• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.407-420
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• 1988

제1 대구치까지 맹출완료된 정상군(109명 : 남자65명, 여자44명)과 밀집군 (85명 : 남자 42명, 여자43명)의 치열모형상에서 치아폭경을 계측하여 남녀간, 그리고 밀집군과 정상군간에 상악 및 하악의 영구 절치의 근원심 폭경합과 상악 및 하악의 편측 영구 견치 및 소구치의 근원심 폭경 합의 관계를 연구하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 정상군과 밀집군에서 상악 및 하악의 영구 절치의 근원심 폭경 합에 대한 상악 및 하악의 편측 영구 견치 및 소구치의 근원심 폭경합의 비율은 남여간에 유의한 차가 없었다. 하악 영구 절치의 근원심 폭경합에 대한 하악의 편측 영구 견치 및 소구치의 근원심 폭경합의 비율은 정상군과 밀집군간에 유의한 차가 없으나 상악의 편측 영구 견치 및 소구치의 근원심 폭경합의 비율은 두 군간에 유의한 차가 있었다. 상악 영구 절치의 근원심 폭경합에 대한 상악 및 하악의 편측 영구 견치 및 소구치의 근원심 폭경합의 비율은 정상군과 밀집군간에 유의한 차가 있었다. 정상군과 밀집군에서 상악 및 하악의 영구 절치의 근원심 폭경합을 이용하여 상악 및 하악의 편측 영구 견치 및 소구치의 근원심 폭경합에 대한 최소자승법에 의한 회귀방정식을 산출하고 각의 백분률표를 작성하였다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.39-65
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• 1979

The purpose of this study was to investigate the pattern of irregularities of teeth in various malocclusion groups. The subjects consist of 803 out-patients (355 males, and 448 females) in department of Orthodontics of S.N.U. Hospital, Yonsei University, and Kyunghi University Hospital. The results were as follows. 1. The proportions of subjects on the basis of Angle's Classification were 39.2% (42.2% male, and 57.8% fomale) in class I malocclusion, 29.0% (44.6% male, and 55.4% female) in class II. div. 1., 3.5%(46.4% male, and 53.6% female) in class II. div. 2., 28.3%(46.3% male, and 53.7% female) in class III. 2. Considering all the subjects, the percentage of teeth crowding was 67.8% (45.0% male, and 55.0% female). In class I malocclusion, the percentage of Crowding was 70.8%(43.5% male, and 56.5% female) with higher frequency in upper anterior teeth than in lower anterior. 3. The percentage of Maxillary anterior diastema was 25.6% (45.6% male, and 54.4% female) on the whole. In class II. div. 1. malocclusion, the percentage was 28.8% (46.3% male, and 53.7% female) and in class III, the percentage was 19.8% (46.7% male, and 53.3% female). Thus, frequency of maxillary anterior distema, was comparatively higher in class II. div. 1. than in class III. 4. The percentage of high canine was 25.1% (53.2% male, and 46.8% female) on the whole, and was 86.0% male and 76.6% female in right side, 73.0% male and 72.3% female in left side. In calss II. div. 2., the percentage was 53.6% (46.7% male, and 53.3% female ). In class II. div. 1., the percentage was 16.7% (46.2% male, and 53.8%) with higher frequency in class II. div.2. 5. The percentage of deep overbite was 23.0% (43. 2% male, and 56.8% female) on the whole. Ia class 11. div. 2., and in clas sll. div. 1., its were 89.3%(48.0% male and 52.0% female), 54.5% (40.9% male, and 59.1% female) respectively. This result can be considered as one of the characterics of Angle's class 11 malocclusion group. 6. The percentage of spacing was 23.0% (36.8% male, and 63.2% female) on the whole, In class II. div. 1., and in class II. div. 2., its were 26.1% (44.3% male, and 55. 7% female), 7.1% (50.0% male, and 50.0% female) respectively. 7. The percentage of open bite was 14.3% (42.6% male, and 57.4% female) on the whole with higher rate on the anterior part. It rated 17.6%(50. 0% male, and 50.0% female) in class III, but none in class II. div. 2. 8. The percentage of crossbite was 22.5% (55.8% male, and 44.2% female) on the whole, with higher frequency on the anterior part than on the posterior part. In Angle's class III, it rated as much as 55.1% (57.6% male, and 42.4% female). 9. The percentage of edge-to-edge bite was 20.4% (47.6% male, and 52.4% female) with higher frequency on anterior part than on posterior part. 10. The percentage of irregularities of teeth in various malocclusion groups, was 21.5% (24.8% maxillary, and 18.1% mandible) in crowding, 20.8% (23.5% maxillary, and 18.0% mandible) in rotation, 10.7% (10.6% maxillary, and 10.8% mandible) in cross bite, 9.5% (11.8% maxillary, and 7.3% mandible) in spacing, 8.5% (8.5% maxillary, and 8.5% mandible) in edge-to-edge bite, 8.1% (8.3% maxillary, 7.8% mandible) in open bite. Crowding teeth, spacing teeth, and rotating teeh were more prevalent in anterior part than in posterior part. Cross bite teeth and edge-to-edge bite teeth were more prevalent in class III malocclusion than in another.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.510-521
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• 2006

