• 한국작물학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.137-141
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• 2002

Decomposition of green manure is necessary for the nutrient supply in farm soil. Hairy vetch as a green manure is superior to other winter legumes in terms of wintering ability and N accumulation. This experiment was carried out to investigate the decomposition and N release of hairy vetch and its effect on rice production as the following crop in paddy field. Decomposition of hairy vetch placed by soil depth of 0, 10 and 20cm at transplanting time was investigated by mesh bag method, which was enclosed chopped residue in mesh bags. The fate of $^{15}$ N derived from $^{15}$ N-labeled hairy vetch was investigated at harvest in three levels of N fertilization. Grain yield of the transplanted paddy rice cultured with hairy vetch as starter N were compared with that of applying urea as starter N in the field. Hairy vetch residue decomposed very rapidly both in transplanted and dry-seeded paddy field. In transplanted paddy field, hairy vetch residue lost 72-81 % and 86-90% of its weight after one and five month, respectively, as affected by incorporation depth. The C/N ratio of the decomposing vetch residue increased sharply during the early stages and after then, decreased slowly. The amounts of N and P released from the vetch were about 90% and 97% of initial content after one month, respectively. Recoveries of hairy vetch-$^{15}$ N by rice plant were 30.6, 34.6 and 35.7% in 0, 6 and 12 kg urea-N 10 $a^{-l}$ application, respectively, indicating that N fertilization increased the recovery of hairy vetch. $^{15}$ N. Hairy vetch residue incorporated as starter maintained significant N $H_4$$^{+}$-N concentration in soil water of plow layer until effective tillering stage. Grain yield in the plot applied with hairy vetch was not significantly different from that in the plot with urea. We concluded that hairy vetch incorporation could substitute starter N fertilization and showed possibility to reduce N amount of top-dressing.g.g.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제41권12호
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• pp.336-344
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• 2017

Background: Because of climate change, interest in the development of carbon pools has increased. In agricultural ecosystems, which can be more intensively managed than forests, measures to control carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) emission and absorption levels can be applied relatively easily. However, crop residues may be released into the atmosphere by decomposition or combustion. If we can develop scientific management techniques that enable these residues to be stocked on farmland, then it would be possible to convert farmlands from carbon emission sources to carbon pools. We analyzed and investigated soil respiration (Rs) rate characteristics according to input of carbonized residue of red peppers (Capsicum annuum L.), a widely grown crop in Korea, as a technique for increasing farmland carbon stock. Results: Rs rate in the carbonized biomass (CB) section was $226.7mg\;CO_2\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$, which was 18.1% lower than the $276.9mg\;CO_2\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$ from the red pepper residue biomass (RB) section. The Rs rate of the control was $184.1mg\;CO_2\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$. In the following year, Rs in the CB section was $204.0mg\;CO_2\;m{-2}h^{-1}$, which was 38.2% lower than the $330.1mg\;CO_2\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$ from the RB section; the control emitted $198.6mg\;CO_2\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$. Correlation between Rs and soil temperature ((Ts) at a depth of 5 cm) was $R^2=0.51$ in the RB section, which was higher than the other experimental sections. A comparison of annual decomposition rates between RB and CB showed a large difference, 41.4 and 9.7%, respectively. The results showed that carbonization of red pepper residues reduced the rates of decomposition and Rs. Conclusions: The present study confirmed that the Rs rate can be reduced by carbonization of residue biomass and putting it in the soil and that the Rs rate and Ts (5 cm) were positively correlated. Based on the results, it was determined that approximately $1.2t\;C\;ha^{-1}$ were sequestered in the soil in the first year and $3.0t\;C\;ha^{-1}$ were stored the following year. Therefore, approximately $1.5t\;C\;ha^{-1}year^{-1}$ are expected to be stocked in the soil, making it possible to develop farmlands into carbon pools.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.132-136
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• 2002

