• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.301-301
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• 2017

Subspecific difference of the percentage of white immature kernels (WIK) between japonica and indica rice cultivars was analyzed in relation to ripening temperature and yield characters. Thirty-three Chinese and 10 Japanese rice cultivars, including 32 japonica and 11 indica, were cultivated with three different cropping seasons for three years. The results were as follows: (1) Indica had less number of panicles, larger number of spikelets per panicle with higher yield, and longer and narrower kernels than japonica. In japonica, Chinese cultivars had less number of panicles and larger number of spikelets per panicle than Japanese cultivars. In addition, WIK was significantly higher in Chinese cultivars than in Japanese cultivars, because of the higher percentage of milky white kernels, even at similar temperature conditions during ripening. On the other hand, WIK in indica was not significantly different between the production areas and between the cropping seasons. (2) Regardless of subspecies, WIK in a large number of Chinese cultivars increased with increasing temperature during ripening within 20 days after heading, while this relation was uncommon in Japanese cultivars, showing the low temperature response. However, some Chinese cultivars had the low WIK with the low temperature response. (3) WIK in japonicawas positively correlated with 1000-kernel weight, spikelet density, kernel width and thickness, but negatively correlated with panicle length and grain filling percentage, while in indica it was positively correlated with panicle number per area, grain filling percentage, brown rice yield and kernel width, but negatively correlated with kernel length. These results indicated that WIK in both subspecies had a close relation to kernel size, and that WIK was high in japonica cultivars with wide and thick kernels and in indica cultivars with short and wide kernels.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.265-265
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• 2017

This study was carried out to develop rice variety integrated with rice bacterial blight resistance gene and to know the information of major agronomic traits of developed variety. Advanced backcross Lines 21 having Xa3 and Xa21 gene cross from japonica cultivar Hwanggeumnuri and indica variety IRBB21. Days after seeding and culm length of ABLs21 were 108 days (Aug. 16) and 76 cm, respectively. Ripened grain rates was 87.4 %, which was similar to the parents. 1000 grain weight of brown rice of ABLs21 was 21.4g, which was lower than the donor parent. Milled rice yield of ABLs21 was 532 kg/10a, which was smaller than recurrent parent and higher than the donor parent. Grain length/width ratio of brown rice was form of japonica with short-ellipse and glossiness of cooked rice has japonica trait. Head rice rate showed a large difference compare to the donor parent and similar to the recurrent parent. ABLs21 would be useful genetic resources for resistance breeding program against bacterial blight.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.256-256
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of rice cultivars (Hangaru, Seolgaeng, Dasan-1 and Anda) on quality characteristics of rice beer. As for moisture content, Hangaru and Seolgaeng that are soft rice were higher than Dasan-1 and Anda as 14.48 and 14.62%, respectively. Dasan-1 and Anda showed higher protein content as compared to other varieties. As for amylose content, Hangaru turned out to be lower than other varieties as 17.71%, whereas reducing sugar content of Hangaru and Seolgaeng was higher than Dasan-1 and Anda. Results of hardness showed that Hangaru and Seolgaeng were measured lower than Dasan-1 and Anda. As a result of measuring alcohol content, pH and color of beer brewed by rice cultivars, no significant difference by cultivars was found, but measurement result of bitterness showed that beer brewed with Hangaru and Seolgaeng showed lower bitterness comparing to the beer brewed with Dasan-1 and Anda. The results of this study suggest that Hangaru and Seolgaeng are considered cultivars suitable for brewing quality of rice beer.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.137-137
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• 2017

Rice has important role as a primary food resource in especially the Asia, Korea, China, India, Indonesia and Japan. After development and increasingly using artificial chemical fertilizer, rice is getting high quality and quantity to satisfy ever-increasing people. On the other hand, the earth environment is more polluted each day. Nowadays consumers are looking for the organic crops or foods that were grown with eco-friendly method and in pure farmland. With the immergence of this trend, it is time to development environmentally-friendly agriculture. One of the methods is growing green manure crops in winter or spring on the fields. For this reasons, growing rye and Italian ryegrass are useful to use green manure to enhance rice production without chemical fertilizers and make the property of the soil eco-friendly. To know how improve the quality and quantity of rice with green manures, rye and Italian ryegrass, first the characteristics of green manure corps were measured. Dry matter yields of the rye and Italian ryegrass were 2.21 and $1.81t\;Ha^{-1}$. And the percentages of the dry matter were 28 and 32%. And, analyzed mineral components in rye and Italian ryegrass were nitrogen, organic matter, $P_2O_5$, CaO, $C_2O$ and MgO. Specially, the percentages of the organic matter and the CaO between rye and Italian ryegrass have difference appreciably. the height of the rice on the Italian ryegrass-fertilized field was the highest among the variant fields. The height of the rice on the non-fertilized field was the lowest. Yield of the Italian ryegrass-, rye- and non-fertilized rice are 805.2, 639.9 and $415.3kg\;10a^{-1}$. At the result, Italian ryegrass is the most effective green manure among the 3 treated-fertilized.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2007