본 연구는 총생에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요소가 무엇인지 알아보기 위해 시행하였으며 총생군 50명(남녀 각 25명)과 정상 교합군 40명(남녀 각 20명)에서 상하악 모형을 제작하여 이를 3D model로 변환하였으며 컴퓨터 상에서 치아의 근원심폭경과 악궁의 길이 변연길이, 견치간 폭경, 구치간 폭경을 계측 및 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 치아크기 분석시 상악에서는 측절치와 제1,2소구치에서 총생군의 치아가 더 크게 나타났으며(P<0.05) 나머지 치아의 크기 및 치아크기합계에서는 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 2. 하악에서는 중절치와 견치 및 제 1,2 소구치의 크기 그리고 치아크기합계에서 군간에 차이가 관찰되었다(P<0.05). 3. 악궁에 대한 평가시 상악에서는 악궁 변연길이와 구치간 폭경은 총생군에서 더 작았고 견치간 폭경은 총생군에서 더 컸으며 (P<0.05), 악궁의 장경에 있어서는 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 4. 하악에서는 악궁 변연길이는 총생군에서 더 작았으나(P<0.05), 악궁의 장경 및 구치간 폭경, 견치간 폭경에서는 차이가 인정되지 않았다(P>0.05). 5. ALD와 각 변수간의 상관관계를 분석한 결과 상악에서는 악궁 변연길이와$({\gamma}=-0.348)$ 구치간 폭경 $({\gamma}=-0.343)$, 소구치크기와$({\gamma}=-0.335)$ 비교적 높은 상관관계를 보였고 하악에서는 치아크기합계를$({\gamma}=-0.454)$ 비롯한 모든 치아크기와 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 6. 석고모형 계측치와 삼차원모형 계측치를 비교한 결과 석고모형에 비해 삼차원모형 계측치가 좀더 크게 계측되었으며 (P<0.05), 오차의 범위는 0.01-0.47mm이었다. 7 검사자내의 오차를 분석하기 위해 상관분석을 시행한 결과 석고모형 계측시 보다 삼차원모형 계측치의 재현도가 높음을 알 수 있었다(P<0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼때, 총생이 존재할 때 상악에서는 큰 치아와 좁은 악궁이 복합적으로 기여하며 하악에서는 치아 크기가 더 중요한 요소로 작용하는 것으로 생각된다. 또한 본 연구에서 사용된 삼차원모형은 현재 적절하게 사용가능하지만 향후 개선 보완이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2006

