• 대한약침학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2010

Objective : Standard of measurement in Korean Medicine has been changed in dynasty and location. Thus, cun (寸) and chi (尺) as unit of measurement for meridians and acupoints could be recognized as the length of equally divided portions of a certain long bone or the distance between two anatomical landmarks and as an symbolical meaning to date. The goal of this study is to propose a new standard measurement in the metric system for the relative measurement of cun and chi as unit of measurement for meridians and acupoints in normal male legs. Methods : This study was conducted by gauging each parts of normal male legs in the metric system and comparing to the relative measurement of cun and chi as follows; to calculate 1 cun, the length of each parts was divided into the unit of cun referred to Measurement of the Bone in Neijing Lingshu (靈樞 骨度篇); it was compared the unit of cun referred to Measurement of the Bone in Neijing Lingshu with cun which was calculated by dividing subject's height into 75 cun, respectively. Result : There has no significant difference in length of 1 cun among each leg's areas based on a standard of subject's height. The unit of cun by the metric length in the legs was similar to the unit of cun referred to Measurement of the Bone in Neijing Lingshu based on each subject's height. Conclusion : It is suggested that an unit of cun as the measurement for meridians and acupoints in the male legs should be considered to the ranges from 2.4cm to 2.6cm.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2000

Objectives : Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue(華佗夾脊穴) is the Jing-Wai-Qi-Xue(經外奇穴) that is widely used in clinic and effective in Acupuncture and Moxibustion. But the location, number, acupuncture method, clinical application of Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue have not been explained clearly and consistently; moreover, studies or clinical reports about this are insufficient. The purpose of this study is to investigate the location, number, acupuncture method, clinical apptication of Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue. Methods : We investigated Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue through survey of 11 books and 26 relevant journals published in China Results : 1. Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue is located in about 0.5 Cun(寸) at both sides of spinous process of each vertebra. 2. There is differ as the number of Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue is 34, 48, 56, 58 in each documents. Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue located in first, second cervical vertebra and first sacrum is low in application frequency, Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue located from third cervical vertebra to fourth lumbar vertebra is high in apptication frequency. Therefore, all of the acupoints located in about 0.5 Cun(寸) both sides of spinous process of cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebrae are regarded as Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue in wide meaning. 3. There are Kou-Ci-Fa(叩刺法), Qian-Ci-Fa(淺刺法), Yan-Pi-Ci-Fa(沿皮刺法), Shen-Ci-Fa(深刺法) in acupuncture method of Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue. Acupuncturing depths, directions is differ in each location(cervical, thoracic, lumbar vertebra, sacrum) and have something to do with therapeutic effect of Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue. The feeling that patient receive after acupuncture is the key to the treatment of disease. 4. The clinical application of each Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue is mainly selected by distribution of meridians, nerve roots, vertebral segments which are attacked with a disease. The musculoskeletal diseases in treatment of disease by Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue are the most common as 12 cases. Second, there are many reports about nervous system diseases. In addition, good therapeutic results by application of Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue are reported in some diseases, for instance, diseases of five viscera and six entrails, organ, tissue Conclusions : Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue is located in about 0.5 Cun(寸) at both sides of spinous process of each cervical, thoracic lumbar and sacral vertebra. Therapeutic effect of Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue has something to do with acupuncturing depths, directions and feelings. Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue is mainly selected by distribution of meridians, nerve roots, vertebral segments which are attacked with a disease and is mainly applied musculoskeletal diseases, nervous system diseases.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.65-76
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• 2016

