• 한국안전학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.96-103
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• 2023

Generally, human stampedes and crowd collapses occur when people press against each other, causing falls that may result in death or injury. Particularly, crowd accidents have become increasingly common since the 1990s, with an average of 380 deaths annually. For instance, in Korea, a stampede occurred during the Itaewon Halloween festival on October 29, 2022, when several people crowded onto a narrow, downhill road, which was 45 meters long and between 3.2 and 4 meters wide. Precisely, this stampede was primarily due to the excessive number of people relative to the road size. Essentially, stampedes can occur anywhere and at any time, not just at events, but also in other places where large crowds gather. More specifically, the likelihood of accidents increases when the crowd density exceeds a turbulence threshold of 5-6 /m². Meanwhile, festivals and events, which have become more frequent and are promoted through social media, garner people from near and far to a specific location. Besides, as cities grow, the number of people gathering in one place increases. While stampedes are rare, their impact is significant, and the uncertainty associated with them is high. Currently, there is no scientific system to analyze the risk of stampedes due to crowd concentration. Consequently, to prevent such accidents, it is essential to prepare for crowd disasters that reflect social changes and regional characteristics. Hence, this study proposes using digital topographic maps and crowd-density risk simulations to develop a 3D model of the region. Specifically, the crowd density simulation allows for an analysis of the density of people walking along specific paths, which enables the prediction of danger areas and the risk of crowding. By using the simulation method in this study, it is anticipated that safety measures can be rationally established for specific situations, such as local festivals, and preparations may be made for crowd accidents in downtown areas.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2023

On October 29, 2022, a very large number of people gathered in Itaewondong, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, Korea for a Halloween festival, and as crowds pushed through narrow alleys, 159 deaths and 195 injuries occurred, making it the largest crushing incident in Korea. There have been a number of stampede deaths where crowds gathered at large-scale festivals, event venues, and stadiums, both at home and abroad. When the density increases, the physical contact between bodies becomes very strong, and crowd turbulence occurs when the force of the crowd is suddenly added from one body to another; thus, the force is amplified and causes the crowd to behave like a mass of fluid. When crowd turbulence occurs, people cannot control themselves and are pushed into he crowd. To prevent a stampede accident, investigation and management of areas expected to be crowded and congested must be systematically conducted, and related ministries and local governments are planning to establish a crowd management system to prepare safety management measures to prevent accidents involving multiple crowds. In this study, based on national data, a continuous digital topographic map is modeled in 3D to analyze the risk of crowding and present a plan for selecting high-risk walking routes. Areas with a high risk of crowding are selected in advance based on various data (numerical data, floating population, and regional data) in a realistic and feasible way, and the analysis is based on the visible results from 3D modeling of the risk area. The study demonstrates that it is possible to prepare measures to prevent cluster accidents that can reflect the characteristics of the region.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.379-389
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• 2024

연구목적과 연구방법:다중운집행사는 예측할 수 없는 변수에 의해 돌발적인 사고로 이어질 수 있다. 대표적인 사례 중 10.29 이태원 사고에 주목하여 사고 발생 과정과 관련 법제 등의 분석을 통해 개선방안을 제시하고자 한다. 연구결과: 이태원 사고를 보면, '초고밀도 군집체류'로 인한 '군집파동현상'이 발생하였으며 이를 회피하려는 서로 다른 방향의 군집과 압력으로 인해 군집 내 약한 위치부터 군집 파괴가 발생했다. 다중운집행사 안전관리 관련 법제를 보면 다중운집 장소 및 유형에 따라 법 규정이 상이하다. 법 사각지대에 대한 보완적 성격의 접근으로 인해 동일 개념의 유사 용어의 사용 및 체계적이지 못한 법체계가 해석과 적용에 있어 불확실성을 가져온다. 결론: 군집밀도가 8명/m²에 이를 것으로 예상되거나 도달한 시점의 행사는 군중의 통제 및 현장관리가 이루어져야 하며, 관련 법제에 대한 통일적인 법제 적용을 통해 정합성을 유지해야 한다.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.158-170
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 오늘날 급변하는 사회 정서에 맞추어 사람들의 삶의 질 역시 향상되어 많은 사람들이 다양한 문화 향유의 욕구충족을 위해서 공연 및 행사장을 많이 찾는 현실적 추세에 따라 인명 피해 역시 발생하였으며 또한 피해가 우려되는 상황이다. 따라서 이에 대해 실태분석 및 대책을 마련 해보았다. 공연주최사 및 민간경비의 실태는 실무경험을 바탕으로 사실적으로 분석 파악하고 문제점을 진단하였으며, 공연장 안전관리를 위한 양측의 역할을 모색하고 관련기관과의 협력체계의 향상을 시키고자 함에 중점을 두었다. 따라서 실질적인 관람객의 안전보장을 고려하여 공연시작부터 끝나는 시점까지 안전을 위한 효과적인 대책 마련에 대한 각자의 역할을 모색하고 살펴보게 된다.