• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.139-145
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• 2007

This paper presents the low cycle thermal fatigue of the engine exhaust manifold subject to thermomechanical cyclic loadings. The analysis includes the FE model of the exhaust system, temperature dependent material properties, and thermal loadings. The result shows that at an elevated temperature, large compressive plastic deformations are generated, and at a cold condition, tensile stresses are remained in several critical zones of the exhaust manifold. From the repetitions of thermal shock cycles, plastic strain ranges could be estimated by the stabilized stress-strain hysteresis loops. The method was applied to assess the low cycle thermal fatigue for the engine exhaust manifold. It shows a good agreement between numerical and experimental results.

• 대한교통학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한교통학회 1998년도 Proceedings The 4th International Transport Symposium
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• pp.141-151
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• 1998

Provision of Passing Sight Distance (PSD) is an important component in two-lane highway design and has a critical impact on capacity of highway and safety of drivers. Many models have been developed to estimate PSD reasonably. However, each of them has a number of shortcomings for reflecting the real traffic conditions. This paper introduces a revised model that reflects the characteristics of the passing maneuver. The changes in passing sight distances under different assumptions about acceleration and vehicle length, which are related to vehicle types, are presented. The results obtained by the revised model are compared with those obtained from the existing models. There is an important link between geometric design decisions which determine the available sight distance and the quality of service which the road provides. In this paper, we examine one aspect of this relationship. That is to determine whether the passing sight distance is provided by improving horizontal alignment for a specific roadway section or passing may be restricted to save the road construction cost. To do so, a simple method for estimating traffic delay in no-passing is introduced.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.385-399
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• 2000

매립지 침출수에 의한 지하수의 오염은 유입 오염물질 및 대수층의 특성에 의해 다양한 대수층의 환경변화를 유발하게 되며, 이러한 대수층 내의 환경변화는 유입 오염물질의 자연정화 현상에 많은 기여를 하는 것으로 알려지고 있다. 이러한 오염에 의한 대수층의 환경변화에 대한 이해는 지하수 오염의 정도와 위해성 평가, 그리고 적적한 복원 및 정화기법의 개발, 선정 및 정화 수준의 결정을 위해 필수적이다. 본고에서는 매립지 침출수에 의한 지하수 오염으로 발생하는 대수층 내의 환경변화, 즉 다양한 산화-환원대(redox zones)가 형성되는 현상과, 각 산화-환원대에서 발생하는 오염물질 저감 현상에 대한 연구 현황에 대해 정리함으로써 현재 전국적으로 산재되어 있는 많은 불량매립지의 오염 복원 및 정화를 위한 적절한 연구 및 대책 방안에 대해 제시하고 있다.

• 대기
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.315-326
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• 2007

The effects of windbreaks on the reduction of suspended particles are investigated using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model with the ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence closure scheme based on the renormalization group (RNG) theory. In the control experiment, the recirculation zones behind the storage piles are generated and, as a whole, relatively monotonous flow patterns appear. When the windbreaks with the 0% porosity are constructed, the recirculation zones are generated by the windbreaks and very complicated flow patterns appear due to the interference between the windbreaks and storage piles. The porosity of the windbreaks suppresses the generation of the recirculation zone and decreases the wind velocity in the windbreaks as well as that outside the windbreaks. As the emission of suspended particles from the storage piles are closely related with the friction velocity at the surfaces of the storage piles, variation of the friction velocity and total amount of the emission of the suspended particles with the height and porosity of the windbreaks are investigated. The results show that higher and more porous windbreaks emit less suspended particles and that the reduction effect of the porosity is still more effective than that of the height. In the case of the windbreak with 30 m height and 50% porosity, friction velocities above the storage piles are smaller than the critical friction velocity above which particles would be suspended. As a result, total amount of suspended particles are much fewer than those in other cases.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.630-640
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• 2013

