• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.917-922
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• 2008

A disintegrin-like and metalloprotease (reprolysin type) with thrombospondin type 1 motif (ADAMTS1) plays a critical role in follicular rupture and represents a major advance in the proteolytic events that control ovulation. In this study, a 9,026-bp DNA sequence containing the full coding region, all 8 introns and part of the 5'and 3' untranslated region of the porcine ADAMTS1 gene was obtained. Analysis of the ADAMTS1 gene using the porcine radiation hybrid panel indicated that pig ADAMTS1 is closely linkage with microsatellite marker S0215, located on SSC13q49. The open reading frame of its cDNA covered 2,844 bp and encoded 947 amino acids. The coding region of porcine ADAMTS1 as determined by sequence alignments shared 85% and 81% identity with human and mouse cDNAs, respectively. The deduced protein contained 947 amino acids showing 85% sequence similarity both to the human and mouse proteins, respectively. Comparative sequencing of three pig breeds revealed one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within exon 7 of which a G-C substitution at position 6006 changes a codon for arginine into a codon for proline. The substitution was situated within a PvuII recognition site and developed as a PCR-RFLP marker for further use in population variation investigations and association analysis with litter size. Allele frequencies of this SNP were investigated in seven pig breeds/lines. An association analysis in a new Qingping female line suggested that different ADAMTS1 genotypes have significant differences in litter size (p<0.01).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.4723-4726
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• 2014

Background: Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in the world and by far the most frequent cancer among women. Objective: The present study was undertaken to assess the awareness of breast cancer warning signs and screening methods among the women of Pokhara valley, Nepal. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was carried out in a community setting with the female population. The questionnaire was administered in face-to-face interviews by trained research assistants. Results: Nepalese women demonstrated poor awareness of warning signs like a breast lump, lump under the armpit, bleeding or discharge from the nipple, pulling of the nipple, changes in the position of the nipple, nipple rash, redness of the breast skin, changes in the size of the breast or nipple, changes in the shape of the breast or nipple, pain in the breast or armpit, and dimpling of the breast skin. While 100% of nurses were aware about breast self-examination(BSE), mammography and warning signs of breast cancer. Levels of knowledge were significantly poorer in women with other occupations. Graduates were more aware about BSE, mammogram and warning signs of breast cancer compared to those with other educational levels. Conclusions: The findings indicated that the level of awareness of breast cancer, including knowledge of warning signs and BSE, is sub-optimal among Nepalese women.

• 한국건설안전학회 논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.16-21
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 국토교통부로부터 위탁받아 한국시설안전공단에서 운영하고 있는 건설사고조사위원회 사무국에서 '15년부터 축적한 총 90건의 건설현장사고를 대상으로 공종별 위험요소 및 재발방지대책을 key word 행태로 발굴하여 유사한 원인으로 재발되는 건설현장사고를 방지하는 자료로 활용하고자 수행하였다. 본 연구에 활용한 건설사고 모집단은 건설사고 전체를 대표하기는 어려우나 일정 규모 이상의 건설사고에 대한 분석 자료로 통계적 가치가 있는 것으로 사료되며, 향후 보다 신뢰성있는 분석을 통한 피드백을 위해서는 효과적으로 건설사고정보를 수집할 수 있는 제도개선이 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 금번 분석된 내용은 현장에서 건설안전 확보를 위한 기초자료로 활용이 가능할 것으로 생각되며, 향후 건설안전정책 방향설정의 자료로도 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.21-38
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• 2019

