• Acta Via Serica
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.91-118
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• 2021

China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is China's contribution to the need for the world to collectively address deficits of peace, development, governance, and problems relating to climate, the environment and human health. The rise of China and the BRI do challenge the current 'rules-based global order' and the economic dominance and moral, political, economic, and cultural leadership of the United States and its allies. However, China's goal is not hegemony but a multipolar world in which common values coexist with principles of peaceful coexistence (including non-interference in the internal affairs of sovereign states). The evolution of the BRI is outlined, and the ways in which it reflects Chinese interests are summarized, including its roles in addressing natural resource dependence and excess capacity, a transition from investment promotion and factor-intensive growth to going out and industrial upgrading, going West, and the effective deployment of China's foreign exchange assets. Although China does therefore potentially gain, the BRI is designed so that partners also gain in a quest for win-win co-operation and mutual benefit. The values that underlie this approach and the call for a community with a shared future are compared with competing western values, whose roots lie in Enlightenment thought and are associated with a record of colonialism and imperialism. In this light, the article concludes with a consideration of the global implications of the BRI, the challenges it confronts and the likelihood that the unipolar moment will give way to a multipolar global development path.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.7-20
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• 2023

The construction method of scaffolding structures is different from Mortise and Tenon and bucket arch structure of traditional large woodwork. It forms an independent construction system-fixing nodes with knots, a large number of diagonal braces are used to fix shelves and the structures mostly contain X-shape and triangular shape details. Simple ones include stalls, sheds, rain sheds, altars, lamp racks etc. But the scaffolding with larger scale and more complicated structure are modeled on archways, theatres and other buildings which are used in commercial and festival activities. At present, Macao, Hong Kong, Guangdong, Sichuan, Shanxi and other places in China have retained the custom of using scaffolding structures in important festival activities, but their uses, techniques and building types are slightly different from place to place. Due to building and demolishing at any time, the construction and service cycle is short. As a result, there are almost no physical objects left. We can only deduce the use and technical characteristics of ancient scaffolding skills through the colorful building styles that have been preserved with folk activities in various parts of China, the craftsmanship handed down from generation to generation by the scaffolding guild and artisans, and the description of cultural and historical materials and the mutual corroboration of visual materials.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.93-106
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• 2023

Emerging and re-emerging zoonotic viruses become critical public health, economic, societal, and cultural burdens. The Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic reveals needs for effective preparedness and responsiveness against the emergence of variants and the next virus outbreak. The targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) significantly contributes to the acquisition of viral genome sequences directly from clinical specimens. Using this advanced NGS technology, the genomic epidemiology and surveillance play a critical role in identifying of infectious source and origin, tracking of transmission chains and virus evolution, and characterizing the virulence and developing of vaccines during the outbreak. In this review, we highlight the platforms and preparation of targeted NGS for the viral genomics. We also demonstrate the application of this strategy to take advantage of the responsiveness and prevention of emerging zoonotic viruses. This article provides broad and deep insights into the preparedness and responsiveness for the next zoonotic virus outbreak.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aims to examine the opportunities in the food industry in the context of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and the metaverse. The metaverse expands offline experiences into a virtual space and provides users with the advantage of overcoming the limitations of physical space. Research design, data and methodology: With the development of various contents based on advanced technology, the metaverse is becoming popular among the MZ generation (comprising millennials and Gen Zs), who are skilled at navigating digital platforms. Moreover, the previously entertainment game focused service has expanded to the business field after COVID-19; activities on the metaverse are now making space for economic value creation. I examined the recent global trends in the context of NFTs and the metaverse as well as the existing cases in Korea. Results: Globally, gaming and performance platforms such as Roblox, Fortnite etc. are still concentrated in the entertainment industry. However, as shown by ZEPETO and ifland in Korea there are many opportunities in the retail and food industries. Conclusions: We analyzed the ecosystems of the retail and food and beverage sectors, where the metaverse will be useful in the future, and have suggested the implications of the opportunities provided by the metaverse.

• Journal of Koreanology Reviews
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2024

The study aims to examine the development of the South Korean music industry over time in order to capture the evolution process of the industry from its initial stages to its current state as one of the world's leading music markets. Based on the above consideration, a systematic literature review was conducted in order to provide an overview of the achievements of the South Korean music industry with the help of PRISMA method. The reason for doing this is to ensure that the process of selecting, filtering and collecting literature from different sources is not only efficient and time-saving but also rigid and coherent. This paper will explore the various elements that have defined the industry, including culture, technology, marketing and government policies and regulations (Jang & Song, 2017). Furthermore, it will inquire the effects of the K-pop cultural export on other industries, whether it be tourism, fashion, consumer goods, and more, thereby illustrating its vast significance. In more detail, this study aims to give an adequate idea about the historical accomplishments of the South Korean music industry in the global music map, identify factors that facilitated the enhancement of the industry and examine the significance of the findings and their applications for the industry's progression and development in the future.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.101-118
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• 2014

