• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.129-147
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• 2015

Building on previous literature of human resource management and development, this paper investigates the effect of various characteristics of informal education a firm offers on employees' individual creativity. we identify quantity, quality, and variety as three critical components of informal educational and training circumstances. Data from a multi-informant survey conducted to 442 employees in Korean postal service show that a firm's informal educational training has significant effects on its employee creativity. The results indicate that enough high quality of program, various training method have a positive relationship with his/her individual creativity although time and opportunity don't have an critical impact on employee creativity. This study highlights the importance of a firm's informal education in terms of motivation and skills, and helps to explain individual discrepancies in creativity.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.212-218
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• 2015

We describe a comparative analysis of different tools used to assess safety-critical software used in nuclear power plants. To enhance the credibility of safety assessments and to optimize safety justification costs, $Electricit{\acute{e}}$ de France (EDF) investigates the use of methods and tools for source code semantic analysis, to obtain indisputable evidence and help assessors focus on the most critical issues. EDF has been using the PolySpace tool for more than 10 years. Currently, new industrial tools based on the same formal approach, Abstract Interpretation, are available. Practical experimentation with these new tools shows that the precision obtained on one of our shutdown systems software packages is substantially improved. In the first part of this article, we present the analysis principles of the tools used in our experimentation. In the second part, we present the main characteristics of protection-system software, and why these characteristics are well adapted for the new analysis tools. In the last part, we present an overview of the results and the limitations of the tools.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.147-159
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• 2004

Empirical evidence on the maintainability of object-oriented systems is far from conclusive, partly due to lack of representativeness of the subjects and systems used in the study. The present research empirically examined this issue with the systems that are mission-critical. currently operational and maintained by professionals. It was found that the 00 group appeared to consume less time while maintaining more amount of software artifacts than the NOO counterpart. This economical utilization of time appeared evident regardless of software development life cycle. This was due to the usefulness of UML for impact analysis which contributed to effective comprehension and communication. Insufficient design specifications led to ambiguity and costly defects in transferring design solutions to development. Also. the encapsulation of 00 seemed to reduce mental loads at maintenance tasks and improved code reuse. However, the number of files to manage increased and thus. dependency management is required for the 00 systems.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.39 no.9
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• pp.956-963
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• 1990

The general shapes of prebreakdown pulses in a discharge gap were calculated and the current pulses due to avalanche were detected in SF6 by changing the polarity of the protrusion placed on an electrode at pressures up to about 400 Kpa. The mathematical model of prebreakdown pulse development with a negative protrusion shows agreement with the observed pulses. No evidence of intense bursts of field-emitted electrons was observed. Breakdown probably results from a single avalanche developing to a critical size. However the calculated shape of prebreakdown current pulse does not agree with the observed pulses with a positive protrusion. The breakdown is preceded by multiple avalanche development at pressures less than about 200 Kpa. This observation has been interpreted as due to the formation of negative ions following photoionization in the gas which drift into the critical volume near a positive protrusion.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.75-84
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• 2021

Objectives : To examine texts dealing with the Wenyilun in South Korea and to re-evaluate its medical theories that have been underrated in previous texts. Methods : The contents and organization of the Gejiaxueshuo were analyzed. In addition, a research paper on the overall contents of the Wenyilun was studied. Results : Common theories of the miscellaneous qi that were mentioned in the two documents such as 'specificity', 'nine-part transition treatment theory', and 'one disease one formula' are either irrelevant or resulting from erroneous interpretation. While both texts evaluated the merits and harms of the Wenyilun, erroneously deducted contents were used as evidence for negative assessments in both. Conclusions : Should the contents of the Wenyilun be evaluated with a focus on the critical points that clinicians with vast experiences with epidemic disease patients raised, we would be judging the text differently.

