• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.49-54
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• 2020

COVID-19 pandemic is an opportunity to recognize the necessity of information and telecommunications infrastructure which is base of information and telecommunication. This paper discusses the importance of information and telecommunications infrastructure in COVID-19 pandemic and overview proper institutional measures to fulfill state responsibility for establishment and protection of the infrastructure through documentary survey and normative study with juristic consideration. Information and telecommunications infrastructure has critical functions to respond to the pandemic and is one of the key to make digital transformation. A state is responsible for establishment and protection of Information and telecommunications infrastructure. Institutional measures have significance for the state responsibility and they are formed by not only statute but also constitution with making state object provision for establishment and protection of Information and telecommunications infrastructure. This paper shows premise and direction of further studies on related individual legislation.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.77-91
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• 2010

This study examined the Family and Consumer Sciences (FCS) National Standards with some examples at the state level, analyzed the previous studies relevant to curriculum implementation in the USA, and explored critical success factors in moving toward the new perspective curriculum in exemplary states. The process, in which the FCS discipline struggled to clarify the identity and image as well as to find the mission and vision, produced the FCS National Standards in 1998 and 2008 in the USA. The FCS National Standards were established to fulfill the mission of the FCS based on a critical science perspective. The previous research on a state level implementation indicated that the majority of FCS state administrators agreed that the National Standards positively influenced curriculum development. The critical success factors in integrating National Standards into local programs included the dissemination of thephilosophical works of Marjorie Brown, the foundation of the FCS curriculum with a critical science perspective, the establishment of National Standards corresponding to the philosophical works and a critical science perspective, the openness of state FCS administrators to educational reform, the construction of an infrastructure to support reform, and the commitment by university professors to develop a teacher training program. The critical success factors identified can be employed as an informative guide for the future development and implementation of the Family and Consumer Sciences curriculum in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.162-162
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• 2019

Water Distribution Network (WDN) is a critical infrastructure to be maintained ensuring proper water supply to wide-spread consumers. The WDN consists of pipes, valves, pumps and tanks, and these elements interact each other to provide adequate system performance. If elements fail by internal or external interruptions, it may result in adverse impact to water service with different degree depending on the failed element. To determine an appropriate maintenance priority, the critical elements need to be identified and mapped in the network. In order to identify and prioritize the critical elements in WDN, an element-based simulation approach is proposed, in which all the elements composing the WDN are reviewed one at a time. The element-based criticality is measured using several resilience indexes that are newly developed in this study. The proposed resilience indexes are used to quantify the impacts of element failure to water service degradation. Here, three resilience indexes are developed, such as User Demand Severity, Economic Value Loss and Water Age Degradation, each of which intends to measure different aspects of consequences, such as social, economic, and water quality, respectively. For demonstration, the proposed approach is applied to a benchmark water network to identify and prioritize the critical elements.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1605-1618
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• 2016

In recent years, security incidents - such as personal information leakage, homepage hacking, DDoS and etc. - targeting finance companies(banks, securities companies, credit card companies, insurance companies and etc.) have increased steadily. In this paper, we analyze problems of information security management level in the existing electronic financial infrastructure from perspective of compliance and information security certification system and propose improvements to enable sustainable high level of information security activities under a comprehensive management system for the financial sector characteristics using ISMS, SECU-STAR and CNIVAM system.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.474-479
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• 2011

With Beijing's success in bidding for the 2008 Olympic Games, the increasing demand for infrastructure development and reduced public sector funding capacity has created a significant funding gap which calls for alternative project delivery methods such as Public-Private Partnership (PPP). Although the exploration of infrastructure projects using PPP model have been practiced since the late 80s, the $560 million National Stadium which served as the main venue for the Olympic Games is the first stadium project in China to be delivered under PPP operation. The project is generally considered successful despite the concession transfer in 2009 with concern of better serving the public interest. Compared to other infrastructure projects such as transportation, waste management and water management, the development of major sports facilities for mega-sports events with PPP has its own unique features and is subject to different major risks. This research identifies and analyzes critical risks in the implementation of PPP in major sports facility development through case study of the National Stadium project. A questionnaire survey and several interviews are conducted to solicit expert opinions from experienced practitioners. The purpose is to provide additional insights in risk management strategies and opportunities in China's PPP implementations in major sports facilities for policy makers and private sectors involved with investment decisions in future similar infrastructure development.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.6 no.10
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• pp.2750-2763
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• 2012

