• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.84-92
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• 2008

Russula rosacea, one of edible and medicinal mushroom belonging Agaricales of Basidiomycota, has been known to have good inhibitory effects on sarcoma 180 and Ehrlich carcinoma of mice. Neutral saline soluble (0.9% NaCl), hot water soluble and methanol soluble substances (hereinafter referred to Fr. NaCl, Fr. HW and Fr. MeOH, respectively) were extracted from fruiting body of the mushroom. In vitro cytotoxicity tests, crude polysaccharides were not cytotoxic against cancer cell lines such as Sarcoma 180, HepG2, HT-29 and NIH3T3 at the concentration of $10{\sim}2000\;{\mu}g/ml$. Intraperitoneal injection with crude polysaccharides exhibited life prolongation effect of $21.4{\sim}45%$ in mice previously inoculated with Sarcoma 180. Fr. HW improved the immuno-potentiation activity of B lymphocyte by increasing the alkaline phosphatase activity by 6.8 fold compared with control at the concentration of $500\;{\mu}g/ml$. In case of Fr. NaCl, the numbers of peritoneal exudate cells and circulating leukocytes were increased by 6 and 2.6 folds at the concentration of 50 mg/kg, respectively. Therefore, the antitumor effect against mice Sarcoma 180 by Russula rosacea could be due to immunomodulating activity.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2007

Armillaria tabescens, one of edible and medicinal mushrooms belonging to Agaricales of Basidiomycota, has been known to have outstanding curative effects on chronic hepatitis and cholecystitis and inhibitory effects on the sarcoma 180 and Erhrlich carcinoma of mice. Neutral saline soluble (0.9% NaCl), hot water soluble and methanol soluble substances (hereinafter referred to Fr, NaCl, Fr. HW and Fr, MeOH, respectively) were extracted from fruiting body of the mushroom. In vitro cytotoxicity tests showed that crude polysaccharides were not cytotoxic against cancer cell lines such as NIH3T3 and Sarcoma 180 at the concentration of $2000\;{\mu}g/ml$. Intraperitoneal injection with crude polysaccharides exhibited life prolongation effect of $28.8{\sim}46.5%$ in mice inoculated with Sarcoma 180, respectively. Fr. NaCl improved the immunopotentiation activity of B lymphocyte by increasing the alkaline phosphatase activity by $1.8{\sim}2.1$ folds, respectively. In case of Fr, NaCl, the numbers of peritoneal exudate cells and circulating leukocytes were increased by 9 and 1.9 folds, respectively.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.688-696
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• 2017

In this study, the physicochemical properties and anti-wrinkle effect of polysaccharides with different molecular weights from Gloiopeltis furcata were investigated. Crude polysaccharides were isolated by viscozyme treatment followed by ethanol precipitation and lyophilization. Crude polysaccharides were hydrolyzed by acid (0.1 N HCl) and the molecular weight fractions were generated by centrifugal filter (<10 kDa, 10 to 100 kDa, and 100 kDa>). The yield of polysaccharides with different molecular weight fractions was 8.4-39.6%. The major constituents in molecular weight fractions were total sugar (81.37-85.82%), uronic acid (27.89-32.85 g/100 g), sulfate (33.38-39.04%), and protein (0.35-3.16%) The L, a, and b value of the 100 kDa group were decreased, but viscosity increased. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity of the 100 kDa group at $180.07{\mu}M$ was the highest among groups. The protective effects of 100 kDa group at 0.5 and $5{\mu}g/mL$ against $H_2O_2$-induced cytotoxicity in L132 cell were 87.34% and 103.85%, respectively. The matrix metalloproteinase-1 activity of 100 kDa group decreased in a dose-dependent manner. The pro-collagen synthesis activity of 100 kDa group at $0.05-0.5{\mu}g/mL$ was 64.91-77.80%. The polysaccharides with different molecular weights from Gloiopeltis furcata investigated herein are useful as a potential candidate for cosmedical materials.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 1980

To investigate constituents of Russula pseudodelica Lange and Microporus affinis(Blume et Nees) Kuntze, quantitative analyses of free and total amino acids were carried out with G. L.C. and an amino acid autoanalyzer. Polysaccharides of the two mushrooms were extracted with hot water and the filtrate was concentrated. The addition of three volumes of ethanol to the concentrate formed precipitation of crude polysaccharides which were analyzed by G.L.C. and H.P.L.C. Sixteen amino acids and four monosaccharides were identified in the protein-bound poly­saccharides of the two mushrooms. The polysaccharides of M. affinis showed antineoplastic activity against sarcoma 180 implanted in mice.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1386-1391
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• 2009

