• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.125-133
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• 1998

This study was designed to identify the efficiency of serum troponin-T(s-TnT) level as a diagnostic indicator for the perioperative myocardial damage with open heart surgery(OHS) and to compare with the conventional myocardial enzyme tests such as isoenzyme fraction of creatine kinase(% CK-MB) and isoenzyme ratio of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH1/LDH2 ratio). The study was performed on 30 adult patients who underwent OHS from Jan. 1996 to June 1996 at Inje University Pusan Paik Hospital, and they were divided into two groups accor- ding to aortic clamping time(ACT) duration : group I(ACT＜60 minutes, n=15); group II (ACT＞60 minutes, n=15). S-TnT, % CK-MB, and LDH1/LDH2 ratio were measured in serial blood samples from all subjected patients. The results were obtained as follows. 1. In both groups, s-TnT concentrations increased gradually during OHS and elevated significantly at CPB-10(p＜0.001). The peak level was noticed at POD 1 in group I(1.10 $\pm$0.19 ng/ml), whereas, at CPB-off in group II(1.88$\pm$0.42 ng/ml). The elevated levels remained until POD 7 in both groups. 2. %CK-MB was risen significantly with the initiation of operations(p＜0.001) and the peak levels were noticed at CPB-off in both groups(7.14$\pm$0.86% in group I, 10.69$\pm$1.27% in group II). Thereafter, these levels returned to normal values at POD 3. 3. There were no significant changes in the values of LDH1/LDH2 ratio during and after OHS compared with the control levels(p＞0.05). 4. The serial changes of s-TnT were relatively well correlated with those of changes of % CK-MB(r=0.64, p＜0.05). 5. The serial s-TnT levels were significantly higher in group II than group I from B-ACR to POD 1(p＜0.05), suggesting that duration of aortic clamping time was a major factor concerned with perioperative myocardial injury. In conclusion, measurement of s-TnT is a very useful indicator in assessing the myocardial cell damage and therefore it is expected that serial checking and evaluation of the s-TnT is very available for identification of the perioperative myocardial damage and for postoperative cares in patients with OHS.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.149-157
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• 2016

This study was performed to investigate the effects of the stocking density (standard stocking density (SSD, $495cm^2/bird$)) vs. high stocking density (HSD,245cm2/bird) and challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5mg/kg BW) on the stress-related physiological indicators in chicks. There was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in body weight, but not in the weight of immune organs, between the SSD and HSD groups. The LPS group resulted in a significant (p<0.05) increase in the weights of the thymus and bursa of fabricius compared with the SSD group. Plasma biochemical components, including aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen, Ca, P, creatine kinase and uric acid, markedly (p<0.05) increased in the LPS birds, although no difference in these parameters was observed between the SSD and HSD birds. Furthermore, the birds challenged with LPS showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in the plasma corticosterone level, although this hormone did not differ between the SSD and HSD groups. In the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, hepatic $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and iNOS in the LPS group significantly (p<0.05) increased compared with those in the SSD group. Thymic mRNA expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and IL-18 in the LPS group also significantly (p<0.05) increased compared with those in the other groups. In addition, mRNA expression of $IL-1{\beta}$ in the bursa of fabricius of the LPS group increased (p<0.05) without affecting the other cytokines. Under high stocking density, thymic $IL-1{\beta}$ was the only cytokine that was up-regulated compared with the SSD group. In conclusion, an acute stress induced by LPS challenge profoundly affected immune organ weight, blood biochemical profiles and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, while chronic stress did not markedly affect biochemical and immunological parameters, suggesting that chicks under high stocking density could be adapted to prolonged stressors.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.498-504
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• 2002

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the perioperative myocardial damage in pediatric congenital heart disease with the cardiac specific protein of cardiac troponin I(cTpn-I). Methods : All 25 pediatric patients who were diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot or double outlet right ventricle were classified as group A(acyanotic, $SaO_2$ >90%), group B(mildly cyanotic, $SaO_2$ >80-90%) and group C(moderately cyanotic, $SaO_2$ <80%). The control group D was consisted of 10 patients with ventricular septal defects who were operated in the same period. We measured preoperative hemoglobin, preoperative and postoperative(24 and 72 hour) arterial oxygen saturation, cTpn-I and creatine kinase(CK-MB). Results : Total 25 patients were subdivided into 6 of group A, 12 of group B and 7 of group C. The concentrations of preoperative cTpn-I were $0.23{\pm}0.12ng/mL$ in group A, $0.25{\pm}00.12 ng/mL$ in group B, $0.26{\pm}0.13ng/mL$ in group C. And the concentrations of cTpn-I in postoperative 24 hour were $10.04{\pm}5.28ng/mL$ in group A, $12.50{\pm}6.86ng/mL$ in group B, $12.55{\pm}9.90ng/mL$ in group C. Which revealed cTpn-I in group C was higher than that of the another less cyanotic groups. In addition, the concentration of cTpn-I of group C in postoperative 72 hour was higher than any other groups. The concentration of cTpn-I in postoperative 72 hour was statistically correlated with that in postoperative 24 hour and preoperative arterial oxygen saturation(P=0.001). Conclusion : Preoperative chronic cyanosis can influence on the postoperative concentration of cTpn-I in pediatric cardiac patients, which means impairment on the postoperative myocardial recovery.