• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.147-162
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• 2017

The purposes of this study were to investigate objectified body consciousness and appearance management behaviors, and to analysis the differences on this two variables between Korean and Chinese consumers. The subjects were 700 Korean and Chinese female university students. The research method was a survey and the measuring instruments consisted of objectified body consciousness scale, appearance management behaviors items, and subjects' demographics attributions. The data were analyzed by frequency analysis, cross tabs analysis, $x^2$ test, Cronbach' ${\alpha}$, factor analysis, t-test, and regression analysis, using SPSS statistical program. The results were as follows. First, three factors(body surveillance, body shame, and control belief) were emerged on objectified body consciousness, and Korean students showed the higher level of objectified body consciousness than Chinese students. Second, Korean students had much more experience and a higher intention to perform various appearance management behaviors than Chinese students. Third, body shame and control belief factors had important effects on appearance management behaviors of both country students. However, body surveillance was an important factor on only Korean students' appearance management behaviors. This study showed that objectified body consciousness is an important variable to affect appearance management behaviors, and there are many differences on objectified body consciousness and appearance management behaviors by cultural environments.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.453-465
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to introduce the concept of the geographic center, to examine its value as locational resource, and to consider the way of its practical uses. Geographic center is the intersection point where central meridian and central parallel cross each other. This geographic locational resources can be used as data for locational education in geographic education, the standards for antipodes, datum points for geodetic surveying, a factor of place marketing, etc. This study can be a model for a geographic discovery that is to seek many geographic resources being scattered about our country.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.183-192
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• 2014

With the rapid mobile phones and global diffusion of mobile marketing it is very important to understand cross-national consumer attitude and behavioral intentions toward mobile marketing as a promotional channel. Some areas of mobile advertising still need more investigation. Especially, the topic about consumer attitude toward mobile advertising has been received a considerable amount of attention. Based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this study investigates the relationship between characteristic of mobile advertising and purchase intention toward mobile advertising, and analyzes moderating effect of country type. The result of this study could help researchers and practitioners to understand which factors should be managed to increase the effectiveness of mobile advertising.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2018.11a
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• pp.277-281
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• 2018

Information system has been at center of economic development in several developed countries, and as Africa envision to improve its global economic competitiveness it is important to assess penetration rate the digital divide and catch-up effect over the years. This paper examined whether there exists digital divide and if so, is it narrowing over time and whether the ICT is converging with time in the African countries. Three technologies namely mobile-cellular, internet and fixed broadband were used to measure the digital divide and the catch-up effect. Gamma and sigma convergence methodology together with averaged penetration ratios were used to assess the cross-country performance of each technology. This study confirms both the narrowing of digital divide and convergence of ICT in all three technologies for both total group and subgroups. The digital gap was narrowing over time and the low-income countries were catching up faster to the middle-income countries in all three technologies. However, there are marked differences exhibited in the speed of narrowing digital divide and the speed of convergence between the total groups and the subgroups of countries. Some policy implications were discussed in the conclusion and they can be utilized in designing developmental ICT policies in each technology case for individual countries.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.47-56
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• 2022

Purpose: As the need to transition into the distribution of cleaner energy has garnered corporate and scholarly interests, this study aims to track the research trends in sustainable energy supply chains for five years before 2021. Research methodology: This study was conducted by a bibliometric literature review and analysis to map the field's evolution between 2016 and 2020. Out of an initial title search result of 2,484 papers from the Scopus engine, filtering led to 180 documents obtained. The data was exported in excel format (CSV) to VOSviewer software to generate and analyze network visualization of sustainable energy supply chain trends. Results: The results revealed China's the highest publishing country, with 36 research papers. The Journal of Cleaner Production was the top publishing source, with 22 papers per year. These findings showed five clusters formed in the bibliographic coupling of countries. Circular Economy and Green Supply Chain Management represent the current hot topics. Research gaps identified in the field included limited cross-industry testing and modifying sustainable supply chain models. Conclusion: This paper contributes to the sustainability literature on supply chains by providing an overview of trends and research directions for scholars' and practitioners' consideration in future research.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.107-116
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• 2011

In this paper, we implement an algorithm of transit signal priority control that not only maximizes service quality and efficiency of bus, but also minimizes the control delay of passenger cars using UTIS currently being deployed and operated in Seoul national capital area. For this purpose, we propose an algorithm that coordinates the strength of TSP by estimating bus demand. Typically, the higher the strength of TSP is on main street, the bigger the control delay is on the cross street. Motivated by this practical difficulty, we proposes an algorithm that coordinates TSP's strength by checking the degree of saturation of cross street. Also, we verify the possibility of field implementation via simulation analysis using CORSIM RTE based HILS (Hardware In the Loop Simulation). The result shows that travel time of bus improves about 10 percent without increasing control delay of passenger cars by TSP. We expect the result of this research to contribute to increasing the overall transit ridership in this country.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.79-90
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• 2010

