• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.540-546
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• 1994

The authors treated three patients who chiefly complained functional anterior crossbite due to premature loss of primary molars by using removable space maintainer and functional appliances. In orthodontic practice, the mandibular rest position and the possibility of taking construction bite have been as the criteria for evaluation of functional factors involved in anterior crossbite. Functional anterior crossbites, if left untreated, may have deleterious effects on the development and function of craniofacial complex and TMJ. Objectives of the treatment were as follows: 1) to recover vertical dimension 2) to eliminate functional disharmony 3) to correct anterior reversed occlusion 4) to attain good facial esthetics 5) to prevent unfavorable growth of jaw & dentition Characterized craniofacial morphology resulting from the premature loss of deciduous molars could be recovered following the correction of crossbite. Therefore, it is recommended that in orthodontic diagnosis of functional anterior crossbite due to premature loss of deciduous molars, the craniofacial abnormality affected by that should be considered.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.95-108
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• 1989

This study intended to calculate the cephalometric norms of Korean adult and to compare those with norms of the North American Caucasian by Moyers. Cephalometric headplates of 41 males and 31 females ranged in age from eighteen to twenty-six with normal occlusion and pleasing face were employed for this investigation. The tracings of the standard lateral cephalograms were analyzed by Moyers' method. As a result of this study, the following conclusion can be made. 1. Norms of Korean adult male and female were calculated. 2. There was no significant sexual difference in the basic craniofacial morphology. 3. The size of craniofacial skeleton was larger in male than in female. 4. The Korean male showed lower value of mandibular plane angle to craial base than that of the Caucasian male. 5. There was no significant difference in the anterior total facial height, however, in the posterior facial height the Korean male was larger than the Caucasian male, which manifested that the Korean male held more square-shaped profile. 6. The anteroposterior length of anterior and posterior cranial base, maxillary and mandibular skeletal and dentoalveolar effective length of the Korean male were shorter than those of the Caucasian male, and this suggested that the craniofacial profile depth of the Korean male was shorter than that of the Caucasian male.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.126-134
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• 2021

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the following null hypothesis: there are no differences in the morphology of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) structures in relation to vertical and sagittal cephalometric patterns. Methods: This retrospective study was performed with 131 participants showing no TMJ symptoms. The participants were divided into Class I, II, and III groups on the basis of their sagittal cephalometric relationships and into hyperdivergent, normodivergent, and hypodivergent groups on the basis of their vertical cephalometric relationships. The following measurements were performed using cone-beam computed tomography images and compared among the groups: condylar volume, condylar size (width, length, and height), fossa size (length and height), and condyle-to-fossa joint spaces at the anterior, superior, and posterior condylar poles. Results: The null hypothesis was rejected. The Class III group showed larger values for condylar width, condylar height, and fossa height than the Class II group (p < 0.05). Condylar volume and superior joint space in the hyperdivergent group were significantly smaller than those in the other two vertical groups (p < 0.001), whereas fossa length and height were significantly larger in the hyperdivergent group than in the other groups (p < 0.01). The hypodivergent group showed a greater condylar width than the hyperdivergent group (p < 0.01). The sagittal and vertical cephalometric patterns showed statistically significant interactions for fossa length and height. Conclusions: TMJ morphology differed across diverse skeletal cephalometric patterns. The fossa length and height were affected by the interactions of the vertical and sagittal skeletal patterns.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.169-177
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• 1992

This investigation was carried out in order to find out changes in head postures and in craniofacial morphology, in relation to the inclination of cervical column. For this study 85 subjects, consisting 39 males and 49 females, between the ages of 7 to 24 years old were chosen, and following results were observed after analysing the correlation coefficients between each structures. 1. No definite relationships were observed between the inclination of cervical column (CVT/HOR) and the inclination of anterior cranial base (SN/VER) 2. No definite relationships were observed between the inclination of mandibular ramus (RL/HOR) and the inclination of mandibular inclination (MLP/VER). 3. In subjects with anteriorly inclined cervical column, increase in mandibular plane inclinations (ML/VER) were observed. 4. No definite relationships were observed between the inclination of cervical column (CVT/HOR) and changes in palatal plane (NL/VER).