It is one of the most critical steps identifying impaired waterbodies exactly in the selection of target water quality indicators for the management of Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs). Excess ratio and excess level were applied and analyzed by the stream zone basis in order to evaluate water impairment for Nakdong, Geum, Youngsan and Seomjin rivers. Each river basin was divided into stream zones in the light of its watershed and waterbody characteristics. Selected water quality parameters discussed in this study were pH, DO, BOD, COD, SS, T-P, T-Coli and F-Coli. The excess ratios of the water quality parameters were used to discriminate water bodies that did not meet water quality standards. The excess levels were used to classify the degradation of water quality. The excess ratios and the excess levels to the water quality criteria of the medium influence areas were used for each stream zone. The results indicate that the excess ratios and the excess levels are varied on the stream zone in each river basin. Three parameters, pH, DO and SS, met water quality standards in all stream zones. The other five parameters indicated very high excess ratios in most waterbodies, and especially T-P and T-Coli revealed to be very high excess levels in some waterbodies. These parameters could be considered as major target indicators for the management of TMDLs.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.396-402
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• 2016

In this study, hydraulic analysis of water-supply networks in Marivan was performed by modeling. WATERGEMS was used for modeling and it was calibrated using existing rules and regulations. The purpose of this research is modeling urban water network and its analysis based on hydraulic criteria and meeting pressure conditions at the nodes and complying the economic speed. To achieve this goal, first the pipelines of city streets was designed in AutoCAD on a map of the city. It should be mentioned that it was tried to prevent from creating additional loops in the network and the optimal network was designed by a combination of annular and branch loops. In the next step, the pipes were called in WATERGEMS and then we continue the operation by the allocation of elevation digits to the pipes. Since the topography of this city is very specific and unique, the number of pressure zones was increased. Three zones created only covers about 20% of the population in the city. In this dissertation, the design was performed on the city's main zone with the largest density in the Figures 1,320-1,340. In the next step, the network triangulation was conducted. Finally, the Debiw as allocated based on the triangulation conducted and considering the density of the city for year of horizon. Ultimately, the network of Marivan was designed and calibrated according to hydraulic criteria and pressure zoning. The output of this model can be used in water-supply projects, improvement and reform of the existing net-work in the city, and various other studies. Numerous and various graphs obtained in different parts of a network modelled can be used in the analysis of critical situation, leakage.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.481-500
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• 2007

The dynamic instability of doubly curved panels, subjected to non-uniform tensile in-plane harmonic edge loading $P(t)=P_s+P_d\;{\cos}{\Omega}t$ is investigated. The present work deals with the problem of the occurrence of combination resonances in contrast to simple resonances in parametrically excited doubly curved panels. Analytical expressions for the instability regions are obtained at ${\Omega}={\omega}_m+{\omega}_n$, (${\Omega}$ is the excitation frequency and ${\omega}_m$ and ${\omega}_n$ are the natural frequencies of the system) by using the method of multiple scales. It is shown that, besides the principal instability region at ${\Omega}=2{\omega}_1$, where ${\omega}_1$ is the fundamental frequency, other cases of ${\Omega}={\omega}_m+{\omega}_n$, related to other modes, can be of major importance and yield a significantly enlarged instability region. The effects of edge loading, curvature, damping and the static load factor on dynamic instability behavior of simply supported doubly curved panels are studied. The results show that under localized edge loading, combination resonance zones are as important as simple resonance zones. The effects of damping show that there is a finite critical value of the dynamic load factor for each instability region below which the curved panels cannot become dynamically unstable. This example of simultaneous excitation of two modes, each oscillating steadily at its own natural frequency, may be of considerable interest in vibration testing of actual structures.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.109-120
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• 2007

대형 대단면 터널의 시공시 지반 변형을 억제시키고 지반의 강성을 증가시키며 차수 및 지수를 확보하기 위해 다양한 사전 보강공법들이 굴착전 막장 천단부 전방에 적용되고 있으나 물성치 결정 및 시공단계 해석에 있어서 여러 오류를 안고 있다. 본 연구에서는 탄성파를 이용하여 사전보강영역의 시간 의존적 강도 및 강성 특성을 분석하는 기법을 제시하였다. 실내실험을 통해 획득한 탄성파속도와 전단강도는 경화시간에 따라 증가하며, 전단강도와 전단강도정수는 탄성파 속도와 일정한 관계를 갖는 것으로 분석된다. 재령에 따른 탄성계수와 점착력을 터널의 시공단계에 따른 시뮬레이션에 적용하여 경시효과가 터널 변위 거동에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 해석결과 $1{\sim}2$일 강도 및 강성을 적용한 결과가 경시효과를 고려한 경우와 갱구부에서 유사한 거동을 하며, 특히 초기 시공부분 및 갱구부에서 터널의 안정성에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석된다. 본 연구에서 제안된 기법을 통해 향후 사전보강영역의 경시효과를 고려한 터널 거동해석을 위해 실내실험과 수치해석을 병용하여 신뢰성 있는 터널 해석 및 설계를 수행하는 것이 바람직 할 것이다.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2010

