• 제목/요약/키워드: crown density

검색결과 184건 처리시간 0.031초

Distribution and habitat use of the endangered Siberian flying squirrel Pteromys volans (Rodentia: Sciuridae)

  • Lim, Sang Jin;Kim, Ki Yoon;Kim, Eui Kyeong;Han, Chang Wook;Park, Yung Chul
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • 제45권4호
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    • pp.163-169
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    • 2021
  • Background: Understanding the habitat characteristics of the endangered Siberian flying squirrel Pteromys volans is the first step in conserving and managing the forests it requires for nesting, gliding, and feeding. Therefore, in the present study, we characterized the habitats of P. volans using GIS analysis of 411 forest sites in South Korea where fecal droppings were found. Results: Fecal signs of P. volans were found in various regions in South Korea, including the Baekdudaegan Mountains. GIS analysis with six environmental layers (vegetation type, wood-age class, diameter at breast height [DBH], crown density, elevation, and distance from stream) revealed that fecal signs of P. volans were more frequently found in broad-leaved deciduous forests (42%) located 200-399 m above sea level (43.1%) and 0-199 m from the nearest stream (53%), with 5th class wood-age (35.3%), middle size class DBH (51.1%), and high crown density (71%). Conclusions: The present study provides information on the biotic and abiotic characteristics of P. volans habitats. In South Korea, the fecal droppings of P. volans were found predominantly old deciduous broadleaf forests. Further studies are needed to reveal whether the more frequent occurrence of P. volans dropping in broadleaf forests may be due to a particular preference of this species for the forests or to a simple reflection of the area of the broadleaf forests occupying a much larger area than other forest types in Korea.

한국산 Agrobacterium plasmid의 유전학적 성상에 관한 연구 (Comparative Genetic Characterization of Plasmids of Agrobacterium Species Isolated in Korea)

  • 김정희;구용범;이기영;정재규
    • Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.41-48
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    • 1984
  • 한국형 Agrobacterium tumefaciens의 분리 및 tumor inducing ($T_1$) plasmid의 유전적 특성을 비교 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. Agrobacterium군은 사과나무($A_1-A_3$), 미류나무($W_1{\sim}W_6$), 은사씨나무($P_1-P_3$) 및 장미($R_1$)의 crown gall tumor에서 도합 13종을 분리하였으며 각 군의 plasmid를 관찰한 결과 ATCC 15955보다 $P_1$$A_2$가 크기가 컸으며 $W_2$, $W_3$, $W_6$$P_3$는 작았으며 각균의 tumor 유도는 해바라기에 ATCC 15955와 Korean type $W_2$ ($KW_2$)을 접종한 것에서만 각각 접종 4주 및 6주만에 crown gall을 관찰하였다. 아울러 두균종의 $T_1$ plasmid($pT_1$)를 정제하여 몇종의 게한효소를 처리 하였으며 $pT_i$ ATCC 15955와 $pT_1KW_2$는 EcoR I 처리로 25개 및 27개의 band를, Hind III로 23개와 21개, BamH I으로 각각 20개 및 Hpa I으로 12개 및 27개의 band를 관찰하였으며 크기는 $pT_i$ ATCC 15955가 200 kbases(kb)로 $pT_1KW_2$가 87 kb로 관찰 되었다. 아울러 cctopine은 $W_1-W_6$$P_1-P_3$균에 의한 tumor조직에서 관찰 되었고 이들균을 octopine type균으로 사료 되었다.