• BMB Reports
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• v.56 no.9
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• pp.469-481
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• 2023

The gut microbiome is widely recognized as a dynamic organ with a profound influence on human physiology and pathology. Extensive epidemiological and longitudinal cohort studies have provided compelling evidence that disruptions in the early-life microbiome can have long-lasting health implications. Various factors before, during, and after birth contribute to shaping the composition and function of the neonatal and infant microbiome. While these alterations can be partially restored over time, metabolic phenotypes may persist, necessitating research to identify the critical period for early intervention to achieve phenotypic recovery beyond microbiome composition. In this review, we provide current understanding of changes in the gut microbiota throughout life and the various factors affecting these changes. Specifically, we highlight the profound impact of early-life gut microbiota disruption on the development of diseases later in life and discuss perspectives on efforts to recover from such disruptions.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.86 no.3
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• pp.151-157
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• 2023

The introduction of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) for the management of asthma has led to a decrease in acute exacerbation of asthma. However, there are concerns regarding the safety of long-term ICS use, particularly pneumonia. Growing evidence indicates that ICS use is associated with an increased risk of pneumonia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, whereas the risk in patients with asthma remains unclear. This review discusses the effect of ICS on pneumonia among patients with asthma to update the existing literature. Asthma is associated with an increased risk of pneumonia. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain this association, including that asthma impairs the clearance of bacteria owing to chronic inflammation. Therefore, controlling airway inflammation with ICS may prevent the occurrence of pneumonia in asthma. In addition, two meta-analyses investigating randomized control trials showed that ICS use was associated with a protective effect against pneumonia in asthma.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.79 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 2016

Cough is one of the most common symptom of many respiratory diseases. The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases organized cough guideline committee and cough guideline was developed by this committee. The purpose of this guideline is to help clinicians to diagnose correctly and treat efficiently patients with cough. In this article, we have stated recommendation and summary of Korean cough guideline. We also provided algorithm for acute, subacute, and chronic cough. For chronic cough, upper airway cough syndrome (UACS), cough variant asthma (CVA), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) should be considered. If UACS is suspicious, first generation anti-histamine and nasal decongestant can be used empirically. In CVA, inhaled corticosteroid is recommended in order to improve cough. In GERD, proton pump inhibitor is recommended in order to improve cough. Chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, bronchiolitis, lung cancer, aspiration, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, habit, psychogenic cough, interstitial lung disease, environmental and occupational factor, tuberculosis, obstructive sleep apnea, peritoneal dialysis, and idiopathic cough can be also considered as cause of chronic cough. Level of evidence for treatment is mostly low. Thus, in this guideline, many recommendations are based on expert opinion. Further study regarding treatment for cough is mandatory.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.5107-5110
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• 2014

Background: The incidence rate of thyroid cancer has been increasing worldwide in recent years, and it is also the most prevalent cancer when it comes to the number of patients among Korean women. With it, ultrasonographic screening test has also become very common. However, there is still controversy over the performance of this screening test. Therefore, the National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency (NECA) organized a Round-table Conference on the issues regarding ultrasonographic screening for thyroid cancer in Korea. The objective of the conference was mainly about delivering worthwhile information reflecting social value for the current situation, which was based on evidence surrounding thyroid cancer screening that relevant experts investigated and agreed on. The significance of this Round-table Conference lies in the fact that we reviewed the current evidence, and we were able to discuss the social value and future direction for ultrasonographic screening in Korea.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.73 no.5
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• pp.273-277
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• 2012

Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (PLE) is a rare syndrome characterized by memory impairment, affective and behavioral disturbances and seizures. Among many different neoplasms known to cause PLE, small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most frequently reported. The pathogenesis is not fully understood but is believed to be autoimmune-related. We experienced a patient with typical clinical features of PLE. A 67-year-old man presented with seizure and disorientation. Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated high signal intensity in the bilateral amygdala and hippocampus in flair and T2-weighted images suggestive of limbic encephalitis. Cerebrospinal fluid tapping revealed no evidence of malignant cells or infection. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography showed a lung mass with pleural effusion and a consequent biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of PLE associated with SCLC. The patient was subsequently treated with chemotherapy and neurologic symptoms gradually improved.