The Domain Name System (DNS) is a critical Internet infrastructure that provides name to address mapping services. In the past decade, Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks have targeted the DNS infrastructure and threaten to disrupt this critical service. While the flooding DoS attacks may be alleviated by the DNS caching mechanism, we show in this paper that flooding DoS attacks utilizing name error queries is capable of bypassing the cache of resolvers and thereby impose overwhelming flooding attacks on the name servers. We analyze the impacts of such DoS attacks on both name servers and resolvers, which are further illustrated by May 19 China's DNS Collapse. We also propose the detection and defense approaches for protecting DNS servers from such DoS attacks. In the proposal, the victim zones and attacking clients are detected through monitoring the number of corresponding responses maintained in the negative cache. And the attacking queries can be mitigated by the resolvers with a sample proportion adaptive to the percent of queries for the existent domain names. We assess risks of the DoS attacks by experimental results. Measurements on the request rate of DNS name server show that this kind of attacks poses a substantial threat to the current DNS service.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.781-790
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• 2013

Nowadays, national critical infrastructures have been known to be highly vulnerable to the EMP threats which are internationally growing. But their realistic solutions have been not made by the lack of detailed rules and regulations in current laws, however, which cover most of cyber threats. This paper takes a look at the domestic and overseas trends on the EMP protections, and proposes the revision directives of relevant laws and the contents included into the proposed legislation. Among them, the amendment of the current "Information Infrastructure Protection Act" is considered to be the most effective, including provisions on protected informations, industrial promotions, R&D supports, education, etc. Anyway, this paper is expected to be helpful for introducing an effective legal scheme on the CIP against EMP threats. domestic rule.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.81-94
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• 2003

The British railway safety research group has developed a risk assessment model for the railway infrastructure and major railway accidents. The major hazardous factors of the railway infrastructure were identified and classified in the model. The frequency rates of critical top events were predicted by the fault tree analysis method using failure data of the railway system components and ratings of railway maintenance experts, The consequences of critical top events were predicted by the event tree analysis method. They classified the Joss of accident due to railway system into personal. commercial and environmental damages. They also classified 110 hazardous event due to railway system into three categories. train accident. movement accident and non-movement accident. The risk assessment model of the British railway system has been designed to take full account of both the high frequency low consequence type events (events occurring routinely for which there is significant quantity of recorded data) and the low frequency high consequence events (events occurring rarely for which there is little recorded data). The results for each hazardous event were presented in terms of the frequency of occurrence (number of events/year) and the risk (number of equivalent fatalities per year).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.65-75
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• 2022

Urban flood management(UFM) strategy ought to consider the connections and interactions between existing and new infrastructures to manage stormwater and improve the capacity to treat water. It is also important to demonstrate strategies that can be implemented to reduce the flow at flooding sources and minimize flood risk at critical locations. Although the general theory of spatial impact is popular, modeling guidelines that can provide information for implementation in real-world plans are still lacking. Under such background, this study conducted a modeling research based on an actual target site to confirm the hypothesis that it is appropriate to install green infrastructure(GI) in the source area and to take structural protection measures in the impact area, as summarized in previous studies. The results of the study proved the hypothesis, but the results were different from the hypothesis depending on which hydrological performance indicators were targeted. This study will contribute to demonstrating the effectiveness of strategies that can be implemented to reduce the flow at flooding sources and minimize the risk of flooding in critical locations in terms of spatial planning and regeneration.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.359-371
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• 2022

Bridges are critical to the civil engineering infrastructure network as they facilitate movement of people, the transportation of goods and services. Given the aging of bridge infrastructure, federal officials mandate visual inspections biennially to identify necessary repair actions which are time, cost, and labor-intensive. Additionally, the expansion joints of bridges are rarely monitored due to cost. However, expansion joints are critical as they absorb movement from thermal effects, loadings strains, impact, abutment settlement, and vehicle motion movement. Thus, the need to monitor bridge expansion joints efficiently, at a low cost, and wirelessly is desired. This paper addresses bridge joint monitoring needs to develop a cost-effective, real-time wireless system that can be validated in a full-scale bridge structure. To this end, a wireless expansion joint monitoring was developed using commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) sensors. An in-service bridge was selected as a testbed to validate the performance of the developed system compared with traditional displacement sensor, LVDT, temperature and humidity sensors. The short-term monitoring campaign with the wireless sensor system with the internet protocol version 6 over the time slotted channel hopping mode of IEEE 802.15.4e (6TiSCH) network showed reliable results, providing high potential of the developed system for effective joint monitoring at a low cost.