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Corrosion Characteristics of Welding Zone by Types of Repair Welding Filler Metals and Post Weld Heat Treatment

  • Lee, Sung-Yul;Moon, Kyung-Man;Lee, Yeon-Chang;Kim, Yun-Hae;Jeong, Jae-Hyun
    • International Journal of Ocean System Engineering
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    • 제2권4호
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    • pp.209-213
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    • 2012
  • Recently, the fuel using in the diesel engines of marine ships has been changed to a low quality of heavy oil because of the steady increase in the price of oil. Therefore, the wear and corrosion in all parts of the engine such as the cylinder liner, piston crown, and spindle and seat ring of exhaust valves has correspondingly increased. The repair welding of a piston crown is a unique method for prolonging its lifetime from an economic point of view. In this case, filler metals with a high corrosion and wear resistance are mainly being used for repair welding. However, often at a job site on a ship, a piston crown is actually welded with mild filler metals. Therefore, in this study, mild filler metals such as CSF350H, E8000B2, and 435 were welded to SS401 steel as the base metal, and the corrosion properties of the weld metals with and without post weld heat treatment were investigated using some electrochemical methods in a 0.1% $H_2SO_4$ solution. The weld metal welded with CSF350H filler metal exhibited the best corrosion resistance among these filler metals, irrespective of the heat treatment. However, the weld metal zones of the E8000B2 and 435 filler metals exhibited better and worse corrosion resistance with the heat treatment, respectively. As a result, it is suggested that in the case of repair welding with CSF350H and 435 filler metals, no heat treatment is advisable, while heat treatment is desirable if E8000B2filler metal is used with repair welding.

붉은고로쇠나무 자생지와 조림지에서의 생장특성에 관한 연구 (Comparison of Growth Characteristics on Acer mono for. rubripes in Natural and Artificial Stand)

  • 윤준혁;권수덕;문현식
    • 농업생명과학연구
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    • 제45권2호
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    • pp.51-59
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    • 2011
  • 붉은고로쇠나무의 적정 식재밀도와 대체조림수로서의 적정 조림시기를 위한 기초 자료를 제공하기 위해 천연림과 조림지에서 생장인자분석과 흉고직경 10 cm 도달연수를 측정하였다. 천연림에서 흉고직경은 수관폭과 높은 상관관계(E-W: r=0.82, S-N: r=0.76)를 나타내었고 조림지의 흉고직경과 수관폭도 높은 상관관계 (E-W: r=0.76, S-N: r=0.90)를 나타내었다. 천연림에서 흉고직경 10cm에 도달하는 평균연수는 $21.1{\pm}7.0$년, 조림지에서는 $9.2{\pm}1.3$년으로 측정되어 최초 수액채취가 가능한 시기는 인공조림시 천연갱신을 통해 형성된 자생지 보다 약 2.3배 단축되는 것으로 나타났다.

최근 10년(2006~2015년) 동안 한라산 구상나무림의 공간분포변화 (Changes of Spatial Distribution of Korean fir Forest in Mt. Hallasan for the Past 10 Years(2006, 2015))

  • 김종갑;고정군;임형택;김동순
    • 한국환경생태학회지
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    • 제31권6호
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    • pp.549-556
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    • 2017
  • 최근 10년 동안 한라산 구상나무림의 공간분포변화를 알아보기 위해 2006년과 2015년의 분포면적, 수관밀도를 조사하고 해발고도, 방위 및 지역별 특성을 분석하였다. 2015년 구상나무림의 전체 면적은 626.0ha로 조사되었는데, 2006년 738.3ha에 비해 10년 동안 15.2%에 해당되는 112.3ha가 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 구상나무의 수관밀도가 41~70%에 해당되는 중밀도의 면적은 10년 동안 72.6ha가 감소하였고, 71% 이상의 조밀한 구상나무림도 21.3ha가 감소된 것으로 나타났다. 해발고도에 따라서는 1,510~1,600m 구간에서 전체 감소면적의 32.6%를 차지하여 가장 많은 변화를 보였다. 방위별로는 남동쪽이 23.4ha가 감소하였으며, 동쪽을 중심으로 남동과 북동의 면적 변화가 전체 면적의 55.5%인 62.3ha가 줄어든 것으로 나타났다. 지역별 구상나무림의 분포 변화는 진달래밭에서 정상에 이르는 지역이 전체 감소면적인 117.9ha중 71.8%에 해당되는 84.6ha가 감소하였으며, 영실등산로일대가 21.5%인 25.3ha, 큰두레왓일대는 6.8%인 8.0ha가 줄어든 반면 방애오름일대는 5.6ha가 증가된 것으로 분석되었다. 이들 구상나무림의 면적 감소는 해발고도, 방위 및 지역별 변화 상황을 고려하면 태풍, 가뭄 등의 이상기후의 증가가 주요 요인이 되어 한라산 특정 지역을 중심으로 크게 발생된 것으로 보인다.

