• 한국인지과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국인지과학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.39-41
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• 2006

A modifiedPosner cue-target paradigm in which neutral, positive and negative (threat) words were presented in peripheral location for cue was used to investigate the difference of engagement component of attention across emotional valence and anxiety level of participants. Results showed an interaction effect between anxiety level of participants and emotional valence of cue in valid trial. This indicates that the engage component of attention is not encapsulated and influenced by anxiety level of participant.

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.19-41
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• 2008

논문기사의 비평적 초록을 웹 환경 아래서 자동으로 생성하기 위하여 비평 단서어구, 비평 정보 범례, 비평 수록 문장 발췌규칙, 비평문장 생성규칙을 작성하였다. 비평 정보를 발췌하고 문장을 생성하는데 필요한 비평문 작성 도움 온톨로지를 만들어 비평의 단초가 되는 단서어구와 문장 간의 징후들을 관리 운영하였다. 징후들은 원문의 연구목적, 방법, 결과, 결론 문장을 중심으로 그 주변 문장들에서 상호 작용하여 표출되는 문맥적 정보를 이용하였다. 실제 비평문장의 성능을 조사한 결과, 발췌 및 생성 규칙의 개선과 온톨로지의 관계들이 보강되어야 할 것으로 판단하였다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.25-36
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• 2016

Previous studies showed that the voice onset time (VOT) of aspirated and lenis stops has been merged, and post-stop fundamental frequency (F0) has emerged as a primary cue to distinguish the two stops in the younger generation and female speech. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that VOT merger in aspirated and lenis stops occurs after an F0 difference between the two stops becomes stabilized. In other words, unless post-stop F0, which is a redundant feature, is fully developed, it is hard for VOT merger to happen. Females have got a stable F0 difference in stops earlier than males. Therefore, VOT merger could happen, and as a result, females could take the lead in changing from VOT to F0 in initial stops. This study also shows that speakers who acquired F0 as a primary cue use F0 to the full to distinguish lenis stops from two other stops (aspirated and fortis).

• 음성과학
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.37-62
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• 2007

The current study examines the role of post-lexical tonal patterns of a prosodic phrase in word segmentation. In a word spotting experiment, native Korean listeners were asked to spot a disyllabic or trisyllabic word from twelve syllable speech stream that was composed of three Accentual Phrases (AP). Words occurred with various post-lexical intonation patterns. The results showed that listeners spotted more words in phrase-initial than in phrase-medial position, suggesting that the AP-final H tone from the preceding AP helped listeners to segment the phrase-initial word in the target AP. Results also showed that listeners' error rates were significantly lower when words occurred with initial rising tonal pattern, which is the most frequent intonational pattern imposed upon multisyllabic words in Korean, than with non-rising patterns. This result was observed both in AP-initial and in AP-medial positions, regardless of the frequency and legality of overall AP tonal patterns. Tonal cues other than initial rising tone did not positively influence the error rate. These results not only indicate that rising tone in AP-initial and AP_final position is a reliable cue for word boundary detection for Korean listeners, but further suggest that phrasal intonation contours serve as a possible word boundary cue in languages without lexical prominence.

• 인지과학
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.17-39
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• 2008

오기억(false memory) 연구에 필요한 한국어 단어 연상 목록을 작성하기 위해 대학생과 초등학생을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였다. 비연속적 자유연상 기법을 이용하여 각 단어들에 대한 연상단어와 연상 강도, 총 연상단어 수에 대한 세트 크기 비율을 집단별로 산출해서 질적, 양적 차이가 있는지를 비교하였다. 각 단어마다 연상 강도가 매우 높은 연상단어들은 두 집단 간 같거나 비슷한 반면 연상 강도가 낮아질수록 두 집단에서 연상된 단어들이 다양했다. 대학생 집단이 초등학생 집단보다 세트 크기 비율이 더 컸다. 이 결과는 대학생이 초등학생보다 더 전형적이고 수렴된 의미망을 형성한다는 것을 시사한다. 본 자료는 오기억 연구뿐 아니라 연상 단어를 이용해 인지적 기제를 밝히려는 연구들을 위해 유용한 기초자료를 제공해 줄 수 있다.

