• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.537-542
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• 2002

A study was conducted to evaluate the nutritive potential value of different aquatic plants: duckweed (Lemna trisulaca), duckweed (Lemna perpusila), azolla (Azolla pinnata) and water-hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) from Bangladesh. A wide variability in protein, mineral composition, gas production, microbial protein synthesis, rumen degradable nitrogen and in situ dry matter and crude protein degradability were recorded among species. Crude protein content ranged from 139 to 330 g/kg dry matter (DM). All species were relatively high in Ca, P, Na, content and very rich in K, Fe, Mg, Mn, Cu and Zn concentration. The rate of gas production was highest in azolla and lowest in water-hyacinth. A similar trend was observed with in situ DM degradability. Crude protein degradability was highest in duckweed. Microbial protein formation at 24 h incubation ranged from 38.6-47.2 mg and in vitro rumen degradable nitrogen between 31.5 and 48.4%. Based on the present findings it is concluded that aquatic species have potential as supplementary diet to livestock.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.54-58
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• 1998

Four introduced forage rape cultivars 'Akela', 'Ramon', 'Sparta', and 'Velox' and a leading rapeseed cultivar Hall-ayuchae were seeded on 1 October 1994 on 20-cm rows at seeding rates of 3, 5, 7, 10, 13, and IS kg/ha to select the best adapted forage rape cultivars and to determine the optimum seeding rate in the Cheju area. Days to flowering of each cultivar was not significantly affected by seeding rate. Average plant height increased from 151 to 164 cm as seeding rate increased from 3 to 10 kg/ha and then decreased to 156 cm at 15 kg/ha. Stem diameter linearly decreased with increasing seeding rate. The optimum seeding rate for the greatest dry matter and protein yields of five cultivars ranged from 10.7 to 11.8 and 10.8 to 14.4 kg/ha, respectively. Dry matter yields of five cultivars ranged from 7.72 and 22.01 Mg/ha. Sparta produced the greatest dry matter yield, followed by Akela, Ramon, Hallayuchae, and Velox. Crude protein yields of five cultivars ranged from 0.29 to 1.08 Mg/ha. Sparta produced the greatest crude protein yield, followed by Akela, Ramon, Velox, and Hallayuchae. As seeding rate increased, crude protein content linearly increased but crude fiber content linearly decreased. The forage cultivars had higher crude protein and lower crude fiber than the oilseed cultivar Hallayuchae. Our results demonstrate that Sparta was the best adapted cultivar to Cheju area and the optimum seeding rate for Sparta was about 10 kg/ha.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.61-64
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• 1974

Six kinds of wheat flour were used for the assessments of the content of crude protein and the valorimeter value of Farinograph. Results obtained from these assessments are as follows. 1. In the case of common wheat varieties, a great differences are understood between Korean wheat and American wheat. The content of crude protein is negatively correlated to the valorimeter value in Korean wheat variefies, but there is a proportional tendency in American wheat varieties. 2. In the case of American wheat varieties, distinct differences are recognized between common wheat and durum wheat. The content of crude protein is directly correlated to the valorimeter value in common wheat varieties, but there is no proportional tendency in durum wheat.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.71-82
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• 1969

The present investigations were carried out with the purpose of making clear the fundamental features of the seasonal variations in chemical composition of the brown algae. Three species of samples, Ecklonia cava, Sargassum sagamianum and Hizikia fusiforme have been analyzed monthly for their contents of total ash, crude protein, alginic acid, mannitol, and laminarin over a year period. Three kinds of samples were collected from the same locality, situated on the southern coast of the Che-ju Island, from September 1966 to August 1967. In addition, the comparative analysis was made on fronds and stipes of the plant for their chemical composition. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1, In general, the three species examined underwent a similar mode of seasonal variation, and no essential difference was detected among them. 2. The chemical composition of the plant exhibited a considerable difference between the species. The content of total ash in H. fusiforme was remarkably higher than those in the two other species respectively. The alginic acid content was relatively high in S. sagamianum and low in H. fusiforme. The contents of crude protein, mannitol and laminarin were appreciably high in E. cava and low in H. fusiforme in general. 3. The most outstanding feature in the seasonal variation was that, in general, the total ash, crude protein, and alginic acid contents were at a maximum in the winter months while laminarin and mannitol contents were at a minimum. The converse was true in summer. Total ash-Maximum values were observed from December to February and minimum from August till October. Crude Protein-All species exhibited maxima in January and February, and minima from August to October. Alginic acid-Maximum contents occured from January to March and minimum from September to November. Mannitol-The maximum content of mannitol was In May and lune and minimum in January, February and March. Leminerin-Maximum content was in September and October, and minimum in January and February. 4. The wide seasonal variation in chemical constitution occured in the fronds, but the stipes showed a slight seasonal variation. In the chemical composition, the stipe was high in alginic acid, low in mannitol and laminarin. The reverse was in the frond.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1993

