• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2010

The seed powder of Abrus precatorius L. has traditionally been used as oral contraceptive agent by the women in some rural areas in Bangladesh. The present study aimed to examine the antifertility activity of A. precatorius seed extracts in experimental female rats. Finely ground seeds were extracted with aqueous acetone followed by successive partitioning with n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), methanol (MeOH) and water. Water suspended crude seed powder, organic fractions of acetone extract and a standard contraceptive drug ($Nordette^{(R)}28$) were separately administered orally to the female rats for 30 days. n-Hexane, EtOAc and MeOH solubles at the doses of 2, 4 and 6 mg/rat/day, respectively and crude seed powder at 100 mg/rat/day exhibited 100% antifertility activity with lowest levels of serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and $17{\beta}$-estradiol. Histological study of ovary and uterus of these rats exhibited reduced number of developing follicles and increased number of atretic follicles in the ovary, and fewer uterine glands with shrunken morphology, reduced endometrial height, poor vascularity and compact stroma in uterus. However, the activities of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase and the body weight of the rats remained almost unaffected in all the seed extract treated rats compared to control. These results suggest that A. precatorius seed extracts reduced the levels of serum FSH, LH and $17{\beta}$-estradiol probably by affecting hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. The reduced levels of these hormones might have affected the oestrous cycle, follicular development, and subsequently the establishment of pregnancy in treated rats.

• 약학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.358-363
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• 2002

In Oriental medicine, the prescriptions composed of several herb medicines have been used. It is still unclear how the sum of several extracts of anti-thirst drugs represents the anti-lipid peroxidative action. Three anti-thirst herb medicines, Kalopanax pictus (K), Pueraria thunbergiana (P) and Rhus verniciflua (R), were extracted with MeOH and $H_2O$, respectively, and the former one was fractionated into the resultant EtOAc extract. Each extract was reconstituted to give KPR311, KPR131 and KPR113 where, for example, KPR311 represents the complex of K-P-R {3:1:1 (w/w/w)} of the three extracts. The order of the inhibitory effect in bromobenzene-induced lipid peroxidation in rats was as follows: EtOAc extract＞$H_2O$ extract＞MeOH extract. Extract complexes were found to be more potent than the extracts of individual crude drugs. The KPR131 of EtOAc extract was found to be the most potent among the tested samples. These anti-lipid peroxidative effects were also supported by the decrease of aniline hydroxylase activity and aminopyrine N-demethylase activity, on the other hand by the increase of epoxide hydrolase activity. All the tested samples were assayed in vitro antioxidative effects such as DPPH assay, ADP/NADPH/Fe$^{3+}$ assay and ascorbic acid/Fe$^{2+}$ assay. The EtOAc extracts also showed the most significant antioxidative effects. These results suggest that the sum of anti-thirst drugs could reflect the effects of respective crude drugs.s.s.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.154-159
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• 1995

Inhibition of xanthine oxidase by tea extracts obtained from non-fermented tea(steamed green tea and roasted green tea), semi-fermented tea(oolong tea) and fermented tea(black tea) were investigated. The crude catechin fraciton had a hgher inhibitory effect against xanthine oxidase, and the effect was increased with the addition of tea extracts. Their inhibitory effect were hardly influenced until extracted three times with hot water. According to the investigation of catechins in the crude catechin fraction obtained from tea extracts, (-)-epicatechin-(EC), (-)-epicatechin gallate(ECg). (-)-epigallocatechin(EGC) and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate(EGCg) were 80.1$\mu\textrm{g}$/mg 113.5$\mu\textrm{g}$ /mg, 186.3$\mu\textrm{g}$/mg and 367.7$\mu\textrm{g}$/mg in steamed green tea, and 75.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/mg, 114.7$\mu\textrm{g}$/mg, 193.7 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mg and 381.9$\mu\textrm{g}$/mg in roasted green tea, and 69.4$\mu\textrm{g}$/mg, 110.0$\mu\textrm{g}$/mg, 127.1$\mu\textrm{g}$.mg and 464.9$\mu\textrm{g}$/mg in oolong tea, and 78.1$\mu\textrm{g}$/mg, 171.8$\mu\textrm{g}$/mg, 80.7$\mu\textrm{g}$/mg and 51.4$\mu\textrm{g}$/mg in black tea, respectively. Order of the content of these catechins was (-)-EGCg>(-)-EGC>(-)-ECg>(-)-EC in steamed green tea, roasted green tea and oolong tea, and was (-)-ECg>(-)-EGC>(-)-EC>(-)-EGCg in black tea. Also the concentration of catechins was hardly influeced until extracted three times. The inhibition ratio of xanthine oxidase by autherntic catechins was hardly influenced until extracted three times. The inhibition ratio of xanthine oxidase by authentic catechins was 94.9% and 87.6% by addition of 5.0$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of (-)-EGCg and (-)-ECg, respectively. the inhibitors of xanthine oxidase were supposed to be due to (-)-ECg and (-)-EGCg in tea polyphenol compounds.

• 생약학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.293-304
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• 1994

In order to estimate accurate originality of the important crude drugs, Gastrodia, Dendrobium, Bletilla and Cremastra spp. were investigated comparing their morphological, anatomical and physicochemical characteristics and antibacterial, antifungal activities. The results of the studies as follows: 1. In morphological and anatomical studies, Korean Gastrodia contained more mucilage duct and symbiotic fungi than imported Gastrodia. Korean Dendrobium contained starch grains but without starch grains in the imported Dendrobium from China enclosed with thicken silicified wall. The corm of Cremasta appendiculata contained raphides of bundles with mucilage while the bulbs of Tulipa edulis contained several various starch grains form. 2. In physiological and TLC analysis, crude drugs in Orchidaceae contained common constituents with fluorescence and much mucilage. 3. The EtOH extracts of Gastrodia, Dendrobium, Bletilla, Cremastra showed antibacterial activities against B. subtilis and E. coli (Dendrobium>Gastrodia>Bletilla>Cremastra). But, no antifungal activities against C. albicans, A. niger were observed.

