerebroventricular injection of ICR mice with 15 nmol $A{\beta}$ (25-35) was inhibited by chronic treatment with HS0608 (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o. for 7 days) as measured by a passive avoidance test. From these results, we suggest that the antidementia effect of HS0608 is due to its neuroprotective effect against $A{\beta}$ (25-35)-induced neurotoxicity and that HS0608 may have a therapeutic role in preventing the progression of Alzheimer's disease.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.403-412
• /
• 2019

Studies on the physicochemical properties of physiological activity substance in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) were analyzed for the use as an functional food materialization. The proximate compositions in the vacuum freeze dried turmeric were carbohydrate 72.90%, moisture 5.74%, crude protein 10.02%, crude fat 4.67%, and crude ash 6.69%, respectively. The mineral contents of turmeric were calcium (Ca) $2,294.77mg\;kg^{-1}$, potassium (K) $28,780.54mg\;kg^{-1}$, magnesium (Mg) $2,826.90mg\;kg^{-1}$, sodium (Na) $1,826.58mg\;kg^{-1}$, iron (Fe) $190.94mg\;kg^{-1}$, and manganese (Mn) $620.16mg\;kg^{-1}$. The vitamin contents of turmeric were pantothenic acid 1.040 mg/100 g, riboflavin 0.166 mg/100 g, thiamin 0.148 mg/100 g, pyridoxine 0.010 mg/100 g, and calciferol 0.008 mg/100 g, respectively. Total amino acid contents in protein of turmeric were 7.66 g%, and major amino acids were aspartic acid 1.45 g%, glutamic acid 1.07 g%, leucine 0.71 g%, phenylalanine 0.47 g%, and arginine 0.46 g%, respectively. The amount of free amino acids of turmeric were 225.81 mg%, and major free amino acids were asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, and alanine. Especially, in the case of asparagine, it was highest. The compositions of fatty acid were saturated fatty acid 45.09%, monoenes 8.62%, and polyenes 46.30%.

• Food Engineering Progress
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.391-402
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to improve the nutrition and the permeability of functional plants by using cryogenic grinding technology. Barley sprouts, Curcuma longa L., Dendropanax morbifera LEV., Phellinus linteus were dried, ground and extracted in different temperature conditions. Powder size of barley sprouts and Curcuma longa L. were about $50{\mu}m$ and Dendropanax morbifera LEV. and Phellinus linteus were about $20{\mu}m$. Cryogenic ground of Barley sprouts preserved 18.27-124.65% of nutrients such as protein, ash, carbohydrate, beta carotene, minerals, vitamins. Cryogenic grinding powder of Curcuma longa L. show high nutrients retention rate of lipid and carbohydrate. Permeability was measured by Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay (PAMPA) to predict passive gastrointestinal absorption. Permeability of saponarin, which is marker compound of Barley sprouts, is 9.88 times higher in cryogenic grinding powder than ambient grinding powder. Curcumin permability is 3.1 times higher than ambient grinded powder. As a result, particle size, nutrition, protein digestion degree and permeability demonstrated a positive relationship with the decreasing grinding temperature for the powders. These results confirm that the cryogenic grinding method had good suitability to increase functionality of plants, since it could minimize the heat generated while processing and effectively reduce the particle size.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.521-528
• /
• 2016

The antioxidant activity of 70% methanol, 70% ethanol and chloroform-methanol (CM, 2:1, v/v) extracts from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) was investigated in this study. The antioxidant potential of various extracts of turmeric was evaluated by using different antioxidant tests, namely DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt] radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power and ${\beta}$-carotene bleaching assays as well as total phenol content and total flavonoid content. All extracts exhibited abundant total phenol content, total flavonoid content and strong antioxidant activity. Particularly, higher activity was exhibited by CM extract with $46.32{\pm}0.35mgCAE/g$ and $15.58{\pm}0.39 mgQE/g$ of total phenol content and total flavonoid content. Generally, antioxidant activity of various extracts from turmeric increased in the following order: 70% methanol extract, 70% ethanol extract and CM extract, respectively. Results suggested that turmeric could be widely used as a source of antioxidant and a kind of functional material in food.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.117-125
• /
• 2020

The antioxidant, physicochemical, and sensory properties of muffins using fermented Curcuma longa L. were investigated. Sensory properties of the samples were examined, and the correlation between the physicochemical, antioxidant, and sensory properties was studied. The pH of the samples was pH 7.26-7.42, which was the optimal pH range for the air formation of the dough, color, or volume. The antioxidant activities of the sample group were significantly higher than the control (p<0.05). In the sensory intensities, the 1.0 and 1.5%-added sample groups showed a similar savory aroma, sweet aroma, savory taste, sweet taste, and texture to those of the control. Samples containing 1.0 and 1.5% showed similar overall acceptance values to the control. The muffin containing 1.0 or 1.5% fermented Curcuma longa L. powder was developed successfully, and it was concluded that the developed muffin with the fermented turmeric powder could be a highly valued product in the increasingly competitive muffin food industry.