Whole, bast and core fibers of kenaf cultivar Tainung-2 were pulped under different pulping methods, thermomechanical and kraft pulping methods. The physical and optical properties of kenaf TMP(thermomechanical pulp) and KP(kraft pulp) handsheets were investigated and the results from the study are summarized as follows: Yields of TMP and KP were $77{\sim}87%\;and\;43{\sim}52%$, respectively. There was no significant change in apparent density between kenaf KP and USKP(unbleached softwood kraft pulp) but TMP showed a little lower apparent density. Bast pulp had the lowest apparent density regardless of pulping methods. Tensile strength of kenaf KP was higher than that of TMP but similar to that of USKP. Both TMP and KP handsheets of bast fraction showed the highest tear strengths among whole, bast, and core fractions. Core fraction showed the lowest tear strengths under different pulping methods. In general burst strength of kenaf pulp under different pulping methods was lower than that of USKP, and kenaf pulp had better stiffness than USKP. Brightness of kenaf KP and TMP was higher than that of USKP. There was no significant variation in opacity between kenaf pulp and USKP even though kenaf pulp showed a little lower opacity. The main difference in paper quality between the core fiber and bast fiber is derived from the fact that bast fiber is long and thin, whereas core fiber is short and thick.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.311-318
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• 2002

Planting date of soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is one of production components in cultural systems. The objective of the current study was to identify the components of soybean production and cultural practices encompassing planting dates and cultivars that respond to dry matter accumulation, harvest index and yield components. Three determinate soybean cultivars were planted on May 13 (early), June 3 (mid), and June 24 (late). Planting density was 60$\times$15cm with 2 seeds (222,000 plants per ha). Soybean plants were sampled every 10 days interval from the growth stages of V5 to R8 and separated into leaves including petioles, stems, pods, and seeds. Dry matter accumulations, harvest indices, and yield components were measured. Early planting had taken 55 days from VE to R2 and late planting taken 39 days indicating reduced vegetative growth. Early planting showed higher leaf, stem, pod and seed dry weights than late planting. However, late planting appeared to be higher harvest index and harvesting rate. Vegetative mass including leaf and stem increased to a maximum around R4/R5 and total dry weight increased to a maximum around R5/R6 and then declined slightly at R8. The highest seed yield was obtained with mid planting and no difference was found between early and late plantings. Cultivar differences were found among planting dates on growth characteristics and yield components. The results of this experiment indicated that soybean yield in relation to planting dates examined was mainly associated with harvest index and harvesting rate, and planting date of cultivars would be considered soybean plants to reach the growth stage of R4/R5 after mid August for adequate seed yield.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.286-291
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• 2002

Seedling establishment of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a critical factor in production system and cultural practices. The objective of this study was to identify the components of soybean seedling developments encompassing planting dates and cultivars that respond to emergence, early growth stage and dry matter accumulation. Three soybean cultivars, Hwangkeumkong, Shinpaldalkong 2, and Pungsannamulkong, were planted at Baegsan silty loam soil. Planting date was May 13, June 3, and June 24 in 2001. Sprinkler irrigation was accompanied with 30mm after seeding for three planting dates. Soybean seedlings were sampled at the growth stages from VE to V5. Days to emergence of soybean seedlings were taken 8 at May 13 and 5 at June 24 plantings. Emergence percentage was over 90 at three planting dates. May 13 planting took 33 days and June 24 planting was 25 days for reaching V5 growth stage. Cotyledon number was decreased after V2. Significant cultivar difference was found in cotyledon dry weight until V2 which differed in seed dry weights at the planting times. Leaf and total dry weights of soybean seedlings were not differed from V1 to V3 among planting dates and cultivars. Leaf water contents were generally ranged 78 to 85%. Branch was appeared from V4. Leaf/stem ratio among cultivars was similar at five growth stages and gradually increased from 2.1 at V1 to 2.8 at V5. The results based on this experiment indicated that seedling establishment of soybean was continued from VE to V3 growth stages affecting mainly by planting date and soil moisture.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.135-141
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• 1994