자기유변유체 연마공정을 응용한 미세부품의 형상가공 (Farbrication of Repeated 3D Shapes using Magnetorheological Fluid Polishing)

  • 김용재;민병권;이상조;석종원
    • 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.1265-1268
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    • 2005
  • Due to the increase of the need for reliable high density information storage devices, the demand for precise machining of the slider in HDD is rapidly growing. The present fabrication process of slider bears some serious problems such as low yield ratio in mass production, which is mainly caused by inefficient machining processes in shaping camber and crown on the slider. In order to increase slider yield ratio in HDD, a new systematic machining process is proposed and developed in this work. This new machining process includes the use of magnetorheological (MR) fluid, a smart polishing material generally used for ultra-fine surface finishing of micro structures. It is shown that the process proposed in this work enables to make camber and crown pattern in the scale of few tens of nanometers. Experiment results shows that the MR polishing can be also used for shaping process of micro structures.

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신문에 끼워진 상업용 전단지의 특성 (제2보) - 발행업종별 전단지의 물리 및 강도적 성질 - (Characteristics of Commercial Leaflets Sandwiched in Newspaper (Part 2) - Physical and Strength Properties of Leaflets According to Business -)

  • 윤승락
    • 펄프종이기술
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    • 제47권5호
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    • pp.43-51
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    • 2015
  • This research was performed to investigate the quality of leaflets provided with newspapers. The leaflets were classified according to business types and regions. The physical and strength properties were analyzed. The sizes of leaflets were 2, 4, 8 jeoljis of crown octavo, A3, A4, A5, and B3, B4, B5. Most of them were color printed and both-sides printing was much more popular than one-side printing. The leaflets about electronics, educations, and clothing showed lower density than restaurant business and other areas. The leaflets of electronics, educations, and clothing, and large stores showed lower tensile strength, and those of restaurant businesses and building trades showed relatively high tensile strengths. No differences on the quality of leaflets except for large stores were found according to business areas. Large markets made the leaflets with various types of papers, and low quality papers were also included.

Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Density Functional Theory Investigation for Thiacalix[4]biscrown and its Complexes with Alkali-Metal Cations

  • Hong, Joo-Yeon;Lee, Che-Wook;Ham, Si-Hyun
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제31권2호
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    • pp.453-456
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    • 2010
  • The structural and energetic preferences of thiacalix[4]biscrown-5 with and without alkali metal ions ($Na^+$, $K^+$, $Rb^+$, and $Cs^+$) have been theoretically investigated for the first time using molecular dynamic (MD) simulations and density functional theory (MPWB1K/6-31G(d)//B3LYP/6-31G(d)) methods. The formation of the metal ion complex by the host is mainly driven by the electrostatic attraction between crown-5 oxygens and a cation together with the minor contribution of the cation-$\pi$ interaction between two facing phenyl rings around the cation. The computed binding energies and the atomic charge distribution analysis for the metal binding complexes indicate the selectivity toward a potassium ion. The theoretical results herein explain the experimentally observed extractability order by this host towards various alkali metal ions. The physical nature and the driving forces for cation recognition by this host are discussed in detail.

