• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 1993

It was found that the basic principle of continuous crystal growth method was following as; the powder supplied from the feeding system is molten in the graphite crucible under the ambient gas. After forming the molten zone in the lower part of the crucible, the seed crystal is deeped into the melt and pulled down with the rotation so that the melt crystallized from the seed. When the lowering rate, rotation rate, feeding rate and temperature are correct, the single crystal can grow. The critical melt level, the feeding rate, the growth rate, the change of the shape of molten zone by the graphite susceptor and crucible, the position of work coil, the balance between the gravitational force of melt and the centrifugal force originated from the rotation of seed which are the variables of the crystal growth and the sintering phenomenon of melt surface were researched.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.353-362
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• 2022

Small and medium businesses (SMEs) play a critical role in the economy, yet they are plagued by a shortage of finance. Determining the influence of cash sources both inside and outside the firm is critical to the company's survival and growth. As a result, the purpose of this research is to determine the impact of capital on the growth of SMEs in Vietnam. The key factors of this research are equity and liabilities, which are two proxies for a firm's capital. The data is based on the results of a survey conducted every two years from 2005 to 2015, which included over 2,600 SMEs in 20 processing and manufacturing industries in ten provinces and cities, including Hanoi, Hai Phong, Ho Chi Minh City, Ha Tay, Phu Tho, Nghe An, Quang Nam, Khanh Hoa, Lam Dong, and Long An. The findings show that characteristics such as equity capital, total workforce growth rate, and male entrepreneurs have a positive impact on enterprise growth, whereas liabilities, firm age, and export have a negative impact on enterprise growth. The study has demonstrated that equity has a positive impact while liabilities have a negative impact on the growth of Vietnamese SMEs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 1998.02a
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• pp.156-157
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• 1998

It is a diffcult and challenging pproblem to control the growth of eppitaxial films. Heteroeppitaxy is esppecially idfficult because of the lattice mismatch between sub-strate and depposited layers. This mismatch leads usually to a three dimensional(3D) island growth. But the use of surfactants such as As, Sb, and Bi can be beneficial in obtaining high quality heteroeppitaxial films. In this study medium energy ion scattering sppectroscoppy(MEIS) was used in order to reveal the growth mode of Ge on Si(001) and the strain of depposited film without and with dynamically supplied atomic hydrogen at the growth thempperature of 35$0^{\circ}C$. It was ppossible to control the growth mode from layer-by-layer followed by 3D island to layer-by-layer by controlling the hydrogen flux. In the absent of hydro-gen the film grows in the layer-by-layer mode within the critical thickness(about 3ML) and the 3D island formation is followed(Fig1). The 3D island formation is suppressed by introducing hydrogen resulting in layer-by-layer growth beyond the critical thickness(Fig2) We measured angular shift of blocking dipp in order to obtain the structural information on the thin films. In the ppressence of atomic hydrogen the blocking 야 is shifted toward higher scattering angle about 1。. That means the film is distorted tetragonally and strained therefore(Fig4) In other case the shift of blocking dipp at 3ML is almost same as pprevious case. But above the critical thickness the pposition of blocking dipp is similar to that of Si bulk(Fig3). It means the films is relaxed from the first layer. There is 4.2% lattice mismatch between Ge and Si. That mismatch results in about 2。 shift of blocking dipp. We measured about 1。 shift. This fact could be due to the intermixing of Ge and Si. This expperimental results are consistent with Vegard's law which says that the lattice constant of alloys is linear combination of the lattic constants of the ppure materials.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.53-64
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• 2018

This paper deals with the study of solutions for the elliptic system with jumping nonlineartity and growth nonlinearity and Dirichlet boundary condition. We apply the two critical point theorem when proving the existence of nontrivial solutions for the elliptic system. We define the energy functional associated to the elliptic system and prove that the functional has two critical values.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.174-181
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• 2005

In order to investigate the behavior of fatigue crack growth of SiC-particulate- reinforced Al-Si alloy composites, fatigue tests using single edge notched tension(SENT) specimens were performed. Composite materials were manufactured by using both permanent die casting and extrusion processes with different volume fractions of $10\%\;and\;20\%$. $SiC_p-reinfurced$ Al-Si composites showed the increased levels of threshold stress intensity factor range, ${\Delta}K_{th}$, for the increased volume fractions of SiC particles, which implies the increased fatigue crack growth resistance at the threshold or low ${\Delta}K$ levels, compared to the unreinforced Al-Si alloy. In the Paris region, however, the composites showed the increased rate of crack growth resulting in the unfavorable effects on the fatigue crack growth resistance. Critical stress intensity factor range at unstable crack growth leading to final fracture decreased as the volume fraction of SiC particle increased, because of the reduced fracture toughness of the composites. Extruded materials showed higher threshold and critical values than the cast materials.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.301-315
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• 2018

