• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.174-174
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• 2014

Memristor devices are one of the most promising candidate approaches to next-generation memory technologies. Memristive switching phenomena usually rely on repeated electrical resistive switching between non-volatile resistance states in an active material under the application of an electrical stimulus, such as a voltage or current. Recent reports have explored the use of variety of external operating parameters, such as the modulation of an applied magnetic field, temperature, or illumination conditions to activate changes in the memristive switching behaviors. Among these possible choices of signal controlling factors of memristor, photon is particularly attractive because photonic signals are not only easier to reach directly over long distances than electrical signal, but they also efficiently manage the interactions between logic devices without any signal interference. Furthermore, due to the inherent wave characteristics of photons, the facile manipulation of the light ray enables incident light angle controlled memristive switching. So that, in the tautological sense, device orienting position with regard to a photon source determines the occurrence of memristive switching as well. To demonstrate this position controlled memory device functionality, we have fabricated a metal-semiconductor-metal memristive switching nanodevice using ZnO nanorods. Superhydrophobicity employed in this memristor gives rise to illumination direction selectivity as an extra controlling parameter which is important feature in emerging. When light irradiates from a point source in water to the surface treated device, refraction of light ray takes place at the water/air interface because of the optical density differences in two media (water/air). When incident light travels through a higher refractive index medium (water; n=1.33) to lower one (air; n=1), a total reflection occurs for incidence angles over the critical value. Thus, when we watch the submerged NW arrays at the view angles over the critical angle, a mirror-like surface is observed due to the presence of air pocket layer. From this processes, the reversible switching characteristics were verified by modulating the light incident angle between the resistor and memristor.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.85-96
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effect of perceptions regarding the importance of patient safety management in the relationship between incident reporting attitudes and patient safety care activities for nurses in small-and medium-sized general hospitals. The objective was to provide a basis for planning tailored training programs aimed at improving patient safety care activities. Methods : This study was conducted with 187 participants in small- and medium-sized general hospitals in K city in South Korea from March 15 to March 31, 2019. The data collected from participants were analyzed using descriptive statistics, a t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and a multiple regression using IBM SPSS/WIN 21.0 software. Results : Patient safety care activities were found to be correlated with incident reporting attitudes (r=.27, p < .001) and perceptions of the importance of patient safety management (r=.59, p < .001). Further, perceptions of the importance of patient safety management had a complete mediating effect (${\beta}=.409$, p < .001) on the relationship between incident reporting attitudes and patient safety care activities. Conclusion : Based on the findings of this study, tailored training programs regarding patient safety care activities focused on boosting perceptions of the importance of patient safety management are highly recommended to improve nurses' patient safety care activities in small- and medium-sized general hospitals.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.283-292
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• 2004

Today's fast-paced world is becoming increasingly characterized by technology-facilitated transactions. Growing numbers of customers interact with technology to create service outcomes instead of interacting with a service firm employee. Self-service technologies provide technological interfaces that enable customers to produce a service independent of direct service employee involvement. To investigate on the customer satisfaction with self-technological based product design in Subway. I used the critical incident technique developed by Flanagan(1954) with quantitative measures of attributions. In this research, it results that customers are considered more important the value of technological-function and easy to use than the aspect of automated machine. It is likely that the technological aspect of many self-service options has a unique influence on customer perceptions of self-service encounters. Also, Research has shown that customer's needs are defined as situations in which external environmental factors add a sense of urgency to the transaction and saved time. On the other hand, customers realize that their favorable image of self-technological based product follows as ; first, customers prefer to the simple & modern image on the aspect of product design, secondly, customers prefer to the hitech-functional image to do its job fast in a short time by automated technology on the aspect of functional service, thirdly, customers prefer to the comfortable and sanitary image to be suitable for the underground circumstance.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Pressure Vessels and Piping
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.65-74
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• 2021

This study aims to assess the effect of postulated seismic loads on the structural integrity of a spent nuclear fuel dry storage facility. Firstly, three-dimensional modal and response spectrum analyses were carried out. With regard to the latter analysis, the effect of incident angles against two horizontal and one vertical response spectra was also considered. Results showed that even though two critical locations were predicted at the longitudinal axis central part of upper flow path as well as the end discontinuity part of upper and lower flow paths connector, their maximum principal stress values were less than the tensile strength. Moreover, since the influence of vertical angle was 87% higher than that of horizontal angle in particular, which should be carefully handled to demonstrate integrity of the facility.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.455-461
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• 2017

The Hebei Spirit oil spill incident occurred in December 7, 2007 and caused approximately $12,547k{\ell}$ of crude oil spillage along 370km off the west coast of Korea. Due to the astronomical and irrecoverable damage to the marine ecosystems and the overall living standards of the residents, the oil spill incident has been notoriously named as the "worst oil spill incident" occurred in Korea. Nevertheless, though almost a decade has passed since the tragic incident in Korea, it appears that compensation and recovery efforts seem not close to satisfaction and the local residents are still struggling with various negative impacts incurred by the incident because of critical cleavage among the interests of the relevant parties to the incident. In this paper, the analysis of Hebei Spirit oil spill incident regarding two aspects was carried out; First, meticulously analyze the practical and statistical data of the incident to precisely examine the fundamental causes for its occurrence to further prevent the reoccurrence of such disastrous incident; and the second, comprehensively inspect reasons for the protracted and inefficient damage recovery and victim-oriented compensation. To be specific, this study observed the levels of compensation against damages from the incident, and the adequacy of it in terms of ultimately and inclusively addressing financial, social and ecological aspects based primarily upon the legal verdicts, and statistical and empirical surveys.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1749-1753
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• 2002