한국의 일반 성인과 교정환자 중 총생이 있는 사람의 치아크기와 치열궁 크기를 알아보기 위하여 경북 K대학 남녀학생 40명과 경북소재 E치과병원에 내원한 42명을 대상으로 치아크기,치열궁 폭경과 장경을 측정하여 비교하였다. 1. K 대학 학생의 치관의 근원심경은 상악 중절치, 상악 제2소구치, 하악 견치, 하악 제1대구치를 제외하고 모두 Wheeler의 치아크기 수치보다 컸다. 2. 정상군(noncrowded dentition group)의 치아크기는 남성군이 여성군보다 상하악 치아가 모두 컸다. 총생군(crowded dentition group)의 경우, 일반적으로 남성의 치아가 여성보다 컸으나, 상악 제 1 소구치, 하악 측절치, 하악 제 1소구치와 제 2소구치는 여성이 커다. 또한 정상군과 총생군과의 치아크기는 남녀 모두 총생군의 치아가 정상군보다 컸다. 3. 남성의 상악치아 근원심경 크기는 총생군이 정상군보다 치아크기가 컸고, 특히 제 2소구치는 0.65 mm의 편차를 나타내어 유의수준 P < 0.05에서 통계적인 유의성을 나타내었다. 남성의 상악 치열궁 폭경(arch width)과 장경(arch length)은 총생군이 정상군보다 0.38 mm, 0.62 mm각각 작게 나타내었다. 4. 남성의 하악 근원심경 크기는 총생군이 정상군보다 제1대구치를 제외하고 모두 컸으나, 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 하악의 치열궁 폭경은 총생군이 정상군보다 4.78mm의 작았으며 p < 0.01수준에서 통계적 유의성을 보였고, 치열궁 장경은 총생남성군이 정상남성군보다 2.08 mm가 작아 p < 0.05에서 통계적 유의성을 보였다. 특히 악궁의 크기편차는 상악치열궁보다 하악치열궁에서 크게 나타났다. 5. 정상여성군과 총생여성군의 상악 근원심경 치아크기는 총생군이 정상군보다 컸으며, 특히 상악 제 2소구치는 p < 0.05에서 통계적 유의성을 보였다. 여성상악의 치열궁 폭경(arch width)은 총생군이 정상군보다 3.18 mm의 작았으며 p < 0.001수준에서 통계적 유의성을 보였고, 치열궁 장경(arch length)은 총생군이 정상군보다 0.51 mm가 작았다. 여성의 상악치열궁은 남성의 상악치열궁보다 장경이나 폭경이 모두 작았다. 6. 정상여성군과 총생여성군의 하악 근원심경 치아크기는 총 생군이 정상군보다 모두 컸으며, 특히 하악 중절치, 견치, 제2소구치는 p < 0.01에서 통계적 유의성을 보였다. 여성의 하악치열궁 폭경은 총생군이 정상군보다 1.13 mm의 작았으며, 치열궁 장경(arch length)은 총생군이 정상군보다 0.24 mm가 작았다. 여성의 하악치열궁은 남성의 하악치열궁보다 장경이나 폭경이 모두 작았다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.289-297
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• 1987

For the comparisons of dental archs and crowdings between musical wind instrument players groups and non-wind instrument players groups, 64 male wind instrument players and 31 non-wind instrument players group were selected. The results of the measurements were as follow. 1 Upper intercanine widths, upper basal arch widths, lower basal arch widths were statistically significant between musical wind instrument players groups (Class A, Class B) and non-wind musical instrument players group. 2 The mean value of upper intercanine width m Class A ($373{\pm}2.3mm$) was greater than than in Class B ($362{\pm}17mm$) and non-wind musical instrument players group($360{\pm}16mm$) 3 The mean value of lower basal arch width m Class B ($422{\pm}25mm$) was greater than that in non wind instrument players group ($395{\pm}28mm$). 4 The differences in the mean values of crowdings between Class A and Class Band non-wind instrument players group were not statistically significant.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.32-41
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• 2018

