• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.48-63
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• 2013

계화기법(界畵技法)으로 그린 '전라구례오미동가도(全羅求禮五美洞家圖)'를 통해 운조루(雲鳥樓) 살림집의 공간배치계획과 경관 기법을 고찰한 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, '오미동가도'는 창건주 류이주(柳爾?)가 용천부사로 재임할 때(1782년) 설계도면을 보내 집을 짓게 하였다는 점, 정형화된 풍수적 사신사 구조의 자리잡기와 기본계획도 성격이 농후한 점, 그리고 합각지붕이 1804년에 솟을대문으로 중수되었다는 점 등을 고려하면 운조루 창건시기(1776~1783년)에 제작되었을 것으로 판단된다. 둘째, 운조루는 지리산 노고단(祖山)과 형제봉을 주산(主山)으로, 오봉산(案山)과 계족산(朝山)을 안대로 자리했는데, 동쪽으로 흐르는 동방천(外明堂水)을 표현하는 등 배산임수 풍수국면을 설득력 있게 표현하고 있다. 셋째, 운조루는 직교 축선에 위계를 설정하여 품(品) 자형 건물군이 5영역으로 분화된 구조인데, 바깥뜰 외원과 뒤뜰 후원을 갖춘 5동(棟) + 6마당(庭) + 2원(園)의 토지이용체계를 가진다. 넷째, 심미성과 풍수적 화기비보(火氣裨補)를 겸한 바깥뜰(외원)의 조성은 연못(방지원도형)을 중심으로 유교와 도교적 관념 등 상징적 경물(景物)을 대입시켜 지속 가능한 생태정원을 구축하고 있다. 다섯째, 사랑마당에는 화계(花階)와 화오(花塢)를 가꾸었고, 괴석, 학과 매화나무, 소나무, 위성류, 초화류 등 조경 요소를 활용하여 선경의 이상세계를 구축함은 물론 정심수를 도입하는 등 형이상학적 상징성을 엿볼 수 있다. 특히, 사랑채 누마루에서 조망되는 원경과 중경, 그리고 앙부(仰俯) 경관 등 자연의 경(景)이 내부로 관입되거나 외부로 확장되는 차경(借景)과 관경(觀景)의 미를 발견할 수 있다. 여섯째, 북쪽 담장 밖의 소나무 총림과 조산(造山)은 주거환경의 쾌적성 제고 측면은 물론 풍수적 채움의 미학이 고려된 전통조경기법 사례라 하겠다.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.46-67
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• 2014

국보 제285호 울주 대곡리 반구대 암각화 지역에서 새로이 확인된 공룡발자국 화석층의 퇴적특성과 고환경에 대한 연구를 바탕으로 이 화석층의 자연사적 가치를 분석하였다. 반구대 화석층은 전기백악기 말의 대구층에 해당하며, 연구지역의 화석층에서는 20여 개 층준에서 조각류 발자국 43개, 용각류 발자국 36개, 수각류 발자국 2개 등 80여 개의 공룡발자국이 확인되었다. 공룡발자국 화석층은 불규칙한 엽층리를 이루는 실트스톤과 이암의 교호층, 석회질의 사질 내지 실트질이암, 얇은층으로 발달한 응회질사암, 수평 내지 사엽층리가 발달한 사암, 얇은층 내지 중간층의 점이층리가 발달한 사암 등 5개의 퇴적상으로 구분되며, 이들 퇴적상은 충적평원의 층상범람퇴적층으로 해석된다. 이들 퇴적층에서는 다양한 형태의 연흔과 건열, 우흔, 무척추동물의 생흔 등이 관찰되며, 파랑연흔들의 연흔정선 방향이 분산되어 나타남이 특징이다. 공룡발자국은 성층면에서 진흔, 하흔, 상흔, 캐스트 등 다양한 상태로 나타나며, 퇴적층 단면에서는 눌림구조의 형태로 나타난다. 성층면에서 관찰되는 공룡발자국들의 보행방향은 특정 방향으로 편향되지 않고 분산되어 나타남이 특징이다. 반구대 암각화 지역에 공룡이 서식하였던 백악기 당시, 이 일대의 기후는 건기와 우기가 반복적으로 발달하는 아건조성의 기후 조건이었으며, 간헐적으로 오랜 가뭄이 발달한 것으로 해석된다. 공룡발자국은 우기 시의 범람 이후에 평원에 형성된 작고 얕은 웅덩이들 주변에 공룡들이 모여들면서 반복적으로 보존된 것으로 해석된다. 연구지역 퇴적암층 내에서의 공룡발자국 화석의 높은 산출빈도는 대곡천 일대에 분포하는 백악기 퇴적암층이 한반도 공룡시대의 고생태와 고환경을 이해하는 데에 매우 유용한 지질 및 고생물학적 기록임을 지시해주는 것으로, 반구대 암각화의 세계유산으로서의 가치 제고를 위해 대곡천 일대의 공룡발자국 화석층에 대한 보다 다각적이고 복합적인 퇴적지질 및 고생물학적 연구가 뒷받침되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.1-24