Jatropha curcas L. (Physic nut) is a commercially important non-edible oil seed crop known for its use as an alternate source of biodiesel. In order to investigate the morphogenic potential of immature embryo, explants from four developmental stages were cultured on medium supplemented with combinations of auxins and cytokinins. It was found that the size of embryo is critical for the establishment of callus. Immature embryos (1.1-1.5 cm) obtained from the fruits 6 weeks after pollination showed a good response of morphogenic callus induction (85.7%) and subsequent plant regeneration (70%) with the maximum number of plantlets (4.7/explant) on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with IBA (0.5 $mg\;l^{-1}$) and BA (1.0 $mg\;l^{-1}$). The above medium when supplemented with growth adjuvants such as 100 $mg\;l^{-1}$ casein hydrolysate + 200 $mg\;l^{-1}$ L-glutamine + 8.0 $mg\;l^{-1}$ $CuSO_4$ resulted in an even higher frequency of callus induction (100%). Plant regeneration (90%) with the maximum number of plantlets (10/explant) was achieved on MS medium supplemented with 500 $mg\;l^{-1}$ polyvinyl pyrrolidone + 30 $mg\;l^{-1}$ citric acid + 1 $mg\;l^{-1}$ BA + 0.5 $mg\;l^{-1}$ Kn + 0.25 $mg\;l^{-1}$ IBA. It was observed that plantlet regeneration could occur either through organogenesis of morphogenic callus or via multiplication of pre-existing meristem in immature embryos. The age of immature embryos and addition of a combination of growth adjuvants to the culture medium appear to be critical for obtaining high regeneration rates. Well-developed shoots rooted on half-halfstrength MS medium supplemented with 0.5 $mg\;l^{-1}$ IBA and 342 $mg\;l^{-1}$ trehalose. The rooted plants after acclimatization were successfully transferred to the field in different agro-climatic zones in India. This protocol has been successfully evaluated on five elite lines of J. curcas.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.199-210
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• 2003

흙이 변형하는 동안 전단지역 내에서 변형국지화가 자주 관찰된다. 사실상, 그 현상은 예외적이라기보다는 전형적으로 보인다. 개념적으로, 행해진 일의 증가가 음인 경우 변형국지화가 쉽게 발생한다. 이러한 현상을 검증하기 위해서, 본 연구에서는 배수상태의 조밀한 흙, 비배수상태의 느슨한 흙, 비배수전단하의 조밀한 흙에서의 공동화, 비균질한 흙, 판상형의 입자로 된 흙에서의 입자배열, 입자 깨짐을 가지는 흙, 그리고 낮은 함수비나 약한 시멘트결합이 된 흙 등 다양한 흙과 다양한 조건에 대하여 조사를 수행하였다. 이러한 경우들의 각각을 독립적으로 시험할 수 있도록 시료를 제작하였고 실험절차를 구상하였다. 실험결과에 의하면, 최고점후 변형연화거동을 가지는 흙은 변형국지화, 전단대형성, 그리고 점진적 파괴가 되기 쉽다. 응력상태, 흙밀도, 흙입자의 고유적인 역학적$.$지형학적인 특성, 저함수비, 그리고 비균질성이 변형국지화를 일으키는데 공헌을 하였다. 국지화가 가능한 모든 경우들을 고려해 볼 때, 실내시험으로부터 한계상태정수를 결정하는 최선의 방법은 배수전단하의 느슨하고 균일한 포화시료를 사용하는 것으로 나타났다.