Elevated near-UV radiation, containing a large amount of UV-B and a small amount of UV-C, inhibited the development of leaves and tillers, the increase in biomass production, the elongation of plant height, the photosynthetic rate and the chlorophyll content in rice plants in a phytotron. Elevated UV-B radiation filtered through cellulose diacetate film or UV-31 cut filter (transmission down to 290 nm) similarly suppressed each growth component above. Near-UV radiation-caused injuries were alleviated either by elevated CO$_2$ atmosphere or by exposure to high irradiance-visible radiation. On the basis of these findings, we examined cultivar differences in the resistance to UV radiation-caused injuries among 198 rice cultivars belonging to 5 Asian rice ecotypes ( aus, aman, boro, bulu and tjeleh) from the Bengal region and Indonesia and to Japanese lowland and upland rice groups. It was shown that .various cultivars having different sensitivities to the effects of near-UV radiation were involved in the same ecotype and the same group, and that the Japanese lowland rice group and the boro ecotype were more resistant. Among Japanese lowland rice cultivars, Sasanishiki (one of the leading varieties in Japan) exhibited more resistance to near-UV radiation, while Norin 1 showed less resistance, although these two cultivars are closely related. It was thus indicated that the resistance to the inhibitory effects of near-UV radiation of rice cultivars is not simply due to the difference in the geographical situation where rice cultivars are cultivated. From the genetic analysis of resistance to the inhibitory effects of UV radiation on growth of rice using F$_2$ plants generated by reciprocally crossing Sasanishiki and Norin 1 and F$_3$ lines generated by self-fertilizing F$_2$ plants, it was evident that the resistance to the inhibitory effects of elevated near-UV radiation in these rice plants was controlled by recessive polygenes.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.179-183
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• 1998

The cyanidin 3-glucoside (C3G) extracted from pigmented rice seeds in 0.5% TFA (Trifluoro acetic acid) -95% ethanol was separated by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). A HPLC system using a Develosil ODS-5 column and 0.1 % TFA-$H_2O$～0.1 % TFA-$CH_3CN$ gradient elution was selected for separation and quantitative determination of C3G. Regression equation obtained for the standard content of C3G pigment was as Y=21.95293$^*$X-14.726771 (r=0.99$^{**}$). Using this method, 326 domestic and introduced collections were evaluated for the C3G content. The Korean bred cultivar 'Heugjinjubyeo', showed highest C3G content (552 mg/100g seed) among the tested cultivars. Among the pigmented rice cultivars ten cultivars were selected for containing a high content of C3G. The content of C3G per 100g seeds was in high order as follows: Heugjinjubyeo (552mg)>Cheng Chang (321mg)>Kilimgeugmi (240mg)>PI160979-2 (224mg)>Hong Shei Lo (221mg)>Heugnambyeo (191 mg)>Mitak =PIl60979-1 (186mg)>Suwon425 (163mg)>Sanghaehyanghyeolla (108mg). The C3G pigment was not detected in the common white rice cultivars.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.297-302
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• 2008

Application of genotype by environment ($G\;{\times}\;E$) interaction would be used for identifying optimum test condition of the varietal adaptation in the establishment of breeding purpose. Yield and yield components were used to perform additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis. Significant difference for $G\;{\times}\;E$ interaction were observed for all variable examined. For yield, 0.18 of total sum of squares corresponded to $G\;{\times}\;E$ interaction. Correlation analysis was carried out between genotypic scores of the first interaction principal component axis (IPCA 1) for agronomic characters. Significant correlations were observed between IPCA 1 for yield and capsule bearing stem length (CBSL), number of capsule per plant (NOC). The biplot of grain yield means for IPCA1 which accounted for 34% of the variation in total treatment sums of squares showed different reaction according to $G\;{\times}\;E$ interaction, genotypes and environments. Taegu showed relatively lower positive IPCA1 scores, and it also showed smaller coefficient variation of yield mean where it is recommendable as a optimal site for the sesame cultivar adaptation and evaluation trial. In case of variables, Yangbaek and M1 showed relatively lower IPCA1 scores, but the score direction showed opposite each other on the graph. Ansan, Miryang1, Miryang4, and Miryang6 seemed to be similar group in view of yield response against IPCA1 scores. These results will be helpful to select experimental site for sesame in Korea to minimize $G\;{\times}\;E$ interaction for the selection of promising genotype with higher stability.