The rice straw managements are essential for maintaining soil fertility as well as reducing chemical fertilizer application in paddy field. A field experiment was conducted on moderately well draining alluvial paddy soil to investigate the decomposition pattern of rice straw. The mesh bags containing the rice straw harvested in the previous year were placed at soil surface and buried into around 10cm depth and recovered periodically for determining the straw decomposition. Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the fates of N released from $^{15}$ N-labeled rice straw under different levels of N fertilizer application. The overall decomposition patterns of rice straw were similar for the two incorporation depths in transplanted paddy field. The straw incorporated at transplanting date showed weight loss of about 50%, 70% and 90% after 2 months, 5 months, and 2 years, respectively. The decompositions of straw cell wall components showed somewhat different pattern. The decompositions of cellulose and silica were similar to that of dry weight while the decomposition of lignin was slower than that of cellulose and silica. N was released from rice straw 42% and 65 % of the initial N after one month and after five months, respectively. P release was faster than N release. Recoveries of rice straw-$^{15}$ N by rice plants were 10.2, 13.4 and 14.9% in 0, 120 and 240 mg N pot$^{-1}$ , respectively. Soil recoveries of rice straw $^{15}$ N were 17.3, 20.6 and 18.9% in 0, 120 and 240mg N pot$^{-1}$ , respectively.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.736-743
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• 2015

Organic matter plays important roles in soil ecosystem in terms of carbon and nitrogen cycles. Due to recent concerns on climate change, carbon sequestration in agricultural land has become one of the most interesting and debating issues. It is necessary to understand behavior of soil carbon for evaluating decomposition or sequestration of organic matter and analyzing potential carbon decomposition pattern about the kinds of organic matter sources to cope with well. In order to evaluate decomposition of soil carbon according to organic material during cultivating rice in paddy field, we treated organic material such as hairy vetch, rice straw, oil cake fertilizer, and manure compost at $50{\times}50{\times}20cm$ blocks made of wood board, and analyzed carbon contents of fulvic acid and humic acid fraction, and total carbon periodically in 2013 and 2014. Soil sampling was conducted on monthly basis. Four Kinds of organic matter were mixed with soil in treatment plots on 2 weeks before transplanting of rice. The treatment of animal compost showed the highest changes of total carbon, which showed $7.9gkg^{-1}$ in May 2013 to $11.6gkg^{-1}$ in October 2014. Fulvic acid fraction which is considered to easily decompose ranged from 1 to $2gkg^{-1}$. Humic acid fraction was changed between 1 to $3gkg^{-1}$ in all treatments until organic material had been applied in 2014. From May to August in the second year, the contents of humic acid fraction increased to about $4gkg^{-1}$. The average of humic fraction carbon at treatments of animal compost was recorded highest among treatments during two years, $2.1gkg^{-1}$. The treatment of animal compost has showed the lowest ratio of fulvic acid fraction, humic acid fraction compared with other treatments. The average ratio of fulvic fraction carbon in soil ranged from 16 to 20%, and humic fraction carbon ranged from 19 to 22%. In conclusion, animal compost including wood as bulking agent is superior in sequestrating carbon at agricultural land to other kinds of raw plant residue.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.381-391
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• 2009

녹비 작물의 이용은 화학비료의 사용을 대체하고 물질순환에 의한 안전한 농작물 생산을 가능하게 할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구는 바이오디젤 생산의 원료로 이용되는 유채 종자의 유채의 녹비 환원에 의한 질소무기화 및 옥수수의 질소 흡수 389 수확 후 잔유물의 녹비 이용 가능성을 평가하였다. 유채 수확 후 잔류물의 질소함량은 0.53%로 낮았으며 탄질율은 63으로 나타났다. 유채 잔유물의 부숙기간 없이 환원 직후 파종한 처리구는 옥수수의 질소 흡수를 지연시켰으며, 생육에서도 30일간 부숙기간을 설정한 처리구의 옥수수보다 억제되어 유채 잔유물의 녹비 환원 직후 후작물의 파종은 주의해야 할 것으로 판단되었다. 유채 잔유물의 녹비 환원 90일 후 질소무기화는 암모늄태 질소(24.2mg/kg)보다 질산태 질소(58.4mg/kg)에서 높았으며, 방출된 무기태 질소에 대한 옥수수의 흡수 및 이용량은 부숙기간 없이 환원 직후 파종한 처리구와 30일간 부숙기간을 설정한 처리구에서 각각 86%와 88%로 나타났다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.109-118
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• 2015

Allelopathy is an ecological phenomenon that refers to the beneficial or harmful effects of one plant on another plant, both crop and weed species, by the release of organic chemicals (allelochemicals) from plant parts by leaching, root exudation, volatilization, residue decomposition in soil and other processes in both natural and agricultural systems. Allelopathy can affect many aspects of plant ecology including occurrence, growth, plant succession, the structure of plant communities, survival, dominance, diversity, and plant productivity. In this review, we describe the concept of allelopathy, some mechanisms of operation within plants and then focus on a select number of gymnospermous tree genera: Ephedra, Pinus, Taxus, Cedrus, Juniperus, Picea, Cunninghamia and Araucaria. Pinus, Taxus (yew) and Cedrus (cedar) trees have a strong negative allelopathic effect on the germination, growth, or development of other plant species in the forest community.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.211-217
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• 2005