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• 1978

과맥의 조숙단간다수성 품종육성에 관한 기초자요를 얻고저 고맥에서 주로 교배모본으로 많이 사용되어온 애원과 001, 사국과 4002, 산수과, 영성과, 향천과 001, 장주백과, 백동, 청맥, 세도하다가, 목포 4002등 10품종을 1974연에 diallel cross하여 1975연부터 1976연까지 작물시험장 목포지장 시험포장에서 양친, F_1과 F_2를 재배하여 출수기, 간장 및 주당수량을 조사하여 그들의 유전율, 조합능역과 유전에 대하여 분석검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 광의의 유전율은 출수기, 간장 및 수량이 각각 0.7831, 0.7599, 0.6061로서 비교적 높았고 협의의 유전율은 출수기가 F_1에서는 0.3972, F_2에서는 0.7789였으며 간장은 F_1에서 0.6567, F_2에서 0.6414로 매우 높아서 초기세대에서 선발이 유효할 것이나 주당수량은 F_1이 0.3776, F_2에서 0.4170으로 비교적 낮았다. 2. 출수기에 대한 GCA는 F_1 및 F_2에서 애원과 001, 사국과 4002, 산수과, 영성과는 조생방향으로 기타품종은 만생방향으로 높았으며 F_1의 GCA는 F_2 보다 높았다. SCA는 사국과 4002$\times$목포 애원과 001\times산수과, 사국과 4002\times산수과, 사국과 4002\times영성과 조합은 F_1과 F_2에서 모두 조생 방향으로 높았다. 간장의 GCA는 F_1 및 F_2에서 모두 목포 4002, 영성과, 산수과, 사국과 4002는 단간방향으로 높았으며 기타품종은 장간방향으로 높았고 F_1의 GCA는 F_2보다 높았다. SCA는 가장 단간인 목포 4002와 애완과 001, 산수과 및 영성과와의 조합에서 단간방향으로 높았다. 4. GCA는 F_1 주당수량이 높은 백동, 향천과 001 산수과, 영성과, 사국과 4002등이 다수방향으로 높았고 기타품종은 저수방향으로 높았으며 F_1의 GCA는 F_2보다 다소켰다. SCA가 가장 큰 조합은 목포 4002를 편친으로 한 사국과 4002, 세도하다가, 청맥과의 조합이었다. 5. F_1 및 F_2의 평균출수기는 mid-parent보다 조생이였으며 F_1이 F_2보다 조생이었고 이러한 경향은 조생품종일수록 높고 만생품종일수록 낮았다. 6. 출수기의 유전은 조생방향으로 부분우성이며 대립유전자의 작용이 크고 품종간의 우열관계는 애원과 001, 사국과 42경, 향천과 001, 목포 4002가 다른 품종에 대하여 열성으로 나타났다. 7. F_2에서 출수기유전은 45조함중 33조함은 소수 유전자 개념으로는 설명할 수 없고 1개조함은 조생 대 만생이 3 : 1, 1개 조합은 만생 대 조생이 3 : 1 로 분리하며 4개 조합은 조생 대 만생이 9 : 7, 6개 조합은 만생 대 조생이 9 : 7로 분리하는 것으로 나타났다. 8. F_2에서 출수기에 대하여 조생개체의 초월분리가 많은 조합은 영성과\times백동, 애원과 001\times세도하다가. 산수과\times향천과 001, 애원과 001\times향천과 001, 사국과 4002, \times향천과 001, 향천과 001\times세도하다가, 애원과 001\times사국과 4003, 애원관 001\times영성과 등이였다. 9. F_1 및 F_2의 평균간장은 양친의 간장 범위내에서 mid-parent보다 F_1 및 F_2가 다소 큰 영향을 보였으며 이러한 경향은 단간품종에서 크고 장간품종에서 적었다. 10. 간장유전은 부분우성이며 대립유전자의 지배를 받고 상가적 유전자의 작용이 큰 것으로 나타났으며 극단간인 목포 4002는 열성, 장간인 백동은 우성인 것으로 나타났다. 11. 간長에 대한 $F_2에서의$ 분리양상을 보면 대부분의 조함에서 정규분포를 보여 유전자의 상가적작용이 클 것으로 보이며 단간 또는 장간으로 초월분리를 보인 조합이 많았다. 애원과 001, 사국과 4002, 영성과, 세도하다가 등의 중간\times중간조합에서 단간개체의 분리가 많았다. 12. F_1 및 F_2의 평균주당수양은 mid-paren에 비하여 F_1에서 6% F_2에서 5% 높았으며 주당수량이 많은 품종에서는 증수율이 낮고 주당수량이 적은 품종에서는 증수율이 높았다. 13. 주당수량에 대하여는 Wr, Vr graph에서 비대입유전자작용이 컷고 초월우성을 보였으며 품종간의 우열관계는 목포 4002의 저수성이 열성을 나타났으나 유전현상의 정확한 추정은 국난하였다.