This study is aimed to compare cross-cultural individualism, and consider an influence of nationality, gender and age on individualistic propensity. The survey data include 271 Chinese, 251 Japanese, 262 Netherlander and 267 Korean. The result of factor analysis, four factors named independent action, profit and opinion, indifference on other and will, were found out. The result of comparison on nationality, Netherlander and Japanese has a strong individualistic propensity, and Korean has a remarkable collective propensity. Chinese were middle grade among 4 countries. It can be said that certain factors correlated with a certain country, because Netherlander's answer on questions belonged to profit and opinion factor were highest, and Japanese's one belonged to indifference on other were highest. On gender, Man was more individualistic better than woman. On age, twenties has strong collective propensity better than other age groups. The number of significant difference on comparison among countries is 21 in 21 questions, but the number on gender or age is 6 or 7. Therefore, it can be said that nationality (or culture) is most useful variable to grasp individualism.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.29
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• pp.315-339
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• 2012

The Chilean educative policies as the Voucher System and the privatization have been almost same from the Pinochet government and the ones of "Concertacion" or "Democratic Alliances" until now. Because the neoliberal regime has dominated principally in Chile the area of the education. In this study first of all I will analyze the procedures of the violent repression of the leftist politicians and the intellectuals of the universities by the Pinochet government. And the importance of the reform of the law of education in 1980 was emphasized and the other one in 1990 one day before the retirement of Pinochet. We can comprehend the fact that the education would have been used as a tool to achieve the development of the country and the economic one sacrificing the public and equalitarian values of the education. And the competence, the efficiency and the quality of the education have been emphasized through the policies as example the rights of the selection of the schools by the parents as like a product in the market. But the result was the enormorors expansion of the private education not only in the secondary schools but also in the universities. And also has been intensified "the segregation and the discrimination" of the students jerarquitized by the different social-economic levels of the parents. The Chilean people including the middle class did not realize rightly the inherent problems of the neoliberal regime having the equivocation as if the private schools should have been better than the public ones. However the high level of the public university education became to be dominated by the acomodated class. This was the cause of the last year's great scale of the demonstration of the Chilean students. The most important thing is that these matters was agravated not by the Pinochet government but by the ones of "Concertacion" or "Democratic Alliances". Because these governments tried to maintain the neoliberal regime by means of the education only arranging the small problems or contratiempos.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.47
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• pp.101-129
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• 2017

This paper presupposes that the reason for the development of Guanyu's anthropolatry as a cultural phenomenon is derived from, along with Guanyu's loyalism and valor, the people's physiological effects longing for the emergence of a hero, and is closely linked with religious activities to provide the justification of their belief system. Based on this, the purpose of this paper is to study how major religions that is, Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism take the courses of Guanyu's anthropolatry to their religious advantage and how Guanyu-god is applied to roots in Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. In Buddhism, it succeeded in the settlement by upgrading it to jialan-shen that guarded the Buddhist temple, while in Taoism, it was used as a guardian of the san-jie-fu-mo-da-di that chased the almighty devil and deviated from the disaster and suffering. In Confucianism, it was connected to Guanyu's Confucian-commander image to that of chun-qiu-da-yi of kongzi. That is, by symbolizing Guanyu as God of Martial Power and War depending on the country, it was used as a means of governance to establish rules and order.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.25
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• pp.363-389
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• 2011

Modern Chinese Literature, the so-called 'feminist' is a very modern and the traditional criticism and took an important position in the double action. Because a woman's freedom from the bondage of traditional ethics of restoring the social status equal to men but to women does not give, that compared to men and women just the dimension of the problem of isolation is not just. It is dominated by yugajeok worldview by streamlining the whole Chinese society to build a modern society and the country was a critical task. However, multi-cultural life of Lin, Hui-yin and Ling, Shu-hua in the history of the world's attention to the shrine was worried attention to soils, rather than East-West dualism law by taking a mixture of both women in modern Chinese literature and Western literature from the center of efforts to overcome the traditional point hayeotdaneun feminist literature that may be different. Lin, Hui-yin and Ling, Shu-hua to overcome the Western-oriented culture really the true dream of China's globalization and localization could be regarded. She naesewotdeon the banner of feminist literature in the traditional 'anti feudal', 'free personality' silcheondoen under such slogans as well as women's liberation from traditional, male-oriented perspective away from the women's unique experiences and new understanding of the value of the superiority the concept of a woman, and was to create. In particular, the femininity of these women who traditionally associated with women and the unique culture - the creation of a new consciousness, a re-evaluation of traditional feminine skills and talents was to try to.