The 1,081 soybean genotypes including 972 black soybeans and 109 other colored soybeans were collected in 197 locations from January to April, 1991. Seed chemical components of soybean collections in relation to growth characters were evaluated to survey germplasms for black soybean breeding for seed quality. Seeds of 1,081 genotypes collected were analyzed for crude protein, crude lipid, and total sugar contents. The crude protein content was averaged to 39.8% and ranged from 34.1% to 48.0%. The average crude lipid and total sugar contents were 20.1% and 10.1%, and the ranges of those were 14.1% to 23.8% and 8.3% to 12.1%, respectively. Higher crude protein content was shown in early soybean maturity group, whereas higher total sugar content was in late group. Black soybean collections with green seed embryo tended to be higher in total sugar content than those with yellow one. Black soybean oil is generally composed of about 22% oleic, 55% linoleic, 7% linolenic acid, and 16% the others.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.281-287
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• 1993

Rye stillage was adopted as a substrate for the production of yeast biomass by a thermotolerant yeast Candida rugosa isolated from East Africa. In the batch fermentation, the yield of biomass and crude protein reached 4.9-8.4g/l and 2.2-3.5g/l, respectively, the rate of COD reduction was about 20%. Over 90% amount of main components such as glycerol and lactic acid were assimilated, but protein assimilation reached only to 38-45% of the initial content. Crude protein content of the dry yeast biomass produced was 42-47% and sulfur-containing amino acid was revealed as limiting essential amino acid.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 1981

This experiments was carried out to evaluate the effect of nitrogen retention on different levels of crude protein intake according to live weight, and the crude protein and urea content in serum of the Korean native goat. The results obtained are as follows: 1. When the female goat at 8 months age (14kg) had taken nitrogen free diet, the content of endogenous urinary nitrogen was 1.29g and endogenous fecal nitrogen was 1.27g per day. Therefore, the goat needs minimum level of crude protein per day. 2. When the thermometer checked below-$10^{\circ}C$, the nitrogen retention rate showed minus reaction in spite of 20% crude protein level. This suggested that the low temperature was consumed higher energy to maintain the body. 3. The nitrogen retention rate of the pregnant female goat of 20kg live weight, however, decreased as compared with the growing goat and was 17~20%. 4. According to the levels of crude protein were lower, crude protein and urinary nitrogen contents in serum were greatly decreased.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.286-292
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• 1991

This study was carried out to investigate in influence of inoculation B. sp. and lime types on nutrient content of peanut seed, and the correlation between nutritient contents in seed and plant. 1. Inoculated B. sp., content of crude protein, phenylalanine, isoleucine, cystine, histidine, aspartic acid, serine, and alanine in seed were increased significantly, but that of crude fat was decreased. 2. The content of crude fat was the highest without lime, glutamic acid was the highest with calcium sulfate, valine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, aspartic acid, serine, glycine and alanine with slaked lime, and histidine with calcium carbonate. 3. The content of crude protein in seed was negatively correlated with that of crude fat. The contents of chlorophyll, allantoin, ammonia, free amino acid, T-N, $P_2O_5$, and CaO in leaf at 100 days after sowing were positively correlated with the content of crude protein and various kinds of amino acid in seed, but negatively with the content of crude fat. The content of nitrate in leaf at 100 days after sowing showed the result of contrary tendency.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.684-691
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• 2016

In this study, we analyzed the biochemical factors in lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) leaf, stem, and yeonjabang and their effects on serum factor levels in mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet. The loutus leaf showed $9.47{\pm}0.30%$ moisture content, $8.25{\pm}0.39%$ ash, $21.45{\pm}1.25%$ crude protein, and $2.21{\pm}0.13%$ crude fat content; the lotus stem showed $11.84{\pm}0.43%$ moisture, $10.21{\pm}0.64%$ ash, $17.55{\pm}0.92%$ crude protein, and $4.16{\pm}0.23%$ crude fat content; and the lotus yeonjabang showed $11.86{\pm}0.50%$ moisture, $6.81{\pm}0.51%$ ash, $18.71{\pm}1.02%$ crude protein, and $3.95{\pm}0.15%$ crude fat. Blood triglyceride levels were higher in the HF group ($146.43{\pm}38.81mg/dL$), and lower in the HF+yeonjabang groups ($98.00{\pm}17.18mg/dL$). In particular, blood triglyceride levels were significantly lower in the groups that had 10% dry yeonjabang powder added to the high-fat diet. The inclusion of excessive high-fat diet increased concentrations of serum insulin and leptin. Serum leptin concentrations were highest in the HF group mice ($3.00{\pm}1.35ng/dL$), whereas they were significantly lower in the HF+yeonjabang groups by $1.34{\pm}0.52ng/dL$ (p<0.05). Thus, addition of dry yeonjabang powder to the high-fat diet was more effective in regulating the levels of serum triglycerides and leptin in mice. Additional studies would help in the development of yeonjabang as a functional food.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.481-486
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• 1994

The effect of neutralization of urea-treated rice straw with sulfuric acid was investigated. Long-cut (15-20 cm) and short-cut (2-3 cm) rice straw were treated with 6% urea for 21 days, and the treated straw was mixed with an acid-molasses solution to neutralize free ammonia and kept airtightly in a plastic bag for 24 hours. The neutralized and non-neutralized straw were dried and subjected to chemical analysis and in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility determination. The in vitro DM digestibility as well as crude protein (CP) content were remarkably improved by neutralization. Short-cutting of the straw before treatment gave a better result than the long-cut samples. Neutralization with sulfuric acid also affected the chemical composition and increased sulfur content of samples. The CP thus fixed by neutralization was proven to be kept stable for 3 months, and in vitro DM digestibility was not affected by the storing period.