The effect of concentration fluctuations on the changes of azimuth and ellipticity are analytically obtained in a binary chiral liquid mixture, when the incident light is completely linearly polarized above (or below) the horizontal at 45°. The important results are as follows;(1) When the binary liquid is in the critical region far from the cr5itical point, the ellipticity change is proportional to isothermal compressibility factor and the fifth order of frequency and shows the logarithmic divergence. (2) In the case that the system is in the critical region far from the critical point, the azimuth change is solely due to the molecular contribution. As the system approaches to the critical point, the effect of fluctuations becomes important. If it is in the extreme close to the critical point, the term due to the concentration fluctuations is comparable to or larger than the molecular contribution.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.184-193
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to determine the detailed customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction factors of family restaurants in Korea, and to then classify the factors into 3 groups, inlcuding core service, quality service, and basic service. ‘Core service’ represents the critical factors that generate both satisfaction and dissatisfaction; ‘quality service’ generates only satisfaction; and ‘basic service’ generates only dissatisfaction. This categorization is based on Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory (1976) as well as Cadotte & Turgeon (1988). Based on the characteristics of the three groups, differentiation strategies in managing customer service were suggested to the family restaurant managers. A qualitative research method, termed the critical incident technique (CIT), was used in the study. This method helps researchers find new factors or attributes by grouping key issues from the anecdotes (critical incidents) and then categorizing common factors from the key issues. This research categorized key satisfiers and dissatisfiers into 33 factors, which were from 402 critical incidents described by 261 respondents. Eleven factors (response to service failures, food taste and quality, attention paid to customers, coupon/mileage point/discount card, customer’s ordinary requests, waiting, food diversity, food price, facility sanitation, checking out, customer’s special requests) were classified into core service, which required maximum management not regarding the level of customer satisfaction. Six factors (employee attitude, event, education and explanation, complementary food, customer’s mistakes, attention paid to children) were classified into quality service, which required differentiation strategy management. Finally, nine factors (speed of food service, employee’s mistakes, food sanitation, atmosphere and interior, seating, forcing orders, parking, other customers, reservations) were classified into basic service, which required minimum management at the level of the industry standards.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.957-979
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• 2015

The present paper investigates the influence of the orientation of the ground-motion reference axes, the seismic incident angle and the seismic intensity level on the inelastic response of asymmetric reinforced concrete buildings. A single storey asymmetric building is analyzed by nonlinear dynamic analyses under twenty bi-directional ground motions. The analyses are performed for many angles of incidence and four seismic intensity levels. Moreover three different pairs of the horizontal accelerograms corresponding to the input seismic motion are considered: a) the recorded accelerograms, b) the corresponding uncorrelated accelerograms, and c) the completely correlated accelerograms. The nonlinear response is evaluated by the overall structural damage index. The results of this study demonstrate that the inelastic seismic response depends on the orientation of the ground-motion reference axes, since the three individual pairs of accelerograms corresponding to the same ground motion (recorded, uncorrelated and completely correlated) can cause different structural damage level for the same incident angle. Furthermore, the use of the recorded accelerograms as seismic input does not always lead to the critical case of study. It is also shown that there is not a particular seismic incident angle or range of angles that leads to the maximum values of damage index regardless of the seismic intensity level or the ground-motion reference axes.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.409-428
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• 2016

The mechanical and aerodynamic effect of building shape plays a dominate role in the pedestrian level wind environment. These effects have been presented in numerous studies and are available in many wind codes. However, most studies have focused on wind flow around conventional buildings and are limited to few wind directions. The present study investigated wind circulation in the re-entrant corners of cross-shaped high-rise buildings from various wind directions. The investigation focused on the pedestrian level wind environment in the re-entrant corners with different aspect ratios of building arrangements. Ninety cases of case study arrangements were evaluated using wind tunnel experimentation. The results show that for adequate wind circulation in the re-entrant corners, building orientations and separations play a critical role. Furthermore, in normal wind incident directions and at a high aspect ratio, poor wind flow was observed in the re-entrant corners. Moreover, it was noted that an optimized building orientation and aspect ratio significantly improved the wind flow in re-entrant corners and through passages. In addition, it was observed that oblique wind incident direction increased wind circulation in the re-entrant corners and through passages.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.78 no.4
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• pp.349-355
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• 2015

Background: The tuberculin skin test (TST) is the standard tool to diagnose latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in mass screening. The aim of this study is to find an optimal cut-off point of the TST+ rate within tuberculosis (TB) contacts to predict the active TB development among adolescents in school TB outbreaks. Methods: The Korean National Health Insurance Review and Assessment database was used to identify active TB development in relation to the initial TST (cut-off, 10 mm). The 7,475 contacts in 89 schools were divided into two groups: Incident TB group (43 schools) and no incident TB group (46 schools). LTBI treatment was initiated in 607 of the 1,761 TST+ contacts. The association with active TB progression was examined at different cut-off points of the TST+ rate. Results: The mean duration of follow-up was $3.9{\pm}0.9years$. Thirty-three contacts developed active TB during the 4,504 person-years among the TST+ contacts without LTBI treatment (n=1,154). The average TST+ rate for the incident TB group (n=43) and no incident TB group (n=46) were 31.0% and 15.5%, respectively. The TST+ rate per group was related with TB progression (odds ratio [OR], 1.025; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.001-1.050; p=0.037). Based on the TST+ rate per group, active TB was best predicted at TST+ ${\geq}$ 16% (OR, 3.11; 95% CI, 1.29-7.51; area under curve, 0.64). Conclusion: Sixteen percent of the TST+ rate per group within the same grade students can be suggested as an optimal cut-off to predict active TB development in middle and high schools TB outbreaks.