• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.180-182
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• 2007

PEMFC의 상용화 진입에 있어서 걸림돌 중의 하나가 열화(degradation)에 의한 성능감소이다. PEMFC 고분자 막의 열화가 PEMFC 성능 감소에 많은 영향을 미친다. 고분자 막의 성능 감소 원인은 여러가지가 있지만 무가습/OCV조건에서 성능 감소가 잘 된다. 그 이유에 대해서는 OCV/무가습 조건에서 과산화수소나 라디칼이 많이 형성될 수 있다는 것과, OCV조건에서 사용되지 못하는 수소와 산소의 gas-crossover 가 많기 때문이라는 것 그리고 무가습 조건에서 수소와 산소의 분압이 높아 gas-crossover 가 유리하고 악의 건조에 따른 물리적인 영향 등등이 거론되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 같은 조건에서 Cell 운전온도가 막열화에 미치는 영향을 실험하였다. OCV 여려 조건 에서 단위전지 실험을 한 후 I-V, 수소 투과도, 임피던스, FER(fluoride emission rate)등을 측정해 그 결과를 검토 분석하였다. OCV/Anode 무가습 조건이 알려진 대로 막열화 가속조건 이었음을 확인하였고, 실험 결과 Cell 운전온도가 $10^{\circ}C$증가 할 때마다 FER(fluroide emission rate)이 즉 막 열화속도가 약 2배정도 증가함을 보였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.1809-1814
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• 2003

Differential evolution (DE) algorithm is presented and applied to global optimization in this research. DE suggested initially fur the solution to Chebychev polynomial fitting problem is similar to genetic algorithm(GA) including crossover, mutation and selection process. However, differential evolution algorithm is simpler than GA because it uses a vector concept in populating process. And DE turns out to be converged faster than CA, since it employs the difference information as pseudo-sensitivity In this paper, a trial vector and its control parameters of DE are examined and unconstrained optimization problems of highly nonlinear multimodal functions are demonstrated. To illustrate the efficiency of DE, convergence rates and robustness of global optimization algorithms are compared with those of simple GA.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2011

This paper presents the steady-state performance analysis of the first stage of a multistage centrifugal pump, composed of a shrouded-impeller, a vaned-diffuser and a return-channel, using the commercially available computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, ANSYS CFX. The detailed flow fields in the vaned-diffuser with outlet in its side wall and the return-channel are investigated by the CFD code adopted in the present study. The effect of the vaned-diffuser with a downstream crossover bend and the corresponding return-channel on the overall hydrodynamic performance of the first stage pump has also been demonstrated over the normal operating conditions. The predicted hydrodynamics for the diffusing components herein could provide useful information to match the inlet blade angle of the next stage impeller for improving the multistage pump performances.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.129-137
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• 2006

The present work is attempt to evaluate the temperature dependence of blast furnace slag concrete(BFSC) based on the concrete strength cured with different curing temperatures and ages. A equivalent substitution index(ESI) was induced to explain temperature dependence of concrete quantitatively as well as concrete strength. The results from compressive strength showed substantial crossover effect. which is the phenomenon that the compressive strength cured at low temperature becomes stronger than the one cured at high temperature. The crossover effect found more definitely on BFSC than plain concrete.. The ESI became 1.1 and 1.0 for the BFSC cured at $20^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$ after age of 56 days, respectively. Which means that the contribution to strength development of blast furnace slag per unit mass is stronger than that of the Portland cement. It was considered therefore that the optimum curing temperature for BFSC is $20^{\circ}C$.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.948-953
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• 2002

The electronic expansion valve (EEV) may be used to control the refrigerant flow rate for the multi-type heat pump. Stepping motor driven EEV may precisely control the refrigerant flow rate to meet each internal load requirement. To control the EEV, PI algorithm may be used. But the hysteresis of EEV deteriorates the performance of superheat control. To reduce the performance degradation, the PI algorithm along with the dither signal may be used. The dither signal, with about 10 times higher frequency than the system crossover frequency and about 10 times larger magnitude than the deadband of hysteresis, was selected for the superheat control of EEV. Experimental results showed the improvement of EEV control by adding the dither signal to the PI algorithm.

• 청정기술
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2004

환경 친화적 대체 에너지로 연료전지가 많이 연구되고 있다. 그 중 높은 에너지밀도와 휴대성 때문에 직접 메탄올 연료전지(DMFC)에 대해 많은 관심을 가지고 연구중에 있다. 그러나 성능을 저하시키는 메탄올 crossover, 음극의 과전압 등과 같은 풀어야 할 문제들이 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제를 이해하기 위해 전기화학 반응식인 Tafel 식과 한계전류밀도식을 적용하여 전류-전압 곡선식을 해석적으로 구하였다. 운전변수를 변화시켜 해석적 해를 계산하여 DMFC의 거동을 분석하였다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.53-56
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• 2004

Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) is considered as a candidate technology for applications in stationary, transportation as well as electronic power generation purposes. To develop a high performance direct methanol fuel cell(DMFC), a competent electrolyte membrane is needed. The electrolyte membrane should be durable and methanol crossover must be low. One of the approaches to increase the stability of generally used polymer electrolyte membranes such as Nafion against swelling or thermal degradation is to bond it with an inorganic material physically or chemically. In Noritake Company, we have developed a novel method of reinforcing the polymer electrolyte matrix with inorganic fibers. Methanol crossover values measured were significantly lower than the original polymer electrolyte membranes. These fiber reinforced electrolyte membranes (FREM) were used for DMFC study and stable power output values as high 160 mW/$\textrm{cm}^2$ were measured. The details of the characteristics of the membranes as well as I-V data of fuel cell stacks are detailed in the paper.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.282-287
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• 2008

In distributed mobile robot systems, autonomous robots accomplish complicated tasks through intelligent cooperation with each other. This paper presents behavior learning and online distributed evolution for cooperative behavior of a group of autonomous robots. Learning and evolution capabilities are essential for a group of autonomous robots to adapt to unstructured environments. Behavior learning finds an optimal state-action mapping of a robot for a given operating condition. In behavior learning, a Q-learning algorithm is modified to handle delayed rewards in the distributed robot systems. A group of robots implements cooperative behaviors through communication with other robots. Individual robots improve the state-action mapping through online evolution with the crossover operator based on the Q-values and their update frequencies. A cooperative material search problem demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed behavior learning and online distributed evolution method for implementing cooperative behavior of a group of autonomous mobile robots.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.1211-1218
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• 2008

Maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) and restricted maximum likelihood estimator (REMLE) approaches are available in analyzing the linear mixed model (LMM) like bioequivalence trials. US FDA (2001) guides that REMLE may be useful to assess bioequivalence (BE) test. This paper studies the statistical behaviors of the methods in assessing BE tests when some of observations are missing at random. The simulation results show that the REMLE maintains the given nominal level well and the MLE gives a bit higher power. Considering the levels and the powers, the REMLE approach is recommended when the sample sizes are small to moderate and the MLE approach should be used when the sample size is greater than 30.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 ITC-CSCC -1
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• pp.375-378
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• 2000

This paper discusses on application of meta-heuristic algorithms such as the genetic algorithm (GA) and the simulated annealing (SA) to the LSI module placement. We propose useful crossover method for improving of searching capability in genetic algorithm. By using our proposed crossover method, we have been able to keep good schemata in the chromosome and the variety of the solution. From the experimental results, we have obtained better result than the simulated annealing method by starting from the initial placement of the min-cut method.