• 기술혁신연구
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.147-165
• /
• 2008

The researches on cyclical patterns of R&D investment has a long history in developed economies since the Schumpeterian hypothesis that long-term productivity-enhancing innovative activities increase during recession. But in Korea the cyclical patterns of R&D investment is one of the unexplored academic areas. Unlike theoretical explanation of R&D's cyclical pattern, empirical results has shown that R&D investment is procyclical to business cycles in developed countries. This paper investigates whether Korean R&D investment show procyclical or countercyclical pattern to business cycles. The empirical results show that Korean R&D investment in private area is procyclical to business cycles with statistical significance, which confirms the credit-constraint theory's prediction, while public area's is not sensitive to them. Public R&D investment has long-term investment characteristics and can be utilized to stabilize procyclically-fluctuating private R&D investment.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.19-44
• /
• 2015

This paper examines the effect of the global financial crisis on corporate investment in Korea. Specifically, the crisis was considered to have possibly constrained firm-level investment as the negative shock to the credit supply dramatically unfolded. As Duchin et al. (2010) demonstrated, if a negative supply-side shock is evident during a crisis period, larger cash holdings before the crisis will lead to fewer constraints to corporate investment, or vice versa. In order to investigate the supply-side effect of the crisis, we use firm-level financial data, including firms listed on the Korean stock market as well as small and medium-sized enterprises. We find that corporate investment declined significantly after the crisis, even if we control for factors associated with the demand side, such as contemporaneous capital productivity and cash flow. More importantly, the decline is positively and significantly related to cash holdings before the crisis, implying the negative effect of a credit supply shock. Small and medium enterprises experienced relatively sharp investment declines compared to those of larger firms, and the relationship between pre-crisis cash amounts and the degree of investment decline is greater than that in large firms. Additionally, we examine whether the negative effect persists up to the present, finding evidence that the cash-investment relationship continues in small and medium-sized enterprises.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.111-143
• /
• 2011

고용창출효과를 제고하기 위해서 노동 수요 측면의 임금보조를 현행 세액공제 방식에서 사회보험료감면 방식으로 대체해야 한다는 주장이 지속적으로 제기되고 있는 상황에서, 본 연구는 이론분석을 통해 이러한 주장의 타당성을 과학적으로 검증하기 위해 수행되었다. 분석 결과, 사회보험료감면 방식의 우월 여부는 사회보험 사각지대 존재 여부에 따라 다르게 나타나는데, 사각지대가 존재하지 않는 경우 사회보험료감면 방식이 고용창출 측면에서 세액공제 방식보다 우월하나, 사각지대가 존재하는 경우에는 사회보험료감면 방식의 우월성이 보장될 수 없다. 따라서 사회보험료감면 방식의 우월성을 구현하기 위해서는 사회보험 사각지대를 최소화함으로써 모든 기업이 임금보조 혜택을 받을 수 있는 토대를 마련하는 것이 긴요하다. 또한 기업별 고용여건(임금수준, 고용반응도 등)을 고려하여 감면비율을 차등적용함으로써 고용창출효과 극대화를 도모할 필요가 있다.

• 한국전자거래학회지
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.79-94
• /
• 1997

Commerce activities which are free form space and time constraint using a communication network are called Electronic Commerce(EC). Because of sending a commercial information using open network such as Internet in EC, they need the security of commerce information (payment information and purchase information), checking the integrity of transferring data and certifying all parts participated in commerce for a secure commerce. Recently Visa and MasterCard Co. released the Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) Protocol for secure payment card transaction on Internet. This paper proposes a Secure Electronic Commerce Transaction Model(SECTM) using SET in order to support the secure commerce on Internet. The proposed transaction model prevents merchant from abusing the cardholder's payment information (credit-card number etc.) and enables cardholder to shop securely in Electronic Shopping Mall.

