• Development and Reproduction
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the skeletal development of bullhead torrent catfish, Liobagrus obesus larvae and to utilize them as basic data for the taxonomic study of Liobagrus larvae. Skeletal development was observed by being divided into cranium, visceral skeleton, shoulder girdle bone, pelvic girdle bone and vertebra. On the first day after hatching, the pre-larvae had an average total length of 7.92 mm, and a line-shaped parasphenoid ossified in the cranium. In the jaw bone, the dentary supporting the lower jaw and the maxillary supporting the upper jaw were ossified. In the anterior abdominal vertebrae of the vertebra, seven centrums began to ossify and five neural spines ossified simultaneously. On the 3 day after hatching, pre-larvae had an average total length of 8.95 mm, and the prefrontal ossified in cranium. The number of abdominal vertebrae was increased to 14, and three parapophysis developed from the front side. On the 24th day after hatching, post-larvae had an average total length of 15.2 mm and the epural bone ossified in coccyx. The parhypural bone was ossified, and ossification of coccyx and pelvic girdle bone was completed. On the 30th day after hatching, the average total length of the juvenile was 17.8 mm, and the ossification of cranium and visceral skeleton was all completed while the preorbital and three suborbitals were ossified in the orbital region of the cranium.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.421-433
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• 1994

This study was carried out to identify anatomical characteristics of the individual bones of the cranium of the Korean native goat. The pars lateralis and pans basilaris of the os occipitale were fused each other, whereas the squama occipitalis articulated with the pars lateralis, forming the sutrue. The sinus sphenoidale was formed in the corpus ossis presphenoidalis. The os prietale was observed as a single bone. In the os frontale, an fossa innominatum was found ventrolateral to the root of processus cornualis, and the orificium orbitale canalis supraorbitalis was also formed on the pars orbitalis. The meatus temporalis was formed in the medial side of the pars squama of the os temporalis. The lamina cribrosa of the os ethmoidale was membrane-like structure with many foramina. The labyrinth ethmoidalis was composed of four endoturbinalia and ten to twelve ectoturbinalia.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2007

Skull base height increases significantly with better nutrition and health conditions. With coordinate caliper or by subtraction, skull base height is easily measured. To examine nutrition and health condition of MIA(missing in action) during the Korean War and people who lived during the 17-18 centry of the Late Chosun. This study is focused on the change of skull base height through time as seen in comparing 83 MIA cranium and 12 17-18 centry cranium of Korea with 219 modern American middle class adult cranium(Terry Collection and forensic skeleton). To sum up, nutritional condition of MIA is not significantly changed, as seen in comparing with nutritional condition of 17-18 century people.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.424-427
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• 2010

Objective : Chronic subdural hematomas (CSDH) are more common on the left hemisphere than on the right. We verified this left predilection of CSDH and tried to explain the reason for this discrepancy. Methods : We investigated the laterality of CSDH in 182 patients who were treated from January 2005 to December 2009. We examined the symmetry of the cranium and the location of the lesion. Results : CSDH was more common on the left-side. The cranium was symmetric in 63 patients, asymmetric in 119 patients. The asymmetric crania were flat on the right-side in 77 patients, on the left-side in 42 patients. The density of the CSDHs was hypodense in 29 patients, isodense 132 patients, and the others in 21 patients. Bilateral hematomas were more common in the hypodense group. In the right flat crania, the hematoma was more commonly located on the opposite side of the flat side. While in the left flat crania, the hematoma was more common on the same side. Conclusion : CSDHs occurred more frequently on the left side. The anatomical asymmetry of the cranium influences the left predilection of CSDH.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.561-563
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• 2012

Desmoplastic fibroma, which develops predominantly in long bones and the mandible, is a rare and benign but locally aggressive tumor. Desmoplastic fibroma of the cranium is extremely rare. We report a case of desmoplastic fibroma of the frontal bone in a young man. Because of its locally aggressive behavior, complete surgical excision with a safety margin is essential.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 1999

Special attention should be directed toward the preservation of preoperative condylar position during orthognathic surgery because their positional change may leads to postoperative skeletal relapse as well as TM joint problem. Various condylar positioning devices, therefore, have been introduced and utilized in orthognathic surgery. Even though most of them provided us with improvement of surgical results, we also found some problems including limited indication, etc. For more accurately repositioning the maxilla and the mandible and its wide versatility, a newly designed maxilla and condylar positioning device based on the fixed part of cranium is introduced.