This study explores the critical reflection process experienced by home economics preservice teachers during practicum. Data were collected in a critical analysis of class, practicum review, and journals written by sixteen preservice teachers. Text material were composed of 188 transcripts on A4 paper and 36 page of mini-notes. The collected data were analyzed by a thematic coding method in qualitative research and proceeded in the order of three steps of transference, coding, and subject discovery. The emerging themes were: 1) Observing class 2) Practicing class 3) Growth of class practice 4) Reflecting class. First, the observing class was an exploration process through the viewing of daily classes that involved the process of recognizing the classroom situation and various classroom contexts. Second, the practicing class was to strengthen the consideration of the class to form a relationship that could lead to learning in educational situations. Third, the growth of class practice was intended to recognize the orientation of the subject matter with pedagogical content knowledge. Four, the reflecting class was the process of experiencing practice with a continuous understanding of the class, class reflection, and changing the perspective from the current status. There is a part where critical reflection is difficult to be promoted deeply during 4 weeks; however, there was a possibility of a reflection practice that could promote achievement through the experience of a practicing class.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.127-131
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• 2002

Critical nitrogen concentration (Nc), which is defined as the minimum % N in shoots required to maintain the maximum growth rate of top dry weight (W) at any time, was determined for rice plant. Using two rice varietal groups, japonica varieties and an indica $\times$ japonica "Dasanbyeo", 18 data points fulfilling the statistical criteria for determining Nc were obtained through eight N-fertilization experiments over two years at Suwon (37$^{\circ}$16'N), Korea. Nc dilution curve for each variety was obtained by fitting the Nc-W relationship to power function. However, The critical nitrogen curves for the two variety groups were not different statistically. Thus, a Nc dilution curve was fitted for the Nc data points pooled over the two variety groups and proposed in rice as: Nc=4.08, where W＜1.73 t h $a^{-1}$ , Nc=5.197 $W^{0.425}$3/ ($R^2$=0.964), where 1.73 t h $a^{-1}$ ＜W＜12 t h $a^{-l}$. The Nc for W＜1.73 t h $a^{-l}$ were estimated as a constant value of 4.08%, the mean value of the maximum N concentration for N-limiting condition and the minimum N concentration for N non-limiting condition. The model for Nc is applicable to diagnosing the nitrogen nutrition status during the rice growth period from emergence to heading stage. The Nc curve well discriminated the 144 data points between the N limiting and the N non-limiting groups regardless of varieties, cultural methods, and years.-limiting groups regardless of varieties, cultural methods, and years.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.18-22
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• 2017

Addition of $BaSnO_3$ (BSO) to $GdBa_2Cu_3O_{7-{\delta}}$ (GdBCO) is reported to enhance the flux pinning property of GdBCO thick films. To investigate the effect of growth condition on the pinning properties, 700 nm-thick BSO-added GdBCO films deposited with varying temperatures and growth rates were prepared by using a pulsed laser deposition method. As the deposition temperature increases, the critical current density and the pinning force density show an improved field dependence up to $750^{\circ}C$ due to the increase in the formation of the a-axis growth and the BSO nanostructures. The films deposited at higher temperatures show degraded surfaces and as a result, degraded pinning behaviors. For the change in growth rate, the critical current density and the pinning force increase as the repetition rate increase at low magnetic fields, but this behavior is reversed in high magnetic fields. These results indicate that the film growth conditions significantly affect the formation of BSO nanostructures and the pinning properties of BSO-added GdBCO films.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.203-211
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• 2022

Foreign direct investment (FDI) has increased at an exponential rate during the last two decades. It is now a feature of emerging market economies as well. Foreign direct investment and financial development are important factors in an economy's growth. Various studies have examined the impact of foreign direct investment and financial development on economic growth in different countries and areas. However, the findings are currently inconclusive. Using updated data from 1970 to 2020, this study will examine the relationships between FDI, financial development, and economic growth in 30 rising economies.GDP is the dependent variable, while FDI, financial development, trade openness, infrastructure, exchange rate, and GDP growth are the independent factors. To estimate the panel data, we used the most recent econometric models. The study's major findings suggest that FDI and financial development are critical determinants in emerging economies' economic progress. Furthermore, multiple robustness checks supported the study's empirical findings. The results of this study include various practical recommendations for investors, governments, and policymakers, given the increased interest in global economic integration and member states' reliance on FDI as a critical aspect of sustaining prosperity.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.125-145
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• 2011

Facilitating critical thinking is important for students' cognitive growth and knowledge acquisition. This study examines the dimensions of tutors' roles in facilitating the critical thinking required for problem solving in online discussions. The research procedures include identifying the research problems related to critical thinking skills; synthesizing theories and perspectives on critical thinking skills; and analyzing, validating, and determining tutors' roles. Using the results of this study, problem solving processes are divided into four phases: analyzing, judging, inferencing, and meta-cognitively evaluating. Tutors' roles in online problem solving can be categorized into four domains: cognitive, social, managerial, and technical. Tutors' roles in each domain are specifically analyzed, and the strengths, weaknesses, and improvements in tutors' facilitation of critical thinking for online problem solving are evaluated.