• 생약학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.131-137
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• 1997

The aqueous and methanolic extracts of 110 crude drugs were screened for hyaluronidase inhibitory activity using a microplate assay. Among them, MeOH extract of 15 crude drugs inhibited more than 80% of hyauluronidase activity at the concentration of 5mg/ml. The active principles of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, Rhei Rhizoma, Ephedrae Herba, Pteropi Faeces and Ginseng Radix alba were transferred into organic solvents.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1998년도 Proceedings of UNESCO-internetwork Cooperative Regional Seminar and Workshop on Bioassay Guided Isolation of Bioactive Substances from Natural Products and Microbial Products
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• pp.188-188
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• 1998

Extracts of 24 edible vegetables were tested concerning their action on in vitro inhibition on dopamine ${\beta}$-hydroxylase (DBH) and monoamine oxidase (MAO). All vegetables were purchased in Korean market and their common names were kept. Radish sprouts, ‘kkoch-na-mul’, ‘chong-gyong-chae’, ragwort, applemint showed strong DBH inhibitory effect when tyramine and crude bovine adrenal DBH were used as substrate and enzyme, respectively. ‘Cham-chwi’(Aster scaber), kale, ‘cham-na-mul’(Pimpinella brachycarpa), leek were found to have MAO-A inhibitory effect with serotonin and crude rat brain MAO-A. Lettuce, ‘chong-gyong-chae’, radish sprouts, beet leaves were found to have MAO-B inhibitory effect with benzyl amine and crude rat liver MAO-B.

• 한국가정과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.31-46
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological functionality of Coriolus versicolor Quel (CV) and Ganoderma IUCIdum (Fr.)Karst (GL) by estimate the proximate composition and content of antioxidant components. 1. In the physicochemical property. the content of proximate composition of GL was higher 08.28% of moisture, 10.3% of crude protein, 78.4% of crude fiber) than that of CV, but the content of crude lipid and ashes of GL was higher than that of CV. 2. CV had relatively higher content of antioxidant components such as total phenol, carotenoids and v itamin C. than GL did. Antioxidant mineral components such as magnesium and zinc also had relatively higher in CV than in GL. 3. TBA value, conjugated diene production, LDL oxidation, DPPH of methanol extracts in CV and GL were as high as a-Tocopherol.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.266-271
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• 2008

In this study, Jeolpyon(imprinted with flow patterns) was prepared with different amount of added Astragalus membranaceu extracts(0%, 3%, 6%, 9% and l2%)and then the quality and sensory characteristic effects were examined. All togather the chemical composition of the samples was as follows: $53.l2{\pm}0.04%$ of moisture, $l4.43{\pm}0.05$ crude protein, $7.6l{\pm}0.11%$ crude fat, and $21.35{\pm}0.09%$ crude ash. Hardness and cohesiveness significantly increased(p <0.001), and springiness, chewiness and adhesiveness decreased, with increasing amounts of Astragalus membranaceus extract. In the chromaticity analysis, the L-value(brightness)significantly decreased with increasing Astragalus membranaceus extract content, and the b-value(yellowness) increased in direct proportion to the extract content. Finally, in the sensory evaluation, the Jeolpyon containing 9.0% extract received the highest overall preference scores.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.160-168
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• 1995

Desmutagenicities against 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4, 5-b] pyridine(PhIP) and 2-amino-3, 8-dimethylimidazo[4, 5-f]quinoxaline(MelQx) of tea extracts (steamed green tea, roasted green tea, oolong tea and black tea) were investigated. All the fractions obtained from tea extracts showed strong desmutagenic activity against PhIP and MeIQx toward S. typhimurium TA 98 in the presence of the S-9 mix. The crude catechin fraction exhibited the strongest desmutagenic activity. Among these tea extracts, black tea especially exhibited the strongest desmutagenic activity and the activity was 70.9~91.0% against PhIP and 92.2~98.8% against MelQx at a concentration(0.5~1.0mg/plate) for drinking. The activity of authentic catechins of (-)-EGC, (-)-EGCg, (-)-ECg and (-)-EC were 79.5%, 60.2%, 46.1% and 43.5% against PhIP, and were 52.3%, 11.6%, 8.2% and 22.1% against MelQx by addition of 1.0mg/plate, respectively. The desmutagenic activity was supposedly due to the (-)-EGCg, (-)-EGC and (-)-EC in tea polyphenols, and the browning materials. The desmutagenicity was stronger when mutagens were preincubated with S-9 mix after reaciton with black tea extracts than when preincubated with them after reaction with S-9 mix. The desmutagenicity of tea extracts was rather expressed by reacting directly with mutagens than by deactivating the activated forms of mutagens.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2022

This study assessed the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of leaf extracts from grain amaranths (Amaranthus spp.). Among all the extracts, the ethanol extract of Amaranthus cruentus leaves (Ar) exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, including the DPPH free radical scavenging activity and ORAC. In addition, Ar strongly inhibited nitric oxide production by suppressing the MEK/ERK signaling pathway in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264 murine macrophages. HPLC analysis revealed 13 polyphenolic compounds in the leaf extracts of grain amaranth and indicated that Ar contained more rutin than the other extracts. Taken together, these results show the impact of species diversity on the phytochemical contents and bioactivities of plant extracts and suggest that the nonedible parts, such as leaves, of A. cruentus should be considered for use as crude drugs and dietary health supplements.