As the adult population continues to increase, orthodontic treatment for adult patients is becoming more common. This case report describes comprehensive orthodontic treatment of a middle-aged patient with closure of the extraction space without prosthetic restoration. A 55-year-old woman with her maxillary left first premolar extracted because of a periodontal problem, wanted to close the space with orthodontic treatment. Since she had generalized crowding and mild skeletal discrepancy, we planned comprehensive orthodontic treatment, including closure of the extraction space by protraction of the left maxillary molars using miniscrews and aesthetic alignment of anterior teeth. The total treatment period was 28 months. As a result of these treatments, the extraction space was successfully closed, good tooth alignment and satisfactory occlusion were achieved.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.356-364
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• 2006

Transverse mandibular deficiency has a many problem in growing patients. Therefore, Mandible symphysis widening is recommended. A new surgical technique has been developed to widen the mandible. The purpose of this study is to report the effect of mandibluar symphyseal distraction osteogenesis by use of bone-borne type distractor. The surgical procedure was accomplished under general anaesthesia with step-line osteotomy. Bone-borne type distractor was used to generally widen the mandible. The expansion achieved in the mandible was 8.31mm at the device, 6.32mm at the canines, 4.06mm at the first molars. The symphyseal distraction gaps were bridged by new bony regeneration. Mandibular symphseal distraction osteogenesis increased mandibular arch width, stabilized occlusion, and corrected dental crowding.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.79-84
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• 1984

The stability of teeth is an important measure of the periodontal health. This study was designed to determine if there was a relation between the patterns of disclusion and a tooth mobility. An evaluation was made on 117 persons with Angle's class I occlusion who were free from histories of orthodontics, removable or fixed prosthesis, and anterior crowding or open contacts. The results were as follows: 1. In this study, 17.52% of the subjects were exhibited canine protected occlusion. 2. In protrusive movements, 75.21% of the subjects were exhibited incisor guided occlusion and the subjects of canine guided occlusion was the smallest. 3. The canine tooth of mouths having canine-protected occlusions had slightly lower mean tooth mobility scores than the canine of mouths having group function occlsion, but there was no significances. 4. The tooth mobility score of central incisor had higher than that of lateral incisor.

• 대한견주관절학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한견주관절학회 2008년도 제16차 학술대회
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• pp.179-179
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• 2008

For a partial tear of the subscapularis tendon, the presenting technique requires only the anterior portal for preparing the footprint and suture management, as well as the subclavian portal for placing the suture anchor and suture hook without inserting a cannula. It provides both a good angle for anchor placement and sufficient space for managing the upper portion of a subscapularis tendon tear. A spinal needle was inserted through the subclavian portal in order to identify the appropriate angle for placing the suture anchor. A 3-mm incision was made for the subclavian portal and a biosuture anchor was placed on the footprint portion of the subscapularis tendon. In order to avoid crowding, each limb of both strands of the biosuture anchor were passed through the tendon- posteromedial side first, and anterolateral side second, using a switching technique with suture hook embedded with no.1 PDS. A suture tie was applied in a reverse sequence (the lateral strand first and the medial strand second) through the anterior cannula using a sliding technique.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.168-175
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• 2003

A new algorithm based on Genetic Algorithms is proposed f3r solving process optimization problems formulated in MINLP, GDP and hybrid MINLP/GDP. This work is focused especially on the design of the Genetic Algorithm suitable to handle disjunctive programming with the same level of MINLP handling capability. Hybridization with the Simulated Annealing is experimented and many heuristics are adopted. Real and binary coded Genetic Algorithm initiates the global search in the entire search space and at every stage Simulated Annealing makes the candidates to climb up the local hills. Multi-Niche Crowding method is adopted as the multimodal function optimization technique. and the adaptation of probabilistic parameters and dynamic penalty systems are also implemented. New strategies to take the logical variables and constraints into consideration are proposed, as well. Various test problems selected from many fields of process systems engineering are tried and satisfactory results are obtained.