• 한국인구학
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.54-66
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• 1988

I. Introduction Since the 1970's drug abuse among young people has increasingly become a social problem in Korea. In the 1980's, drug abuse, especially glue sniffing, has become the cause of many unfortunated incidents resulting in harm to others as well as the abusers themselves. Taking into consideration of the seriousness of this problem, the Republic of Korea National Red Cross initiated a nation-wide research programme, to understand the present situation and to raise the level of public awareness. The goal of this research was to begin a nation - wide campaign against drug abuse. The research team was composed of the Advisary Committee members and the staff of the Youth Department of the Republic of Korea National Red Cross. The data were collected in February 1988 with the collaboration of the staff and volunteers in the local Chapters. The respondents were allocated nation-wide by the quota sampling method. The questionnaires were distributed to the respondents in three groups :2, 700 to junior and senior high school students, 605 to working youths, and 916 to delinquent youths. A total of 4, 221 questionnaires were collected. II. Characteristics of the Respondents The respondents in each group were selected evenly from rural and urban areas. The general characteristics of the respondents can be described as follow: in case of students, the proportions between male and female respondents, and between senior high school and junior high school students were almost evenly distributed. In case of working youths, the proportion of females (80.5%) was higher than those of the students and the delinquents groups. Delinquent youths were defined as those currently being under custody of the centers for juvenile delinquents. Of this number, 38.8% and 68.2% were junior and senior high school drop-outs respectively. The majority of them (92.6%) were male. As for the family background of the respondents, the proportion of those residing in poverty - stricken areas, and the proportion of those from broken families were higher in case of working youths and delinquent youths than those in case of students. III. Present Patterns of Drug Abuse The following summarizes the presents of drug abuse, as tabulated from the results of the survey. 1. Smoking The percentage of youths who smoke was 36% in the student group, 32% m the working youths group, and 94.4% in the delinquent youths group. 2. Alcohol 50.3% of students, 71.6% of working youths, and 93.3% of delinquent youths has experienced drinking alcohol beverages. 3. Tonic: non - alcoholic, caffeinated beverages popular in Korea and Japan The percentage of those who have used tonic at least once was over 90% in all of the three groups. 