• 아동학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.45-57
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• 1990

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the age-related differences in recall and to assess effects of presentation modality, encoding condition and cue modality on recall in terms of encoding specificity principles and dual-coding theory. Eighty children in each of 3grades(first, third and fifth) were presented a 30-item set of pictures or words on cars for recall in a study-test procedure. The experiment was designed as a 3(age) x 2(presentation modality:picture or word) x 2(encoding condition:random or category) x 2(cue modality:picuture or word) factorial design. Statistical analyses were with four-way ANOVA and $Scheff\acute{e}$ test. It was concluded from these results that when the stimulus was presented by pictures, encoded by category and the cues were also presented by pictures, recall increased in all ages. These results were interpreted in terms of encoding specificity principles and dual-coding theory.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2023

Previous studies have established a role for cognitive differences in explaining variability in speech processing across individuals. In the case of perceptual cue weighting in the context of a sound change, studies have produced conflicting results regarding the relationship between executive function and the use of redundant cues. The current study aimed to explore this relationship in acoustic cue weighting during speech production. Forty-one Korean-speaking children read a list of stop-initial words and completed two tests that assess executive function, i.e., Dimensional Change Card Sorting (DCCS) and digit n-back. Voice onset time (VOT) and fundamental frequency (F0) were measured in each word, and analyses were carried out to determine the extent to which children's executive function predicted their use of both informative and less informative cues to the three pairs comprising the Korean three-way stop laryngeal contrast. No evidence was found for a relationship between cognitive ability and acoustic cue weighting in production, which is at odds with previous, albeit conflicting, results for speech perception. While this result may be due to the lack of task demands in the production task used here, it nevertheless expands the empirical ground upon which future work in this area may proceed.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2022

This study investigates closure durations of Korean stops in terms of laryngeal contrasts, places of articulation, and three positions within words. Twenty-two Korean speakers produced the nonsense words containing Korean stops found in word-initial and word-final positions and between vowels. The statistical results showed that the closure durations differed significantly by laryngeal contrast and place of articulation. In addition, the differences by position within words were marginally significant. The closure durations were in the order of lenis < aspirated < fortis stops by laryngeal contrast, velar < alveolar < bilabial stops by place of articulation, and word-final < word-initial < between vowels by positions within words. The laryngeal contrasts were neutralized in word-final position as per coda neutralization in Korean phonology. This study shows that closure durations should be considered a valuable phonetic cue to identify stops on par with voice onset time and f0.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.346-351
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• 2023

With the rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology, there is an increasing variety of methods for creating 3D models. These include innovations such as text-only generation, 2D images to 3D models, and combining images with cue words. Each of these methods has unique advantages, opening up new possibilities in the field of 3D modeling. The purpose of this study is to explore and summarize these methods in-depth, providing researchers and practitioners with a comprehensive perspective to understand the potential value of these methods in practical applications. Through a comprehensive analysis of pure text generation, 2D images to 3D models, and images with cue words, we will reveal the advantages and disadvantages of the various methods, as well as their applicability in different scenarios. Ultimately, this study aims to provide a useful reference for the future direction of AI modeling and to promote the innovation and progress of 3D model generation technology.

• 음성과학
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.47-58
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• 1998

This paper tests whether frication duration plays an important role in perceiving fricatives and affricates. In other words, whether the frication duration is an acoustic cue for distinguishing fricatives from affricates. For this purpose two types of experiments are carried out. In the first experiment two sets of stimuli are created by decreasing the frication duration of fricatives by 10ms, and in the second experiment two steps of stimuli are created by increasing the frication duration of affricates by 10 ms. The results of the present study show that frication duration is the primary acoustic cue in perceiving fricative/affricate distinction in Korean. In addition, the amplitude rise time and burst information appear to play secondary roles in perceiving the distinction by a series of perception tests.