• CELLMED
• /
• v.2 no.4
• /
• pp.31.1-31.7
• /
• 2012

Curcuma longa belongs to the family Zingiberaceae and can be found in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is widely used in Asiatic countries, especially India and South East Asia where it is cultivated commercially as a condiment. Its rhizomes exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-human immunodeficiency virus, anti-bacterial, antioxidant effects, nematocidal activities, antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activities and are of pharmaceutical importance. Another relevant medicinal property exhibited by it is antidiabetic property which is reviewed here. Studies on the efficacy of crude C.longa extracts against type 2 diabetes in murine models reveal that it demonstrates a hypoglycemic effect by lowering the blood glucose levels under in vivo conditions. Clinical studies have revealed the safety of curucmin (major principle component exhibiting pharmaceutical properties from C.longa) on humans but with very low bioavailability. In view of its effective hypoglycemic effect and its low bioavailability, further studies are needed for the characterization of the bioactive principles and formulating the development of C.longa extracts as a novel anti-diabetic therapeutic agent.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.28 no.10
• /
• pp.1614-1625
• /
• 2018

Periodontitis, which is a severe inflammatory disease caused by endotoxins secreted from oral pathogens, destructs gingival tissue and alveolar bone. Curcuma xanthorrhiza, commonly called Java turmeric, has been shown to possess anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. The present study evaluated the inhibitory effect of C. xanthorrhiza supercritical extract (CXS) standardized with xanthorrhizol on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced periodontitis in an animal model. LPS was topically injected into the periodontium of Sprague-Dawley rats to induce periodontitis and CXS (30 and $100mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}day^{-1}$) was orally administered after day 12. Histologically, CXS inhibited the collapse of gingival tissue by preventing cell infiltration. CXS significantly downregulated the expression of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and inflammation-related biomarkers, such as nuclear factor-kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$) and interleukin-1 beta ($IL-1{\beta}$) in gingival tissue. CXS also improved bone remodeling by downregulating osteoclastic transcription factors, such as nuclear factor of activated T-cells c1 (NFATc1), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and cathepsin K. In addition, CXS upregulated osteoblast differentiation-related markers, alkaline phosphate (ALP) and collagen type I alpha (COLA1). Thus, CXS can ameliorate periodontitis by inhibiting inflammation and improving bone remodeling.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.274-278
• /
• 2012

As part of ongoing study focused on the discovery of natural antioxidants from Korean plants by measuring the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging effect and superoxide quenching activity, ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae) was found to show potent antioxidant activities. Subsequent activity-guided fractionation of the ethanol extract led to the isolation of two phenolic compounds, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (1) and gallic acid (2), as antioxidant compounds. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic studies. Compounds 1 and 2 were isolated for the first time from this plant. These compounds showed the significant antioxidative effects during the DPPH free radical scavenging test, and the riboflavin- and xanthine-originated superoxide quenching activity tests.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.556-560
• /
• 2009

Xanthorrhizol, a sesquiterpene isolated from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb., was used to investigate its effect on reducing the saliva and multi-species oral biofilms consisting of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, and Actinomyces viscosus by anti-biofilm and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) assays. Xanthorrhizol exhibited significant antibiofilm activity in the dose- and time-dependent manners. Exposure to 2 and $5{\mu}g/mL$ xanthorrhizol for 30 min remained <50% of saliva and multi-species biofilms formed for 24 hr. In addition, exposure to $10{\mu}g/mL$ xanthorrhizol for 30 min reduced 65 and 77% of 24 hr saliva and multi-species oral biofilms, respectively. CLSM results visually demonstrated that xanthorrhizol reduced bacterial viability in the saliva and multi-species oral biofilms. These results suggest that C. xanthorrhiza Roxb. containing xanthorrhizol with strong anti-biofilm activity can be employed as a plant source for oral care functional foods.