Korean agricultural industry has weakened as demand for domestic agricultural products has declined due to accelerating market liberalization, aging and shrinking of rural population, and stagnating rural households' incomes. On the other hand, as the forth industrial revolution unfolds in earnest, tremendous changes are expected, and those changes won't be confined to certain industries but would shaken the world we know of entirely. Smart farm, which is one example of the fourth industrial revolution, is increasingly being recognized as a new growth engine for the future as smart farm and the science and technology behind it, not the size of arable land, will determine competitiveness of the agricultural industry and drive agricultural productivity and managerial efficiency. In consideration that John W. Kingdon's Multiple Streams Framework has recently been presented as an important theoretical model in the policy field, this study analyzed problem stream, policy stream, and political stream in the process of forming the smart farm policy, and looked into what role the government played as policy entrepreneur in policy window. The smart farm policy was put on policy agenda by the government and was approved when the government announced the Smart Farm Plan together with relevant ministries at the 5th Economy-Related Ministers' Meeting held in April 2018. This suggests that change of the government is the most critical factor in political stream, and explicitly indicates the importance of politics in formation of an agricultural policy. In addition, actual outcome of the policy and how policy alternatives that will enhance people's understanding will support it seem to be the key to success. It also shows that it is important that policy alternatives be determined based on sufficient discussion amongst stakeholders.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.72-81
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• 2019

Objectives: The current study presents a new conceptual framework for physician-induced demand that comprises several influential components and their interactions. Methods: This framework was developed on the basis of the conceptual model proposed by Labelle. To identify the components that influenced induced demand and their interactions, a scoping review was conducted (from January 1980 to January 2017). Additionally, an expert panel was formed to formulate and expand the framework. Results: The developed framework comprises 2 main sets of components. First, the supply side includes 9 components: physicians' incentive for pecuniary profit or meeting their target income, physicians' current income, the physician/population ratio, service price (tariff), payment method, consultation time, type of employment of physicians, observable characteristics of the physician, and type and size of the hospital. Second, the demand side includes 3 components: patients' observable characteristics, patients' non-clinical characteristics, and insurance coverage. Conclusions: A conceptual framework that can clearly describe interactions between the components that influence induced demand is a critical step in providing a scientific basis for understanding physicians' behavior, particularly in the field of health economics.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.143-155
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• 2016

Present work aims to establish the countermeasure for the better maintenance and preservation of insular floristic diversity at the South Sea of Jeollanamdo Province, ROK, where unique ecosystems are under threat due to climate change, anthropogenic disturbance and habitat destruction. Numerous flora reports from 15 inhabited islands and 60 uninhabited islands as well as field survey data are collated for the compilation of floristic data base and island biogeographical analysis. Out of the 1,940 vascular plant species from 180 families occurring in studies areas, 30.1 percentage or 584 plant species are physiognomically belonging to arboreal plants. Average number of species at individual island is numbered about 222 species, but it varies from about 591 species at the inhabited islands to 129 species at the uninhabited islands. Only 0.15 percentage of species with high proportion above 0.9 in its relative occurrence rate occurs at 68 islands and it includes three species, such as Pinus thunbergii, Eurya japonica and Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum. However, about 68 percentage of plant species occurring in study area is confined their distribution to less than seven islands. Presence of high proportion of notable plants in small islands, i.e., 10 critically endangered species compared with 5.5 species in average, 9 endangered species (average 4.2 spp.) at Sonjookdo, and 7 critically endangered species, 8 endangered species at Sokomundo may due to existence of diverse geological and topographical environmental diversity as well as lower human population density and remoteness from the mainland. Since island is small in size and geographically isolated, minor environmental and ecological burdens can cause the critical damages to the diversity of flora and vegetation, urgent island biogeographical research is needed for the scientific conservation and management of island biodiversity.

• 한양메디칼리뷰
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2013

Follicular helper T cells (Tfh) play a significant role in providing T cell help to B cells during the germinal center reaction, where somatic hypermutation, affinity maturation, isotype class switching, and the differentiation of memory B cells and long-lived plasma cells occur. Antigen-specific T cells with IL-6 and IL-21 upregulate CXCR5, which is required for the migration of T cells into B cell follicles, where these T cells mature into Tfh. The surface markers including PD-1, ICOS, and CD40L play a significant role in providing T cell help to B cells. The upregulation of transcription factor Bcl-6 induces the expression of CXCR5, which is an important factor for Tfh differentiation, by inhibiting the expression of other lineage-specific transcription factors such as T-bet, GATA3, and RORγt. Surprisingly, recent evidence suggests that CD4 T cells already committed to Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells obtain flexibility in their differentiation programs by downregulating T-bet, GATA3, and RORγt, upregulating Bcl-6 and thus convert into Tfh. Limiting the numbers of Tfh within germinal centers is important in the regulation of the autoantibody production that is central to autoimmune diseases. Recently, it was revealed that the germinal center reaction and the size of the Tfh population are also regulated by thymus-derived follicular regulatory T cells (Tfr) expressing CXCR5 and Foxp3. Dysregulation of Tfh appears to be a pathogenic cause of autoimmune disease suggesting that tight regulation of Tfh and germinal center reaction by Tfr is essential for maintaining immune tolerance. Therefore, the balance between Tfh and Tfr appears to be a critical peripheral tolerance mechanism that can inhibit autoimmune disorders.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.12-24
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• 1992