In the mid-2000s, Web 2.0 appears and is becoming a general cultural code with the keyword of participation, sharing, and openness. Web 2.0, in which consumption is being transformed by the participatory web culture, has evolved. However, associated with the evolution of Web 2.0, several significant concerns appears in a society. Among them, this study will focuses on the cyber-ethics issues. There are limitations to solve the cyber-ethics problems only in the technical and legal approaches. Therefore, the current article intends to consider comprehensively the antecedents of cyber-ethics such as individual characteristics, social influence, and cultural characteristics. Specifically, (1) Do individual characteristics(i.e., self-efficacy, locus of control) affect cyber-ethics in the Web 2.0 environment?, (2) Do social influence(i.e., subjective norm) have an effect on cyber-ethics?, (3) Do cyber -ethics have an impact on user participation in the Web 2.0 services(i.e., retrieval and creation)?, finally (4) Do international cultural difference have a moderation effect on the relationship between cyber-ethics and user participation? For testing empirically the hypothesized research model, this study collected questionnaires in South Korea as well as U.S.A. The results showed that individual characteristics and social influence affect cyber-ethics toward user's creative activities in Web 2.0 sites.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.157-167
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• 2012

This study aimed to interpret the provenance and firing temperature of pottery from Chipyeongdong site in Gwangju, Korea though mineralogical and geochemical methods and also investigated the post-depositional alteration of pottery in burial environments. It is also presumed that they were made of soils near the site because they have similar mineralogical composition and same geochemical evolution path. Based on the results of mineralogical analysis, the pottery samples are largely divided into 2 groups; $700^{\circ}C$ to $1,000^{\circ}C$ and 1,000 to $1,100^{\circ}C$. At some pottery fired at over $1,000^{\circ}C$, it is thought that the refinement of raw materials were processed to remove macrocrystalline fragments. However, it was found that phosphate in soil environments formed amorphous aggregates with Al and Fe within the pores and voids on pottery fired at the low temperature. It indicates the contamination of pottery after burial.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.123-139
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• 2016

The excavated potteries of Goryeo Period from the Sandongri archaeological site in Seosan were studied on physicochemical analyses. Surface color of the samples are mainly grayish blue, and showed the natural glaze by melting the body soils during the burning. Partly, swelling surface are observed bloated marks because of blow out gas by burning. The potteries are some possibility of making the similar source clay on the basis of magnetic susceptibilities (about $1{\times}10^{-3}SI\;unit$) and general occurrences. Values of specific gravity, apparent porosity and absorption ratio are divided two groups as highly different cases of bloating surface samples. The source clay of the potteries used mainly microcrystalline clay, the mineral compositions are quartz and some colored minerals. Based on the analysis, the burning temperature of the potteries are assumed that they were around $1,100^{\circ}C$ because detection of quartz and mullite within hard and compact matrices. As geochemical variations of the samples, evolution trends of rare earth, compatible and incompatible elements showed very similar patterns excepting the some major elements, that means the potteries are interpreted to making by elutriation processes using the same raw clays from very similar basement rocks of genetically.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.255-271
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• 2009

This study was examined interpretation of making techniques and provenance interpretation of raw materials for the potteries from the Nongseori site in Giheung based on archaeometric characteristics. The potteries are classified into three groups according to the archaeological age. The texture of Neolithic age potteries is sandy soil added a lot of temper such as talc and mica, and Bronze age potteries contain sandy materials which occur naturally include quartz, orthoclase, plagioclase and mica. On the other hand, Proto-three Kingdom Age potteries made of silty soil that sift out coarse minerals from the clay. But all pottery and soil samples in the study were very similar patterns with geochemical evolution trend. This result is sufficient evidence that all pottery samples were produced using the same raw materials from the host rocks around of the site area. The Neolithic age potteries had loose texture and fired probably about 700 to $760^{\circ}C$. The Bronze age potteries had experienced firing about 850 to $900^{\circ}C$. And Proto-three Kingdom Age potteries had compact textured and fired from 900 to $1,050^{\circ}C$. The making techniques of potteries are not represented discontinuation characteristics about the periodic time sequences, and are suggested that revealed a transitional change patterns for production techniques.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.40-61
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• 2009

The Cretaceous Gyeongsang Supergroup, composed of clastic sediments mostly deposited in the lacustrine and fluvial environment, is widely distributed in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. Diverse fossils of plants, molluscs, insects, footprints of dinosaurs, pterosaurs and birds, and eggs, bones, and teeth of dinosaurs have been found from the Gyeongsang Supergroup. New types of dinosaur, pterosaur, and bird tracks recently discovered from the Gyeongsang Supergroup attract great attention from the world. Several tracksites of dinosaurs and birds were designated as Natural Monument and nationally conserved, and many efforts have given to them for nomination of UNESCO World Heritage. Bird tracks from the Gyeonsang Supergroup are Koreanaornis hamanensis, Jindongornipes kimi, Goseongornipes markjonesi, Ignotornis yangi, Uhangrichnus chuni, and Hwangsanipes choughi, which correspond approximately one third of Mesozoic bird tracks recorded from the world. The Gyeongsang Basin of the Korean Peninsula yields world most diverse bird tracks which may be called a paradise of Mesozoic birds and they are important natural heritage providing significant information about evolution and paleogeographic distribution of birds.