Objectives : Generally, pulsation is influenced by climate change in the realms of nature. However, there is a theory explaining a phenomenon in which the pulse gets weaker and even absent for no reason, without affected by diseases; this is the Theory of South and North Politics with which medical practitioners need to be familiar when taking the pulse of patients. Methods : The researcher considered all the previous annotations and the original text of SuWen (素問) ZhiZhenYaoDaLun(至眞要大論). Results : In Five Elements' Evolutions, JiaJi(甲己) becomes Tu(土), which turns itself into the king, an honorable duty. JiaJi is a period of South Politics because it looks south to give an order while the rest eight years is a period of North Politics because they are headed north to receive an order. Conclusions : Since South Politics years look south as a standard, Cun(寸) is located at the south and Chi(尺) is at the north. Controlling the Heaven energy(司天) is located at the south and Effecting the Earth energy(在泉) is at the north. Therefore, if Sanyin is Controlling the Heaven energy(三陰司天), the Cun pulse is absent; if Shaoyin is Controlling the Heaven energy(少陰司天), Cun pulses on both wrists are not felt; if Jueyin is Controlling the Heaven energy(厥陰司天), the Cun pulse on the right wrist disappears; if Taiyin is Controlling the Heaven energy(太陰司天), the Cun pulse on the left wrist is not felt. In the case of Chi, if Sanyin is Effecting the Earth energy(三陰在泉), the Chi pulse is absent; if Shaoyin is Effecting the Earth energy(少陰在泉), Chi pulses on both wrists are not felt; if Jueyin is Effecting the Earth energy(厥陰在泉), the Chi pulse on the right wrist disappears; if Taiyin is Effecting the Earth energy(太陰在泉), the Chi pulse on the left wrist is not felt. North Politics years appears conversely as compared with South Politics years.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.240-245
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• 2015

Pulse diagnosis, the most popular diagnostic tool in traditional Korean medicine, had had many forms but had been fixed on using wrist pulse and placing internal organs on Cun, Guan and Chi(寸 關 尺). Wang Shuhe(王叔和) suggested placing six viscera(六腑) on Cun, Guan and Chi based on relationship between external and internal meridian vessel, and Zhang Jiebin(張介賓) criticized his suggestion and insisted that pulse diagnosis should be based on the organ system. But the origin of pulse diagnosis which can be found in "(Huangdi's) Internal Classic(黃帝內經)" is a tool mainly for diagnosis of not internal organ system but meridian system. Most of material about pulse diagnosis after Ming dynasty(明代) reinterpreted pulse diagnosis in the aspect of organ system, So there has to be additional discussion about it.

• 대한한의정보학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.78-115
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• 2012

Pulse diagnosis has been highly valued in many East Asian medical books, since "Huangdaineijing(黃帝內經)" published. Gigoo-inyoung pulse method(氣口人迎脈法) is one of the four pulse diagnostic methods originally written in"Huangdaineijing(黃帝內經)". At the late 3rd century, "Maijing(脈經)" redefined the positions of Gigoo-inyoung pulse(氣口人迎脈). According to "Maijing(脈經)", both spots were 1fen(分) in front of guan(關) but Gigoo on the right hand and Inyoung on the left hand. At the middle of 13th century, "Maekgyolejijangbyungsikdoseol(脈訣指掌病式圖說)" had detailed view points about the manner of reading Gigoo-inyoung pulse. "Maekgyolejijangbyungsikdoseol(脈訣指掌病式圖說)" explained clearly the position of 1fen(分) in front of guan(關) by sketch of wrist. The location indicated the border of cun(寸) and guan(關). It also explained clearly corresponding certain cun-guan-chi(寸關尺) with Gigoo-inyoung pulse by sketch. "Euihackipmoon(醫學入門)" is a comprehensive book on medicine written by Lee-Cheon(李梴) in Ming(明) dynasty. In this book, pulse diagnosis is the most emphasized method among the four techniques of diagnosis(四診). Furthermore, it introduces detailed information about Gigoo-inyoung pulse method(氣口人迎脈法) in "Gigoo-inyoungmaekgyole(氣口人迎脈訣)". Lee-Cheon concured in the theory of "Yeongruegumbang(永類鈐方)" and "Maekgyolejijangbyungsikdoseol(脈訣指掌病式圖說)" and put a short essay about Gigoo-inyoung pulse named "Gigoo-inyoungmaekgyole(氣口人迎脈訣)" quoted from the two books. Therefore, throughout many chapters of "Euihackipmoon(醫學入門)", Gigoo-inyoung pulse is used in order to distinguish internal damage(內傷) and external contraction(外感). "Maekgyolejijangbyungsikdoseol(脈訣指掌病式圖說)" and "Euihackipmoon(醫學入門)" understood Gigoo-inyoung pulse commonly by corresponding certain cun-guan-chi(寸關尺) with Gigoo-inyoung pulse. Therefrom, Gigoo-inyoung pulse can distinguish seven emotions(七情) of internal damage(內傷) or six excesses(六淫) of external contraction(外感).