우리나라에 있는 보호지역의 보존 및 관리에 대한 제반 문제의 해결을 위한 한 접근방법으로 도서생물지리학과 서식처 분획화 이론의 적용에 대한 검토를 하였다. 최근 생물적 다양성의 파괴와 함께 급격히 증가하고 있는 보호지역내 자연 서식처에 대한 적절하고 신속한 조치가 필요하며. 이러한 요구에 부응하여 우리나라 보호지역의 효과적인 관리를 위한 제반 검토를 하였다. 우리나라의 식물상은 주로 인간의 간섭에 의해 계속 변화할 것이다. 다양한 내용의 위협에 처해 있는 우리나라 보호지역의 보존과 관리에 대한 이의 바람직한 해결을 위해서는 결과적으로 동, 식물상 또는 집단이나 종 등의 개별적인 접근이 아닌 종합적인 접근방법을 필요로 하고 있다. 이러한 접근방법은 서식처, 종 및 집단의 관리에 대한 위협의 종류, 유효성과 잠재성 등을 종합적으로 평가할 수 있기 때문이다. 우리나라 보호지역의 보존전략에 대한 도서생물지리학과 서식처 분획화 및 주연부효과 이론 등의 적용은 현존의 서식처 패치에 대한 격리 및 분획화등의 역동적인 관계에 대한 이해를 보다용이하게 해주게 될 것이다. 또한 이러한 접근방법은 우리나라 식물상의 분포특성 및 현상에 대한 제반 지식에 기초를 둔 식물의 보존책의 하나로 이는 우리나라의 보호지역의 보존에 대한 보다 합리적인 접근방법이 될 것이다. 또한 이러한 적용을 기초로 하여 최소활성화집단의 규모 등의 개념 도입은 식물과 서식처 보존의 보다 바람직한 해결을 위한 종합적인 한 방법이 되리라 생각된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.6299-6303
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• 2012

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP3) has been identified as a putative tumor suppressor with multifunctional roles in the IGF axis. Recently, there have been a growing body of studies investigating the relation between the IGFBP3 A-202C polymorphism, circulating IGFBP3 and prostate cancer risk, but their outcomes varied leading to controversy. Hence, it is necessary to perform a meta-analysis covering all eligible studies to shed a light on the association of IGFBP3 A-202C and cancer risk. Finally, we included a total of 11 relevant articles between 2003 and 2010 covering 14 case-control studies including 9,238 cases and 8,741 controls for our analysis. Our results showed that A-202C was a marginal risk factor of prostate cancer (allele contrast: OR=1.08, 95% CI :1.01-1.16; dominant model: OR=1.11, 95% CI :1.01-1.22; heterozygote codominant model: OR=1.11, 95% CI :1.03-1.18; homozygote contrast: OR=1.19, 95% CI :1.03-1.37). Stratification analysis revealed that sample size and control source were two major heterogeneous meta-factors especially in the recessive model (source: Population-based control group :p=0.30,I2=16.7%, Hospital-based control group: p=0.20, I2=30.3%; sample size: Small: p=0.22,I2= 32.8%, Medium: p=0.09,I2=48%, Large p=0.60,I2=0.0%); However, contrary to previous findings, no significance was found in racial subgroups. No significant publication bias was found in our analysis. Considering the robustness of the results and the discrepancy among some studies, there might be some unsolved confounding factors, and further more critical large studies are needed for confirmation.

