• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different nitrogen levels on the yield and nutrient quality of a newly developed domestic hybrid of Teosinte, Geukdong 6〔Zea mays L. subsp. mexicana (Schrad.) H. H. Iltis〕. The field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replicates and consisted of four nitrogen (N) application rates, T1 (200 kg/ha), T2 (300 kg/ha), T3 (400 kg/ha), and T4 (500 kg/ha). No differences were found in plant length, leaf length, leaf width, leaf number, dead leaves, stem hardness, tiller number, and fresh yield (p>0.05). The T3 showed significantly greater dry matter yield at harvest (heading stage) compared to the other treatments (p<0.05). The crude protein content of T4 (10.49%) was higher than those of T1 and T2 (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between T4 (10.49%) and T3 (9.63%). The effects on crude fat, crude ash, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and crude fiber were not significant (p>0.05). The sugar content was higher in the T2 treatment than the other treatments (p<0.05). For Ca, T3 showed significantly greater content (p<0.05). However, no significant effects were found in the contents of Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, and Zn (p>0.05). Na content was higher in order of T2 > T4 > T3 > T1 (p<0.05). Total mineral contents were not significantly different among the treatments (p>0.05). Given these results, we recommend the amount of nitrogen fertilization necessary for "Geukdong 6" to be around 400 kg per ha (T3), when considering, high fresh yield, dry matter yield, number of leaves and content of crude protein.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.1150-1169
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• 2023

Edible insects are gaining popularity as a potential future food source because of their high protein content and efficient use of space. Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are noteworthy because they can be used as feed for various animals including reptiles, dogs, fish, chickens, and pigs. However, if the edible insect industry is to advance, we should use automation to reduce labor and increase production. Consequently, there is a growing demand for sensing technologies that can automate the evaluation of insect quality. This study used short-wave infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral imaging to predict the proximate composition of dried BSFL, including moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, and crude ash content. The larvae were dried at various temperatures and times, and images were captured using an SWIR camera. A partial least-squares regression (PLSR) model was developed to predict the proximate content. The SWIR-based hyperspectral camera accurately predicted the proximate composition of BSFL from the best preprocessing model; moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, and crude ash content were predicted with high accuracy, with R² values of 0.89 or more, and root mean square error of prediction values were within 2%. Among preprocessing methods, mean normalization and max normalization methods were effective in proximate prediction models. Therefore, SWIR-based hyperspectral cameras can be used to create automated quality management systems for BSFL.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.246-251
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• 1999

The purposed of this study was to investigate the efficient recycling of food waste according to the restaurants type. To the investigated of characteristic of food wastes in different types of restaurants we were collected the sample of 60 as Korean 35 Chinese 10 Japanese 5 Western 5 Flour 5 in Swoon. The average water content of food waste was 79.9% and Korean restaurant was 80.3% which was hig-her than that of any other serving type. On the examination of a organic matter content of food waste according to the season crude fiber was higher in may and July crude protein content was higher in January and march than that other seasons. The average pH of food waste was 4,74 C/N ratio was 15.8 and the average cation content was K 0.57% Ca 0.39% Mg 0.22% NaCl 3.36% respectively The aver-age concentration of Fe, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, Cd Ni were 154.37 mg/kg 24.79 mg/kg 0.27 mg/kg 5.63 mg/kg 5.49 mg/kg, 0.31mg/kg 1.07mg/kg respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.107-114
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• 1997

Various fractions of apple fibers such as crude pulp, total dietary fiber, soluble dietary fiber, and insoluble dietary fiber were prepared and added to the proteose peptone-yeast extract-fildes (PYF) media to see their effects on the growth of type cultures of intestinal bacteria. Most microbes tested in this experiment grew well in PYF media with the soluble dietary fiber of apple than with the insoluble dietary fiber. Especially Bifidobacterium species such as B. adolescentis, B. animalis, B. infantis, B. longum, B. thermophilum showed higher growth in PYF media containing the soluble dietary fiber than other fiber fractions. However, pectin-added media didn't promote the growth of most microbes used in the experiment. In the in vitro mixed culture using rat feces as starter, the addition of the soluble dietary fiber or pectin to the basal medium showed larger proportion of Bifidobacterium species in total bacteria than that of glucose.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1427-1432
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• 2015

The experiment was conducted to determine nutritive values of caramba (Lolium multiflorum cv. caramba) fresh, silage and hay by in vivo and in vitro methods. There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.01) in crude protein content value between fresh caramba (12.83%) and silage (8.91%) and hay (6.35%). According to results of experiment, the crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin contents of the three forms of caramba varied between 30.22% to 35.06%, 57.41% to 63.70%, 35.32% to 43.29%, and 5.55% to 8.86% respectively. There were no significant differences between the three forms of caramba in digestibility of nutrients and in vivo metabolizable energy (ME) values (p>0.05). However, the highest $ME_{CN}$ (ME was estimated using crude nutrients) and $ME_{ADF}$ values were found in fresh caramba (p<0.01). As a result, it could be said that, there were no differences between the three forms of caramba in nutrient composition, digestibility and ME value, besides drying and ensiling did not affect digestibility of hay. Consequently, caramba either as fresh, silage or hay is a good alternative source of forage for ruminants.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.274-278
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• 1995