Crude polysaccharides from rapeseed meal (PRM) were extracted with 0.3% NaOH aqueous solution, followed by further purifications and 2 fractions, namely PRM1 and PRM2, were separated with a DEAE-cellulose DE-52 column. Their primary compositions were analysed and antioxidant activity was determined, including scavenging activity toward superoxide anion radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and nitric oxide radicals, reducing power, and inhibitory effects against the microsomal lipid peroxidation, compared to that of L-ascorbic acid. The results indicated that PRM1 and PRM2 exhibited not only good reducing power and inhibitory effects on the microsomal lipid peroxidation, but also strong scavenging activity toward superoxide anion radicals, nitric oxide radicals, and hydroxyl radicals. In addition, positive correlations were also observed between the superoxide anion radical scavenging activity and the protein contents of the polysaccharides, and the reducing power and the sulfate contents. These findings thus clearly suggest the polysaccharides possess direct and potent antioxidant activity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.1236-1242
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• 1998

Korean Lentinus edodes SR-1 was cultured to multiply the mycelia in the complete broth medium (C/N=13.1) for mushroom, and protein-bound polysaccharides were extracted from the cultured broth containing mycelia (The whole cultured broth was used to increase the yields: 80% of protein-bound polysaccharides were existed at the cell wall of mycelia and 20% of those were secreted extracellularily in this culture). Protein-bound polysaccharides in the cultured broth containing mycelia were extracted by using three different methods: 1) Extraction with hot water, 2) Disintegration of cell wall by glass bead mill treatment before extraction with hot water, and 3) Cellulase treatment before extraction with hot water. The highest yield was obtained (930 mg polysaccharides/100 mL culture broth) when protein-bound polysaccharides were extracted with 2) method. The extracted crude protein-bound polysaccharides were purified using protease, DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100. The growth inhibition activity for $P_{388}$, mouse leukemic cell, increased (53.7, 62.2, 93.7% and 97.4%) as the purification level increased. Protein-bound polysaccharides contained 46.1% of polysaccharides, 7.3% of protein, and trace amounts of minerals. Polysaccharides contained glucose, galactose, xylose and mannose. The content of proline and glycine were high, however, methionine and leucine were not found. The major minerals were Na, K, Zn, and Ca.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.43-43
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• 2000

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.91-104
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• 1984

This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of nonstarchy polysaccharides in Korean ginseng, (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer). The results obtained are as follows. 1. The total sugar content of ginseng roots were decreased with increasing the cultural period. On the other hand, the crude fiber content was increased with that of the ginseng leaves or stems. But the crude fiber in root was much less than that of leaves and stems. 2. The dietary fiber content of ginseng root on 5 years old was 14.20% as neutral detergent fiber, 9.08% as acid detergent fiber, hemicellulose 5.12%, cellulose 7.98% and lignin of 1.10%, respectively. 3. Much more pectin was found in ginseng roots which was cultivated for shooter Period. And it was contained much more in the root than in the leaves and stems. 4. ginseng hemicellulose content in root was 5% to 10%. It was decreased with increasing: cultivated period. Hemicellulose was constituted of xylose, arabinose, glucose, rhamnose and xylose of these sugars was the predominant. 5. X-ray diffraction Pattern of ginseng cellulose showed maximum intensity at tile interplanar angle of 4.1$^{\circ}$.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.256-262
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• 2022

Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer is well known as traditional herbal medicine, and ginseng berries are known to exhibit potential immune-enhancing functions. However, little is known about the in vivo immunomodulatory activity of Korean ginseng berries. In this study, crude Korean ginseng berries polysaccharides (GBP) were isolated and their immunomodulatory activities were investigated using cyclophosphamide (CY)-induced immunosuppressive BALB/c mice. In CY-treated mice, oral administration of GBP (50-500 mg/kg BW) remarkably increased their spleen sizes and spleen indices and activated NK cell activities. GBP also resulted in the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes (coordinating with ConA: plant mitogen which is known to stimulate T-cell or LPS: endotoxin which binds receptor complex in B cells to promote the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines) in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, GBP significantly stimulated mRNA expression levels of immune-associated genes including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in CY-treated mice. These results indicate that GBP is involved in immune effects against CY-induced immunosuppression. Thus, GBP could be developed as an immunomodulation agent for medicinal or functional food application.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.191-199
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• 2015

To elucidate the immuno-stimulatory activity of traditional fermented vinegar, six kinds of crude polysaccharides were isolated from traditional fermented vinegars manufactured with different raw materials in domestic or foreign countries, after which their chemical properties and immuno-stimulatory activities were evaluated. Of the six samples, three kinds of crude polysaccharides prepared from Korean brown rice vinegar (KBV-0), Japanese brown rice vinegar (JBV-0), and Korean persimmon vinegar (KPV-0) showed higher yields and interleukin (IL)-6 production by macrophages and were thus selected for further study. Anti-complementary activities of KBV-0, KPV-0, and JBV-0 increased dose-dependently. KBV-0 and KPV-0 showed higher anti-complementary activities ($ITCH_{50}$ 62 and 65%) than JBV-0 at $1,000{\mu}g/mL$. KBV-0, KPV-0, and JBV-0 did not affect growth of peritoneal macrophages at a dose of 1.6 to $1,000{\mu}g/mL$, where as they significantly augmented production of IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-${\alpha}$ in a dose-dependent manner. However, immuno-stimulatory activity of KPV-0 was the most potent among the tested polysaccharides. These results suggest that Korean fermented vinegars contain selected polysaccharides that confer immuno-stimulatory activities beneficial to human health.