• 인지과학
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.37-51
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• 2000

컴퓨터 모니터에 제시되는 표적의 물리적 특성(표적의 크기, 표적까지의 거리, 표적의 방향, 주변자극들의 조밀도 등)이 입력도구에 따라서 표적의 탐색과 선택반응의 정확성과 반응시간에 미치는 영향을 밝히고자 하였다. 실험 1에서는 단순 표적이 현재의 커서위치로부터 방향과 거리를 달리하여 제시되었을 때 마우스를 이용한 포인팅 반응을 분석하였다. 그 결과, (1) 과대이동(overshooting)의 비율이 정확이동이나 과소이동(undershooting)보다 높았다. (2) 이러한 경향은 상하 혹은 좌우의 정방향보다는 사각방향으로 이동할 때 그리고 표적이 멀리 있을수록 증가하였다. (3) 과대/과소이동의 빈도는 사각에서 현저하였으나, 그 정도는 오히려 정방향에서 더 컸다. (4) 전체 수행과정을 계획, 이동, 조정, 반응수행단계로 구분할 때, 반응시간의 결정요인은 표적까기 마우스를 이동하는 단계였다. 실험 2에서는 실제 단어를 표적으로 사용하여 표적의 방향과 거리뿐만 아니라 표적의 크기와 방해자극들의 조밀도 수준을 체계적으로 변화시켰을 때, 키보드와 마우스에 의한 표적 선택시간을 분석하였다. 표적의 크기로는 한글 96의 글자크기 10, 12, 14를 사용하고, 자극들의 조밀도는 줄간격 100, 150 200%를 사용하였다. 그 결과, (1) 전반적으로는 키보드에 비해 마우스를 이용한 선택 반응시간이 짧았지만 커서를 상하 또는 좌우로만 이동하는 조건에서는 오히려 키보드의 반응시간이 더 짧았다. (3) 줄간격이 조밀하고(100%) 표적의 크기가 작을 때(10) 반응시간이 가장 길었다. (4) 키보드의 경우에는 줄간격 150% 조건에서 반응시간이 가장 짧은 반면, 마우스의 경우에는 줄간격이 커짐에 따라 반응시간이 증가하는 경향이 있었다. 마지막으로, 이 연구의 결과가 시사하는 입력도구의 특성과 표적의 물리적 특성간의 상호 관련성이 시스템의 설계에 어떻게 적용될 수 있는지 논의되었다.=-0.71435*)이었으나, 괴경중 총당 함량과는 정의 상관(r=0.78018*)을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 해충종합방제 프로그램을 확립하고 또한 새로운 내충성 품종의 육성에 기초자료가 될 것으로 생각된다.복현상에 대한 해석이 이루어져야 하겠다. 유의하게 높았으며, 남자노인보다는 여자노인이 식품섭취에 계절에 의한 영향을 더욱 더 많이 받는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 장수 노인들은 가공식품보다는 계절마다 제철에 생산 되는 자연 식품의 섭취비율이 높았다. 전반적으로 장수노인들은 소식의 경향을 보였으며 이 와 같은 소식습관과 신선한 식물성 식품들의 일상 섭취가 건강한 장수에 영향을 미쳤을 가 능성도 있을 것으로 사료된다.며, 지방 조직내 지방축적에 영향을 미친다는 것을 말해 준다.에서 하는 부모교육과 반상회의 홍보자료에 반상회의 홍보자료에 반드시환경친화적 음식소비행동에 관한 교육이 포함되어야 한다. 조리사의 경우 정기교육과정에 환경친화적 음식소비행동에 관한 홍보를 함께 함으로써 외식이나 단체급식에서 발행하는 음식물 쓰레기의 양을 줄 일 수 있을 것이다.m its genes controlling host specificity to its population sturctures and dynamics, have begun to provide new insights into the potential mechanisms underlying race variation. In this review we aim to provide an overview on (a) the molecular basis of host specificity of M. grisea, (b) the population structure and dynamics of rice pathogens, and (c) the nature and mechanisms of genetic changes underpinning virulence