4. Sedative About 70% of each group has used sedative with the proportion of working youths use higher than those in other groups. 5. Stimulants Those who have used stimulants comprised around 15% in each group. 6. Tranquilizers Somewhat less than 5% of students and working youths, and 28% of delinquent youths, have used tranquilizers. 7. Hypnotics The users of hypnotics amounted to 0.4% of students, 2.6% of working youths and 7.1% of delinquent youths. 8. Marihuana Those who have used marihuana indicated 0.7% of students, 0.8% of working youths, and 13% of delinquent youths. 9. Glue-sniffing The percentage of glue-sniffing was 3.7%, 5% in the students group and in the youths group respectively, but the proportion was unusually high, at 40.7% in the delinquent youths group. From the results of the survey the present situation of drug abuse in Korea can be summarized as follows: 1. A high percentage of Korean youths have experienced smoking cigarettes and drinking alcoholic beverages. 2. Tonics (non - alcoholic, caffeinated beverages), antipyretic analgesics and stimulants quite regularly used. 3. Tranquilizers, hypnotics, marihuana and glue-sniffing are more widely used among delinquent youths than the other youths. From this fact, there exists a correlation between drug abuse and juvenile delinquency. IV. Time-series Analysis of the First Experience of Drug Abuse and Deviant Behaviour The respoundents were asked when they were first exposed to drugs and when they committed deviant acts. By calculating the average age of each experience, the following pattern was found (See Figure 1). Youths are first exposed to drugs by abuse of tonic(non - alcoholic, caffeinated beverages). At the age of 13, they amoke cigarettes, the use of antipyretic analgesics begins at 14 year old, while at the age of 15, they use tranquilizers, and at 16 hynotics. The period of drug abuse which starts from drinking caffeinated beverages and smoking cigarettes and ends in the use of hypnotics takes about three years. During this period, other delinquent behaviours begin to surface, that is, at the age of 13 when smoking cigarettes begins, the delinquent behaviour pattern starts with truancy. Next, they start taking money from others by using physical force. Prior to the age of 15, they are suspended from school, become hostile to adults, begin running away from home, and start using stimulants and alcohol. Soon they become involved even in glue-sniffing and in the use of marihuana. At the age of 15, they begin to see adult videos and carry weapons. Sexual promiscuity and usage of tranquilizers follows the viewing of adult videos. Consequently, by the time they reach the age of 16, they visit drinking establishments, and