양황철나무의 재질(材質) (I) 용적밀도수(容積密度數), 목섬유(木纖維)치수 및 잎옹이 분포수(分布數)의 간내변수(幹內變數) - (Wood Quality of Populus nigra × maxmowiczii. (I) - Variation of Bulk Density, Wood Fiber Dimension, Microfibril Angle, and Number of Leaf Knot within Stem -)

  • 박상진;강선구;이기영;조재명
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • 제18권3호
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    • pp.26-33
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    • 1990
  • To study the wood quality factors of Populus nigra $\times$ maxmowiczii known a rapidly growing species, the variations of green moisture contents, bulk density, wood fibre dimensions, microfibril angles, and number of leaf knot in stem wood were investigated. The heartwood contained a higher moisture content than the corresponding sapwood. Bulk density in radial patterns variations decrease outward from the pith, then increase toward the bark. The wood-fiber length and diameters had somewhat smaller values than on Populus alba $\times$ glandulosa or Populus euramericana. The microfibril angles decreased rapidly toward the outside, and their mean values were about 16 degree. The grain angles run nearly parallel to the cell axies. Number of leaf knot showed a fluctural change above ground level to a point near the base of the crown and then increased rapidly to the top of tree and average number of leaf knot varied exclusively from tree to tree.

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지리산(智異山) 구상나무임분(林分)의 식생구조(植生構造)와 치수(稚樹) 발생(發生) 및 생육(生育) 동태(動態) (Vegetation Structure, Regeneration Niche, and Dynamics of the Saplings in Abies koreana Forest of the Mt. Chiri)

  • 정재민;이수원;이강영
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제85권1호
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    • pp.34-43
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    • 1996
  • 본(本) 연구(硏究)는 지리산(智異山)의 아고산대(亞高山帶)에 분포(分布)하고 있는 구상나무 임분(林分)에 대한 식생구조(植生構造)와 상층(上層)의 피도(被度)에 따른 유묘(幼苗)와 치수(稚樹)의 발생(發生)과 생육동태(生育動態)를 조사(調査)하였다. 구상나무 임분(林分)의 밀도(密度)는 상층(上層)보다 중층(中層)에서 높게 나타났으나, 평균면속(平均面續), 개체간(個體間)의 거리(距離)에서는 상층(上層)이 높았으며, 그리고 상층(上層)은 규칙분포(規則分布)를 하고 있었다. 상층(上層)의 피도(被度)에 따른 유묘(幼苗)와 치수(稚樹)의 발생밀도(發生密度)는 25% 내외(內外)의 약도(弱度)에서 가장 높았고, 다음은 50% 내외(內外)의 중용도(中庸度), 임분(林分)의 측방순(側方順)이였으며, 75% 내외의 강도(强度) 임분(林分)에서는 가장 낮았다. 그리고 치수(稚樹)의 연년생장량(連年生長量)과 최근 5년간(年間)의 생장량(生長量)은 측방(側方)의 임분(林分)에서 가장 양호(良好)하였으며, 상층(上層)의 울폐도(鬱閉度)가 높아질수록 점차 저하(低下)되였다. 상층(上層)의 피도(被度)가 낮은 임분(林分)에서는 10-20년생(年生)의 치수(稚樹)가 많았고, 상층(上層)의 피도(被度)가 높은 임분(林分)에서는 20-30년생(年生) 치수(稚樹)가 많았다. 상층임분(上層林分)의 측방(側方)에서 정상적으로 생장(生長)하는 A형(型)은 임내(林內)의 울폐도(鬱閉度)가 증가(增加)할수록 극히 감소(減少)하였고, 반면 피압(被壓)에 의한 생장(生長)이 억제(抑制)되거나 중지(中止)된 D, E형(型)의 출현율(出現率)은 급격히 높아졌다. 이상의 결과(結果)에서 상층목(上層木)의 측방(側方) 또는 gap에서는 정상적으로 자라 원추형(圓錐型)의 수형(樹形)을 나타내고 있었으나, 상층목(上層木)의 피도(被度)가 높아질수록 치수(稚樹)는 피압(被壓)되어 가지의 간격이 좁고 정단부(頂端部)의 생장(生長)이 억제(抑制)된 산형(傘型)의 치수(稚樹)가 증가(增加)되고 있었다.

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