This experiment was conducted to know what does the cutting date have an effect on the chemical composition and nutritive yield of Miscanthus sinensis, in order to determine the optimum cutting date of the plant when it is utilized as roughage. Miscanthus sinensis growing natively in the summit of Sam Ak mountain(550m above sea level) was cut at 10 days intervals from 25 July to 15 October, 1988. Plant length and dry matter contents were generally increased with delayed cutting date. Crude protein contents of the plant cut on 5, 15, and 25 of September were 5.5, 5.2 and 5.1%, respectively. Cmde fiber contents was similar with cutting treatment and averaged 35.6%. Cmde protein yield was higher in September than in other cutting date. Yield of crude fiber were 8.3, 9.3 and 9.3t/ha on 5, 15 and 25 September, respectively. Ratio of Cmde protein yield to Crude fiber yield on 5 September tended to be higher than on 15 September and 25 September. These results suggest that the optimum cutting date of the Miscanthus sinensis for good quality forage seems early September.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.52-59
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• 1999

The present study was conducted to evaluate the dietary fiber intake of 130 subjects, that included 49 subjects(29 form Wonju, 20 from Kangnung) with diabetes mellitus, 23 hyperlipidemia patients, and 58 normal subjects. After the type and amount of foods that a subject took for one day were investigated using the 24-h recall method, the intake of various nutrients and dietary fiber were calculated using a program that already contained the information on dietary fiber contents. The results showed that diabetics from Kangnung who did not undergo dietary therapy had more fat intake that those from Wonju, hyperlipidemia patients, and normal subjects thus, had more energy intake. Also, the crude fiber intake in male and female diabetics from Kangnung were 8.43${\pm}$3.47g and 3.35${\pm}$3.29g, respectively, showing significantly high amounts compared to those of male and female diabetics from Wonju, hyperlipidemia patients, and normal subjects; however, the intake of crude fiber per 1,000 kcal in males and females was not significantly different among the four groups. Also, the dietary fiber intake(14.8-19.8g/day) and the dietary fiber intake per energy unit(7.7-10.9g/1,000kcal) were not significantly different between the four groups. The dietary fiber intakes of diabetics and hyperlipidemia patients were not significantly different from those in normal subjects, and these amounts were significantly lower than recommended levels. Thus, the methods of increasing dietary fiber intake, such as developing low-calorie, high-dietary fiber foods or additives, needs to be researched.

• Plant Resources
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 2003

To determine as optimal sowing time of forage rape in spring time in southern areas of Korea, forage rape cv. Velox, the highest yielding variety among introduced varieties of forage rape, was grown under five different sowing times. Yield components such as plant length, number of branches and number of leaves etc. were higher at the sowing time of Mar. 15 and Mar. 25. The plants sown at Mar. 15 and Mar. 25 also showed highest fresh and dry matter yield. When plants were grown under later sowing time, they showed higher values in content of crude protein and lower values in contents of crude fiber such as Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), cellulose and lignin. There was no relationship between variation of In Vitro Dry matter Digestibility (IVDMD) and sowing time. The plants sown at Mar. 15 and Mar. 25 showed highest digestible dry matter yields.

• Plant Resources
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.170-173
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• 2004

To determine optimal plant density of forage rye in southern areas of Korea, forage rye cv. Paldanghomil, the highest yielding variety among experimental varieties of forage rye, was grown under five different plant density. Yield components such as plant height, and number of leaves were highest at the broad casting. Plants sown at broadcasting also showed highest fresh and dry matter yield. When plants were grown of the broad casting, they showed higher values in content of crude protein and lower values in contents of crude fiber such as neutral detergent fiber(NDF), acid detergent fiber(ADF), cellulose and lignin. There was no relationship between variation of in vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD) and plant density. Plants sown at the broad casting showed highest digestible dry matter yields.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.1631-1634
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• 2011

This study was conducted to estimate the general components, minerals, and dietary fiber contents of Synurus deltoides. S. deltoides contained 81.1% moisture content, and the proportions of crude fat, crude protein, crude ash, and crude fiber were 0.3%, 4.2%, 2.6%, and 3.5%, respectively. Potassium (3,249.1 mg) was the most abundant component among the minerals in S. deltoides. In addition, S. deltoides contained many other minerals, e.g. calcium (854.8 mg), phosphorus (60.3 mg), magnesium (344.7 mg), sodium (57.3 mg), zinc (1.7 mg), iron (30.9 mg), copper (0.8 mg), and manganese (5.8 mg). Almost all of the mineral contents of S. deltoides were higher than those of Aster scaber and Ligularia fischeri, except for zinc, copper, and manganese. Total dietary fiber (TDF), insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), and soluble dietary fiber (SDF) contents of S. deltoides were 42.6 g, 37.9 g, and 4.7 g, respectively, and these were also higher than those of A. scaber and L. fischeri used in this study. These results suggest that S. deltoides may be a valuable nutrient source.