are picked up by police for committing delinquent acts. And finally, they come to use hypnotic - type drugs. From the above descriptions, drug abuse can be assumed to have a close correlation with delinquent behaviour. V. Social Factors Related to Drug Abuse As for the Korean youths, glue-sniffing is found to he related to aggressive delinquency, in such cases as run - aways, being picked up by the police, and taking money by force. Smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol is found to be related to seeing adult videos and visiting drinking establishments. Hypnotics and marihuana were found to be representive of drugs which are related to degenerational delinquency, irrespective of social delinquency. The social factors connected with these drug abuse are as follows: 1. Individual factors Male students were more heavily involved in the usage of drug than females. Youths who do not attend church were more likely to be involved in drugs than those who attend. 2. Family factors The youths who were displeased with their mothers smoking and those who thought their parents did not love each other, or those whose parents had used drugs without prescription, were more likely to he drug users. 3. School factors Those youths who found school life boring, were unsuccessful in their studies, spend most of their time with friends, feel their teachers smoke too much, those who had a positive perception of their teachers smoking were likely to he drug users. To sum up, drug abusers depend on the influence of their parents, teachers and peers. IV. Reasons for Drug Abuse Korean students have mainly used drugs to release stress (42.8%), to stay awake (19.7%), and because of the easy accessibility of drugs( 16.6%). Other reasons are due to their ignorance of the side effects of the drugs (3.6%), natural curiosity (4.2%), and to increase strength(3.O%). From the above facts, the major reasons for drug abuse among Korean youths are to release stress and to stay awake in order to prepare exams. Furthermore, since drugs are readily available, we can conclude that drug abuse is caused by the school system(such as entrance exams) in Korea. VII. Conclusion Drug usage among Korean youths are relatively less common than those of western youths. In some cases, such as, glue-sniffing and use of stimulants, the pattern of drug abuse is found. Moreover, early drug abuse is evident, and it has a close connection with deviant behaviour, resulting in juvenile delinquency. Drug abuse cannot be attributed to any one social factor. Specifically, drug abuse depends on parents, peers, teachers and other members of the community, and also is influenced by social institutions such as the entrance exam system. Every person and organization concerned with youth must participate collectively in restraining drug abuse. Finally, it is suggested that social agencial working for youth welfare should make every effort to tackle this serious problem confronted by the Korean youths today.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