미사식양토에서 질소로 $240kg\;ha^{-1}$에 상당하는 생헤어리뱃치와 화학비료 초안(질산암모늄)을 옥수수 파종 1주일 전에 토양에 혼입하고 옥수수를 재배하면서 토양 무기태질소, 미생물태질소, 옥수수 지상부의 질소 집적량을 1997년부터 2년간 조사하였다. 헤어리벳치의 초기분해 시 초안 유래의 질산태질소의 60-70%에 달하는 질소량이 헤어리뱃치로부터 무기화되어 토층 0-15 cm에 집적되었다. 또한 토양미생물태 질소도 헤어리뱃치구가 초안구보다 $10-20mg\;kg^{-1}$ 증가하였으며 약간의 헤어리뱃치 유래 토양무기태 질소는 천천히 무기화되어 출사기 이후까지 옥수수에 공급되는 것으로 보였다. 출사기에서의 옥수수의 전체 질소 집적량은 2년간 모두 두 질소원 간에 차이가 없었다. 옥수수 수확기의 질소 집적량은 1997년도에는 헤어리뱃치 녹비구가 초안구보다 8% 적었지만 1998년도는 오히려 19% 증가하였다. 질소원으로서 $240kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$에 달하는 헤어리벳치녹비의 시용은 완효적인 질소무기화 효과를 나타내었으며 같은 량의 질소 화학비료를 대체할 수 있는 옥수수 생육촉진 효과를 보였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.21-25
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• 1990

볏짚, 보리짚, 산야초(山野草) 그리고 활엽수(闊葉樹)와 침엽수(針葉樹)의 낙엽(落葉)을 채취(採取)하여 실험실(實驗室) 조건하(條件下)에서 90일간(日間) 부숙(腐熟)시키면서 경시적(經時的)으로 재료(材料)를 취(取)하여 산가수분해(酸加水分解)한 후(後) 단당류(單糖類)의 함량(含量)을 분석(分析)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 부숙기간(腐熟其間)이 경과(經過)함에 따라 유기물중(有機物中) 단당류(單糖類)의 함량(含量)이 감소(減少)하였다. 중간단계(中間段階)(45일(日))에서는 일시적인 함량(含量)이 증가(增加)가 나타났다. 2. 보리짚이 볏짚보다 빠른 속도(速度) 부숙(腐熟)하였는데 활엽수낙엽(闊葉樹落葉)이 침엽수낙엽((針葉樹落葉)보다 빨리 부숙(腐熟)되었다. 3. 단당류(單糖類)의 함량(含量)은 산야초(山野草)나 산림낙엽(山林落葉)보다 볏짚 및 보리짚에 더 많았다. 4. 식물성(植物性) 단당류(單糖類)와 미생물성(微生物性) 단당류(單糖類)의 정량적(定量的) 구별(區別)은 불가능(不可能)하였다. 5. 단당류중(單糖類中) Glucose가 가장 많았으며 가장 적게 함유(含有)된 당(糖)은 Fucose이었다. Ribose는 검출되지 않았다. 6. 부숙기간(腐熟期間)이 경과(經過)함에 따라 Glactose의 상대적(相對的) 함량(含量)도 증가(增加)하였다. 7. 부숙기간(腐熟期間)이 증가(增加)함에 따라 Fucose의 상대적(相對的) 함량(含量)이 감소(減少)하였으며, Rhamnose도 이와같은 경향이었다. 다만, 볏짚의 경우 Rhamnose의 상대적(相對的) 함량(含量)은 오히려 증가(增加)하였다. 8. 부숙(腐熟) 90일경 각(各) 시료(試料)가 함유(含有)하고 있는 단당류(單糖類)의 양(量)은 다음과 같은 순서이었다. 볏짚 : Glucose > Xylose > Arabinose > Galactose > Rhamnose > Mannose > Fucose 보리짚 : Glucose > Xylose > Arabinose > Galactose> Mannose > Rhamnose > Fucose 산야초 : Glucose > Xylose > Galactose Arabinose > Rhamnose Mannose > Fucose 활엽수낙엽 : Glucose > Arabinose> Xylose Galactose > Mannose > Rhamnose = Fucose 침엽수낙엽 : Glucose > Xylose > Galactose > Arabinose Mannose > Rhamnose > Fucose.