• Journal of the Korean Burn Society
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.53-59
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• 2021

High-voltage electrical burn injuries on the scalp often result in scalp and cranial bone necrosis. Repetitive debridements and rich-vascularized flap coverage of the cranium are required. However, despite successful flap coverage, chronic osteomyelitis of cranial bones may occur. Treatment of chronic osteomyelitis of cranial bones is surgical debridement of the necrotic bone with re-coverage by a well-vascularized flap. The latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap is suitable not only for coverage of the cranium after the burn injury, but also for treatment of chronic osteomyelitis of the skull.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.204-213
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• 2016

Syndromic craniosynostosis has severe cranial stenosis and deformity, combined with hypoplastic maxillary bone and other developmental skeletal lesions. Among these various lesions, upper air way obstruction by hypoplastic maxillary bone could be the first life-threatening condition after birth. Aggressive cranial vault expansion for severely deformed cranial vaults due to multiple synostoses is necessary even in infancy, to normalize the intracranial pressure. Fronto-orbital advancement (FOA) is recommended for patients with hypoplastic anterior part of cranium induced by bicoronal and/or metopic synostoses, and posterior cranial vault expansion is recommended for those with flattening of the posterior part of the cranium by lambdoid synostosis. Although sufficient spontaneous reshaping of the cranium can be expected by expansive cranioplasty, keeping the cranial bone flap expanded sufficiently is often difficult when the initial expansion is performed during infancy. So far distraction osteogenesis (DO) is the only method to make it possible and to provide low rates of re-expansion of the cranial vault. DO is quite beneficial for both FOA and posterior cranial vault expansion, compared with the conventional methods. Associated hydrocephalus and chronic tonsillar herniation due to lambdoid synostosis can be surgically treatable. Abnormal venous drainages from the intracranial space and air way obstruction should be always considered at any surgical procedures. Neurosurgeons have to know well about the managements not only of the deformed cranial vault and the associated brain lesions but also of other multiple skeletal lesions associated with syndromic craniosynostosis, to improve treatment outcome.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.65-79
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• 2016

We observed the osteological development of larval and juvenile red spotted grouper (Epinephelus akaara) in order to generate data for the assessment of skeletal deformities and to inform phylogenetic systematics research. Larvae and juveniles were obtained from a aquafarm in Muan-gun, Jeolla-namdo Province, Korea. The average water temperature at the time of breeding was $23.0^{\circ}C$ and average water salinity was 33.0 psu. Freshly hatched fish larvae had not undergone any ossification, but ossification of the parasphenoid bone, which forms the base of the cranium, occurred as the juveniles reached an average body length (BL) of 2.49 mm. At the same time, ossification of the preopercle and opercle occurred in the operculum, and ossification of the maxilla, which forms the upper jaw, and the dentary bones, which form the lower jaw, began. In addition, ossification of the vertebra occurred by formation of 7 vertebral centra and the neural spine in the abdominal vertebra. When the juveniles reached an average (BL) of 5.22 mm, ossification of the nasal, lateral ethmoid, and alisphenoid bones occurred in the cranium; ossification of the endopterygoid and metapterygoid bones began in the palatine region; and ossification of the hypohyal and interhyal bones occurred in the hyoid arch. At an average (BL) of 20.9 mm, ossification of the basisphenoid bone in the cranium and the suborbital bone in the orbital region occurred. Ossification of the vertebra then occurred by the formation of long pairs of ribs from the third to the ninth abdominal vertebrae, completing osteological development.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.170-177
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• 2018

Samples were obtained from broodstork in May, 1998, while naturally fertilized embryos were maintained and the process of skeletal development was observed from larvae and juveniles. Prelarvae immediately after hatching showed an average total length of $5.38{\pm}0.41mm$ (n=10), premaxillary and dentary were ossified, parasphenoid was ossified in the cranium, and centrum and caudal bone did not ossify. Prelarvae showed ossification with maxillary, articular and epihyal and branchiostegal rays of hyoid arch were ossified at 5 days after hatching with an average total length of $6.40{\pm}0.39mm$ (n=10). The vertebrae began to ossify in the direction of the tail, and neural spine began to ossify above the ossified vertebra. Postlarvae showed ossification of lateral ethmoid, parietal, and caudal skeleton in the cranium when the average total length was $7.30{\pm}0.12mm$ (n=10) in 8 days after hatching. At 22 days after hatching, postlarvae ossified maxillary in the cranium, and ossified endopterygoid and ectopterygoid, etc. in the palate, when the average length of $11.1{\pm}1.27mm$ (n=10). At 32 days after hatching, with the average length was $12.8{\pm}1.97mm$ (n=10), caudal skeleton had one additional epural bone ossification, resulting in ossification of a total of 3 epural bone to complete ossification of all spicules.