• /
• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
• /
• pp.17-17
• /
• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.31-71
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• 1968

수도원연품종간 교배육종에 있어서 지리적 생태품종 간의 잡종 초기 세대의 생육일수와 불임성의 변이에 관한 지견을 얻고자 대표적인 Indica와 Japonica 그리고 그중간형인 Beaumont 품종과 Ponlai등 7개 품종을 상호 교배하여 IRRI(북위 $14^{\circ}$17')에서 $F_1$ 을 10시간 및 14시간 조명하에서 $F_2$를 단일건계의 자연일장하에서 재배하고 수원(북위 $37^{\circ}$16')에서도 $F_1$을 10시간 및 자연일장하에, $F_2$ 및 $F_3$을 자연일장하에 각각 재배하고 출수일수 및 불임율을 조사 연구하였다. 1. 출수일수 : 1) $F_1$들은 10시간 단일하에서는 조생이 만생에 대해 우성 내지 초월성으로 나타났고 14시간 장일하에서는 우성 내지 불완전 우성으로 나타났는데 IRRI와 수원에서 모두 같았다. 2) IRRI에서 단일시기에 재배된 $F_2$는 조생이 만생에 대해 불완전우성이며 분리는 연속적이었다. 수원에서 조기재배된 $F_2$는 대부분의 조합에서 조생이 불완전우성이거나 중간성으로 적기 재배된 $F_2$는 대부분의 조합에서 만생이 불완전 우성이거나 중간성으로 나타났다. 3) 극단의 만생간의 조합에 있어서도 유효 출수 가능한 초월분리 개체가 있었다. 4) 기본영양생장성이 긴 품종들의 조합에서는 변이의 폭이 넓었고 신품종의 평균과 친계열평균 변이계수와에는 높은 상관이 있었다. 5) $F_1$이나 중간친으로 $F_2$집단의 평균 출수일수를 예측할수 있으며 $F_2$평균과 $F_3$계통 평균과에도 높은 상관이 있었으나 IRRI에서 재배된 $F_2$개체와 수원에서 재배된 $F_3$계통간의 상관은 없었다. 6) IRRI에서 재배된 $F_2$와 수원에서 재배된 $F_3$계통간에는 통계학적으로 조정된 heritability가 매우 낮아서 출수일수에 관한 선발의 효과는 단일감응성 품종에 대해서는 기대하기 어렵다. 7) $F_1$ 및 $F_2$의 평균 출수일수는 정역교배간에 차가 없거나 극소하였다. 8) 잡종의 단일감응성 측정치를 친계열별 평균과 이 평균으로 부터의 편차로 구분 계산하여 단일감응성에 기여하는 양친들의 효과에 따라 친품종을 감응성품종과 비감응성 품종을 구분 할 수 있었다. 9) 단일감응성은 $F_1$이 양친보다 높으며 $F_2$, $F_3$으로 세대가 진전함에 따라 낮아진다. 10) 온도차에 따른 $F_1$의 출수일수 반응은 양친품종보다 작으며 장일과 단일하에서의 온도반응의 차이는 품종에 따라 차이가 있었다. 2. 불임율 : 1) IRRI에서도 수원에서도 다같이 $F_1$의 불임은 조합에 따라 차가 크며 친품종의 불임율과 상관이 없었다. 또 10시간 단일하에서는 14시간 장일하에서 보다 불임율이 높았다. 2) $F_1$에서 불임이 높았던 조합이 $F_2$에서도 높았으며 단일감응성이 높은 품종과 고온감응성이 높은 품종간의 조합에서 불임이 높았고 그 분산의 폭도 넓었다. 3) $F_2$ 평균은 $F_1$보다 낮으며 $F_3$계통들의 평균은 $F_2$평균보다 낮아 세대가 진전됨에 따라 불임율이 낮아지며 $F_3$에서는 조합간의 차가 현저하지 못하게 되었다. 4) $F_2$에 있어서는 화분불임과 종실불임간에 상관이 미약하였다. 5) $F_1$과 $F_2$평균의 불임율에는 정역교배간에 차가 없었다. 6) 잡종 불임을 잡종강세에서와 같이 Griffing의 방법에 따라 조합 능력 검정을 한 결과 SCA 효과는 GCA효과보다 컸는데 SCA효과가 특히 큰 것은 감광성이 높은 품종과 감온성이 높은 품종간의 조합들이였다. 7) IRRI에서 재배된 $F_2$와 수원에서 재배된 $F_3$과에는 불임에 관해 상관이 낮으며 $F_3$에서는 $F_2$에서보다 불임율이 낮아졌다. 8) $F_2$에 있어서 출수일수와 불임율과에는 상관이 거의 없었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제15권
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• pp.1-31
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• 1974