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.31-48
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• 2024

Objectives : The purpose of this paper is to find the corresponding pathological situation of the Renmai(任脈), Dumai(督脈), and Chongmai(衝脈) at the Cun(寸), Guan(關), Chi(尺) pulse positions using the Qikoujiudaomai diagnostic method in order to find the pathological pattern of the Eight Extra Meridians. The pulse positions are divided into nine parts, using a three dimensional surface-middle-bottom concept. Methods : Relevant contents in classical texts such as the Maijing, Qijingbamaikao, Zabingyuanliuxizhu, Maiyijianmo were examined, along with previous studies on the topic. The findings were that the Renmai, Dumai, Chongmai examination of the Qikoujiudaomai manifested as floating, tight, firm patterns in the Cun, Guan, Chi positions. Results & Conclusions : n terms of the Renmai, the converging and fast Qi manifested in the three positions as a tight pattern; in the Dumai, the extended and scattering Qi manifested in the three positions as a floating pattern; in the Chongmai, the excessive, solid and full Qi manifested in the three positions as a firm pattern. Once the pathological qi overflows in the 12 meridians, disease happens in the Eight Extra Meridians. As such, disease in the Renmai, Dumai, Chongmai were connected to the main meridians as three branches from one root. Through this study, it could be concluded that diagnosis and acupuncture treatment through the Qikoujiudaomai method is possible.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.133-150
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• 2003

Objective: Recently. many studies have showed the evidences of the effect of the Electro-acupuncture treatment through scientific. Methods : One of these methods is functional MRI. We performed electro-acupuncture on Zusanli(St36) and observed the change of brain activation using fMRI. Zusanli(St36) is located on the lateral side of the lower leg. 3 cun(寸) inferior to the Patella of the lower border. Theoretically and clinically. this point has been considered very important for gynecological disorders. spleen and stomach disorders. and psychological disorders. To see the effects of electro-acupuncture stimulation on Zusanli(St36). the experiment was carried out on twelve healthy volunteers. using the gradient echo sequence with the 3.0T whole-body fMRI system(ISOL). After the needle insertion on right Zusanli(St36). 2 Hz of electric stimulation was given for 30 seconds. repeated five times. with 30 seconds' intervals. The Image analysis including motion correction. talairach transformation, and smoothing was done with SPM99. Results ad conclusion : The electro-acupuncture stimulation on Zusanli(St36) activates Brodmann Area 6, 13, 2, 19, 21, 22, 39, 40, 38, 3which indicates the pathways of the electro-acupuncture stimulation on Zusanli(St36) and the possibility of the relationship of the electro-acupuncture stimulation on Zusanli(St36) with autonomic nervous system, internal organic system.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.221-232
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• 2008

Objectives : The study was performed to evaluate the effect of treatment for spondylolisthesis by using electroacupuncture at Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue is located about 0.5Cun(寸) at both sides of spinous process of each vertebra. Methods : This clinical study was carried out 5 case with spondylolisthesis, who had bean treated from December, 2006 to November, 2007, in the department of acupuncture and moxibustion, Dongshin University Oriental Medical Hospital. We treated the patient who was diagnosed as spondylolisthesis by simple X-ray or MRI. Results : 1. Degenerative type is 3 cases, and isthmic type is 2 cases. 2. In the distribution of injured level was between 4-5th lumbar vertebra the most(3 cases). 3. The improvement index showed 0.29, 0.56, 0.43 points in degerative type, and 0.39, 0.36 points in isthmic type. 4. Therapeutic efforts above "good" by Kim's criteria was 4 cases. 5. Good improvement was showed in VAS about average 3.4. Conclusions : There was reports about Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue electronic acupuncture treatment of patients with spondylolisthesis. It is very effective to improve condition of patients with spondylolisthesis.