• 융합경영연구
• /
• 제3권3호
• /
• pp.7-23
• /
• 2015

Women are more disadvantaged than men in many fronts and this confines them to informal sector livelihood activities. Any attempt to improve women's economic status will require information on the organization, cost and returns to investment in the livelihood activities in which they predominate. This is the issue for this study which compared yield performance in artisanal fishing and fresh fish marketing. Primary data collected through multi-stage sampling method were analyzed using inferential statistics, budgeting and regression models. Empirical findings revealed that about 75.0% of fisher folks either had no formal education or acquired only primary school education while 50.0% of marketers had secondary school education. The budgeting model revealed fisher-folks' and marketers' annual net profit to be N2,882,626.00 and N640,227.00, respectively. Profit from fishing was significantly higher than that of fish marketing. At 53.2% for fishing and 40.3% for marketing, returns to investment was better in fishing. Regression model results showed the significant factors influencing returns to each livelihood strategy to include fishing ground, distance covered and years of experience. The major constraint faced by operators of both livelihoods groups was insufficient credit. Despite this, the livelihood strategies were shown to be profitable ventures which contributed to households' consumption expenditure. Organizing women informal sector operators into groups to enhance access to government support and formal credit are recommended for improving livelihood strategy performance.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.191-212
• /
• 1992

본고(本稿)에서는 채권자(債權者)와 채무자간(債務者間)에 계약불이행문제(契約不履行問題)(contract enforcement problem)가 존재함에 따라 금융시장이 자금중개기능(資金仲介機能)을 원활하게 수행하지 못하는 경제하에서, 자본축적과정(資本蓄積科程)에 있어서 화폐(貨幣)의 역할을 이론적으로 고찰하였다. 분석을 위해서, 생산을 위해 차입(借入)하는 기업(企業)과 생산자금을 공급하는 채권자(債權者)가 공존하는 중복세대모형(重複世代模型)(overlapping generation model)을 구성하여 양자간에 정보(情報)의 불완전성(不完全性)으로 인해 계약불이행문제(契約不履行問題)가 초래되는 상황을 내생적(內生的)으로 도출하고, 중앙은행(中央銀行)의 대출정책(貸出政策)을 통한 통화공급(通貨供給)이 기업의 투자(投資), GNP, 인플레, 시장금리(市場金利) 등에 미치는 동태적(動態的) 효과(效果)를 살펴보고자 하였다. 본고(本稿)의 "시뮬레이션"분석에 의하면 중앙은행의 대출정책은 민간금융시장에서 충분한 투자재원(投資財源)을 조달하지 못하는 기업(企業)에게 새로이 발행되는 화폐(newly printed money)로 대출금을 공급함으로써 불완전한 민간금융시장을 보완(補完)하여 실물투자(實物投資)와 생산(生産)의 증대효과(增大效果)를 가져올 수 있다. 이와 아울러 중앙은행의 대출정책(貸出政策)과 재정당국(財政當局)의 총액(總額) 조세(租稅)-이전정책(移轉政策)(lump sum tax-cum-transfer policy)을 적절히 조합(組合)하면 각 경제주체의 후생(厚生)이 자유방임경제하(自由放任經濟下)에서의 후생에 비하여 중대되는 "파레토"우월배분(優越配分)(Pareto superior allocation)이 가능하다는 결과가 도출되었다.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.131-170
• /
• 2008

본 연구는 제도설계(mechanism design) 이론을 이용하여 근로연계복지의 주요 정책수단인 근로장려세제의 최적화를 시도하고, 도출된 최적해의 특성을 바탕으로 곧 시행될 우리나라 근로장려세제 개선방향을 제시하기 위해 수행되었다. 분석결과에 따르면, 시행안에 제시된 급여구조를 수정하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 주어진 예산제약하에서 근로장려세제의 노동공급 증대효과를 극대화하기 위해서는 점증률을 점감률보다 높게 설정하는 한편, 점감구간 소득상한은 상향조정하여야 한다. 최적해의 비교정태분석 결과에 따르면, 근로장려세제는 소득(임금)분포에 따라 다르게 설계하는 것이 바람직하기 때문에 가구규모 및 취업형태별로 수혜대상을 나누어 각기 다른 급여구조를 적용해야 하며, 이는 향후 근로장려세제의 적용대상이 무자녀가구 및 자영업자가구로 확대될 것임을 고려할 때 시사하는 바가 크다.