소맥의 조숙품종육성을 위하여는 춘파성품종의 조숙인자를 추파성품종에 도입하는 것이 중요한 과제이므로 춘추파성 소맥품종의 일장과 온도조건에 따른 출수반응 및 출수기를 지배하는 생리적 요인의 구명과 출수기의 유전에 관한 지견을 얻고저 본실험을 실시하였다. 수원 작물시험장 전작포장 및 온실에서 1970년부터 조숙품종 Yecora F70, 중숙품종 수계 169호, 육성 003 만숙품종 장광, Bezostaia, Sturdy, Blueboy 등 8개품종을 상호교배하여 1972년부터 1973년에 온실 및 초자실을 이용하여 양친과 Diallel cross F$_1$을 고온장일, 고온단일, 저온장일, 저온단일의 4처리조건 및 포장조건에서 3조합의 F$_1$, F$_2$, BC$_1$, BC$_2$ 및 양친들은 고온단일조건에서 F$_1$, F$_2$ 9조합 및 그 양친은 포장에서 각각 재배 실험하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 춘화 처리후의 주요엽수는 일장 및 온도조건에 관계없이 일정하였으나 주간의 출엽속도에만 영향을 주었으며 춘파성품종은 추파성품종보다 주간엽수가 적었다. 2. 지엽전개일수의 일장 및 온도반응은 출수속도에 의하여 결정되며 일장과 온도에 따른 출엽속도의 차이는 하위엽보다 상위엽에서 컸다. 3. 춘화처리후의 출수기에 대한 생리적 요인은 일장반응과 순수조만생이며, 출수일수의 품종간 변이는 고온단일에서 가장 크고 포장조건에서 가장 적었으며 고온장일, 저온장일, 저온단일을 비슷하였다. 4. 일장차이에 의한 출수일수의 품종간 반응은 장광, Parker가 크고, Yecora F70, 수계 169 호 등 기타 품종들은 비교적 적었으며, 장광, Parker는 단일이 의하여 출수일수가 크게 지연되는 감광성 품종이었다. 5. 일장반응은 온도의 영향을 크게 받고 출수일수의 품종간차이는 저온일 빼보다 고온일 때 현저히 나타났다. 6. 온도차이에 의한 출수일수의 품종간 반응은 비슷하였으며, 어떠한 품종이라도 고온에 의하여 출수가 촉진되고 저온에 의해서 지연되었다.7. 출수일수에 대한 유전은 일장 및 온도조건이 변하여도 조숙은 만숙에 대하여 부분우성이었으며, 우성의 정도는 단일에서 크고 장일에서 적었다. 8. 고온장일조건에서 출수일수의 품종간 차이는 수수조만성의 차이라고 할 수 있으며, 춘파성품종인 Yecora F70은 추파성품종에 대하여 우성정도가 컸고 추파성품종간에는 우성정도가 없거나 적었다. 이때의 유효 우성 유전자수는 1쌍의 대립유전자에 의해서 지배되나 다소의 미동유전자가 관여되었다. 9. 출수일수에 관여하는 비감광성은 감광성에 대하여 우성단인자차에 의하여 지배되었고 저온조건에서는 단일감응성의 발현정도가 둔화 또는 억제되었다. 10. 순수 조만성과 단일감응성은 모두 조숙이 만숙에 대하여 부분우성으로 표현되었다. 11. 출수기에 관여하는 감온성의 품종간반응은 대립유전자 및 비대립유전자의 지배를 받으며 같은 대립유전자를 가진 품종군에서는 비감온성이 감온성에 대하여 우성으로 표현되나 일장 및 순수 조만성보다는 그 정도가 미미하다. 12. 장광과 수계 169호 사이에는 감광성에 관여하는 1쌍의 대립인자 ee와 EE에 의하여 조만이 결정되었고, 장광과 Yecora F70사이에는 ee, enen과 EE, EnEn의 2쌍의 대립인자에 의하여 지배된다고 추정되었다. 이때 EE와 EnEn는 조숙방향에 상가적으로 작용하여 단일조건하에서는 EE의 효과가 EnEn의 효과보다 크다. 장일 조건하에서는 EE의 효과는 나타나지 않고 EnEn효과만 발현된다. En과 en 사이에 우열관계는 E와 e 사이보다 적고 상가적 작용을 하고 있다고 본다. 13. 본 실험의 포장조건에서는 2개정도의 우성주동유전자를 가정할 수 있으나 생육초기의 저온단일과 생육후기의 고온장일의 영향으로 2개의 우성유전자 표현이 불확실하며 F$_2$분리에 있어서는 일장 및 온도의 영향과 미동유전자의 영향으로 연속변이를 하였다. 14. 출수일수의 유전력은 0.51-0.72로서 어느 조건에서나 높은 경향으로 초기세대의 선발효과가 큰 것으로 인정되었으며, 환경에 의하여 다소의 차이가 있어 장일보다는 단일에서 유전력이 컸고, 저온보다는 고온에서 큰 경향이었다. 또한 감광성의 유전력은 0.86-0.76으로 컸으나 온도효과의 유전력은 적었다. 15. 출수기가 빨라지므로서 1수입수, 천입중, 수량이 낮아지는 상관관계를 보여 조숙다수성 품종선발이 어렵다는 결과를 보였으나 수수와는 부의 상관(유의성은 없음)을 보여 조숙품종으로서 수수형 품종을 선발하면 수량을 올릴수 있는 약간의 가능성도 보였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제10권
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• pp.1-43
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• 1971

실험 I. : 본 실험은 단수수에 대하여 재배시기를 이동함에 따르는 실용 제형질의 변화를 구명하기 위하여 1968~1969년까지 2개년에 거쳐 작물시험장 특용작물 연구실(수원)에서 시행되었으며 품종은 조만생, 초형, Syrup형, Sugar형 등 생태적 특성을 달리한 17개품종이 공시되었으며 묘종기 양년 모두 4월 5일부터 8월 25일까지 20일 간격으로 8회에 걸쳐 파종하여 조사한 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 발아기(발아일수)는 파종기를 앞당겨 저온하에 파종하면 발아에 소요되는 일수가 많고 파종기가 늦어서 기온이 상승됨에 따라 발아 일수가 직선적으로 단축되다가 8월 25일 이후의 파종부터는 다시 지연되는 경향이었다. 발아기간의 일평균온도와 발아일수간에는 높은 부상관관계가 있으나 이와는 반대로 발아일수와 적산온도간에는 고도의 정상관이 인정되었다. 2. 파종기의 지연에 따라 출수일수는 거의 직선적으로 단축된다. 공시된 품종간에 평균출수일수차는 30.2일이란 큰 차이가 있었다. 이들을 10일간격으로 조, 중, 만생군으로 구별하면 조생군은 평균출수일수가 78.5$\pm$4.5일범위에 속하고 중생군은 88.5$\pm$4.5일, 만생군은 98.5$\pm$4.5일로 되었다. 출수단축한계 종종기는 조생군이 제VI-VII파종기인 7월 15일$\pm$8월 5일까지이고 중생군은 제VI파종기인 7월 15일까지, 만생군은 제IV파종기인 6월 5일까지이었다. 3. 파종기(x)와 출수까지의 일수(y)와의 회귀직선식 y=a+bx의 손수(출수까지의 일수의 단축율)와 평균출수까지의 일수와는 고도의 정상관관계가 있었다. 4. 파종에서 출수기까지의 생육경과에 있어서 일평균기온이 높을수록 출수일수가 단축되어 조생종은 24.2$^{\circ}C$에서, 중생종은 23.8$^{\circ}C$에서, 만생종은 22.9$^{\circ}C$에서 최대단축율을 보이었고 따라서 출수전 30일간의 평균기온이 약 22$^{\circ}C$부터 $25^{\circ}C$에 이르기까지 가속적으로 출수소요일수가 단축되다가 그뒤 약 21$^{\circ}C$이하가 됨에 따라 다시 지연되는 경향이었다. 5. 초장의 절대치는 품종간에 차이는 있으나 비교적 조파구간에는 초장에 큰 변이가 없었고 파종기가 늦어짐에 따라 짧아졌다. 초장의 신장속도는 파종기가 늦어짐에 따라 현저하게 빨라지고 특히 조생종이 만생종보다 더욱 가속적인 경향이었다. 따라서 최고초장과 최저초장과의 절대치의 차이는 조생종일수록 적고 만생종일수록 큰 격차를 보이었다. 6. 간직경에 있어서도 만생종은 일반적으로 조기파종할수록 굵고, 조생종과 중생종은 4월 25일 파종기가 가장 굵은 편이며 이보다 파종기가 지연 가늘어지는 경향이었다. 7. 간중은 품종의 조만생에 따라 약간의 차이는 있으나 대체로 적기(4월 25일~5월 15일)보다 조기 혹은 만기 파종하면 작아지나 파종기 이동에 따른 간중의 변화는 품종의 조만성에 따라 양상을 달리하여 조생종은 4월 25일 내외, 중생종은 4월 25일~5월 15일 내외, 만생종은 4월 5일~5월 15일 내외의 파종기에서 최고수량에 달하고 이후 직선적으로 감소하였다. 8. Brix 도는 품종에 따라 절대치가 다르며 또한 파종기가 5월 15일 이후로 늦어짐에 따라 직선적으로 감소되어 파종기(x)와 Brix 도(y) 간에 고도의 부상관관계를 볼 수 있었다. 9. 출수후 40~45일경의 절간부위별 Brix 도는 상부 제 1~제3절간 부위가 최고에 달하고, 제4절간부터 서서히 낮아지다가 지상 제2절부위에 가서 다시 약간 높아지는 경향이었다. 그러나 출수전까지는 이와 반대의 경향이었다. 10. 간중당분에 대한 파종기별 축적상황은 파종기가 지연됨에 따라 거의 직선적으로 낮아지며 품종에 따라 차이는 있으나 6월하순 이후의 파종기는 당원료작물로서 거의 무가치한 낮은 함량을 나타내었다. 11. Brix도 및 간중당분은 출수기부터 축적이 시작되어 출수후 약 40~45일에 최고에 달하고 순당율도 같은 경향으로 생육의 진전과 더불어 높아져서 순당율과 Brix 도간, 순당율과 간중당분간에 각각 높은 정의 상관관계가 존재한다. 12. 가제당량과 파종기간의 관계를 보면 중생종과 만생종은 4월 25일, 중생종은 5월 15일 파종기가 최고에 달하고 이보다 파종이 지연됨에 따라 급격히 감소되는 경향으로 파종기(x)와 가제당량(y)사이에 1% 이상의 높은 부의 상관을 보았다. 13. 파종기 및 제형질간의 상호관계를 보면 파종기가 지연됨에 따라 발아일수, 발아기간의 적산온도, 출수일수, 출수일수까지의 적산온도, 초장, 간직경, 간중, Brix 도, 간중당분, 순당율, 가제당량 등은 모두 고도의 부상관 및 회귀관계이었고 출수일수(x)와 Brix도, 당도, 순당율, 가제당량, 초장, 간장(y)등 간, Brix 도(x)와 순당율, 가제당량, 간중(x)과 가제당량(y)간, 또한 출수시의 일장(x)과 Brix 도, 출수일수, 당도, 순당율, 가제당량(y) 등 간에는 고도의 정상관을 인정할 수 있었다. 실험 II: 실험 I에 공시된 품종중에서 생태 및 유전적으로 다른 11품종만을 이면교배법에 의하여 교잡된 F$_1$ 및 교배친의 출수기, 간장, 간중, Brix 도 및 Syrup yield 등에 대하여 우성정도, 교배조합능력 및 유전분석을 한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 출수기는 조, 만숙방향으로 완전 혹은 초월우성인 특정조합이 있기는 하나 대체적으로 중간성 및 부분우성이었고 GCA 및 SCA가 높은 특정조합친을 인정할 수 있었다. 따라서 출수에 관여하는 유전인자의 분배비는 50:50으로 추정되었으며 유전력도 높아서 초기세대부터 선발이 가능할 것으로 본다. 2. 간장은 잡종강세도가 높았으며 장간의 방향으로 초월성인 특정조합도 있으나 완전 혹은 부분우성으로 추정된다. GCA 및 SCA는 일반적으로 높은 편이었으며 관여된 우성 및 열성유전자는 거의 50:50으로 분배되며 유전력은 낮았다. 3. 간중은 대부분 정의 방향(다수)으로 완전우성에 가까운 부분우성으로 작용하나 특정조합에 따라 초월우성인 것과 부분우성인 것이 있었다. GCA와 SCA는 비교적 높은 교배친을 인정할 수 있으며 유전자의 작용방향은 열성유전자가 많이 관여되고 복잡한 분리가 일어날 것으로 추정되며 유전력은 비교적 낮았다. 4. Brix 도에 대한 우성정도 및 방향은 교배조합에 따라 고 Brix 및 저 Brix로 나타났으나 일반적으로 초우성 내지 완전우성으로 나타났고 GCA 및 SCA는 Brix 도가 높은 품종일수록 높은 경향이므로 고당성 육종에는 역시 높은 당분함량을 가진 교배친이 유리할 것으로 추정된다. 5. Syrup 종에 대한 우성정도는 많은 방향으로 초월 혹은 완전우성으로 추정되며 잡종강세도는 대단히 높았다. GCA와 SCA의 관계는 일정하지 않으며 GCA가 높은 품종은 SCA가 낮은 경향이었다. 교배친의 우성대립인자 대 열성대립인자의 빈도는 거의 동수로 나타날 것으로 추정된다.