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.391-400
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• 2020

Objective: Increased gingival elasticity has been implicated as the cause of relapse following orthodontic rotational tooth movement and approaches to reduce relapse are limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of sulforaphane (SFN), an inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis, on gene expression in gingival fibroblasts and relapse after rotational tooth movement in beagle dogs. Methods: The lower lateral incisors of five beagle dogs were rotated. SFN or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were injected into the supra-alveolar gingiva of the experimental and control group, respectively, and the effect of SFN on relapse tendency was evaluated. Changes in mRNA expression of extracellular matrix components associated with gingival elasticity in beagles were investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Morphology and arrangement of collagen fibers were observed on Masson's trichrome staining of buccal gingival tissues of experimental and control teeth. Results: SFN reduced the amount and percentage of relapse of orthodontic rotation. It also decreased the gene expression of lysyl oxidase and increased the gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 1 and MMP 12, compared with DMSO control subjects. Histologically, collagen fiber bundles were arranged irregularly and were not well connected in the SFN-treated group, whereas the fibers extended in parallel and perpendicular directions toward the gingiva and alveolar bone in a more regular and well-ordered arrangement in the DMSO-treated group. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that SFN treatment may be a promising pharmacologic approach to prevent orthodontic rotational relapse caused by increased gingival elasticity of rotated teeth in beagle dogs.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.421-433
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• 1988

정상치열을 가진 성인 84명 (남자 44명, 여자 40명)과 밀집 치열을 가진 성인 61명 (남자 33명, 여자 28명)을 대상으로 측모두부방사선 규격사진상에서 정상치열인과 밀집치 열인간의 두개 안면골의 형태학적 차이를 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 정상군과 밀집군에서 남녀별 각 계측항목의 평균치, 표준편차 및 Facial polygon들을 얻었다. 정상군에 비해 밀집군에서 두개기저골에 대해 구개평면, 교합평면 및 하악하연이 하방으로 경사되었고 구개평면에 대해 하악하연도 하방으로 경사되었으며 하악우각도 크게 나타났다. 정상군에 비해 밀집군에서 상하악골이 두개기저골에 대해 후방위치하였다. 정상군에 비해 밀집군에서 상악전치는 순측으로 경사되 었으며 하악전치는 설측으로 경사되었다. 정상군의 남자에 비해 밀집군의 남자에서 후안면고경과 하악지길이가 더 짧으며 정상군의 여자에 비해 밀집군의 여자에서 후안면 고경, 하악골체장 및 후두개저 장경이 더 짧으며 전안면고경은 더 길게 나타났다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.675-688
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• 1995

The purposes of this study were:1) to determine the normal range of CR-CO discrepancy in normal occlusion group ; 2) to evaluate the changes of condylar position and craniofacial morphology between centric relation and centric occlusion before and after stabilization splint therapy in malocclusion group outside the normal range of CR-CO discrepancy. The normal occlusion group consisted of 80 subjects who had well-balanced faces and good occlusions with acceptable Class I molar relationship. They had not been treated orthodontically and had no signs or symptoms of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. 71 malocclusion patients enrolled for orthodontic treatment at the Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Chosun University comprised the malocclusion group, little variation of growth factor by the second molar eruption. They had CR-CO discrepancy beyond normal range and were subdivided into anterior-posteriorly -[25 Class I (0$\geq$4), and 24 Class III (ANB$\leq$0)] : vertically - [20 Normodivergentscy (30$\geq$34), and 18 Hypodivergency (SNGoMe$\leq$30)] ; and sexually - [26 Male and 45 Female]. For malocclusion group, stabilization splint with mutually protected type of occlusal scheme was applied for three months. Panadent articulators, Panadent condylar position indicator (CPI), and lateral headfilm were used to investigate the influence of stabilization splint on condylar position and craniofacial morphology. The results of this study were as follows. 1. The amounts of CR-CO discrepancy in normal occlusion were that the antero-Posterior component (${\bigtriangledown}X$) was $0.56\pm0.46mm$ (Male:$0.63\pm0.42mm$, Female:$0.49\pm0.50mm$) ; the supero-inferior component (${\bigtriangledown}Y$) was $-0.75\pm0.48mm$ (Male:$-0.76\pm0.52mm$, Female:-$0.73\pm0.43mm$) : and the transverse component (${\bigtriangledown}Z$) was $-0.33\pm0.28mm$ (Male : $-0.38\pm0.29mm$, Female:$-0.31\pm0.27mm$). 2. The condylar position was in normal range after stabilization splint therapy. 3. The mandible was always rotated infero-posteriorly after stabilization splint therapy. 4. Antero-posteriorly, Class III malocclusion responded very well to the stabilization splint therapy. 5. Vertically, Hyperdivergency responded very well to the stabilization splint therapy 6. Sexually, Male responded very well to the stabilization splint therapy.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.763-774
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• 1998

골격성 III급 부정교합자의 두개안면골격형태가 하악이부형태와 하악전치의 위치에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 연구를 시행하였다. 전후방적인 악골부조화가 나타나지 않고 교정치료의 경험이 없는 만 20세 이상의 성인남녀(정상군)와, 하악전돌의 악골부조화를 보이며 교정치료의 경험이 없 만 20세 이상의 성인남녀(하악전돌군)를 비교하여, 두개안면골격형태에 따른 하악이부형태와 하악전치의 위치에 관하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 두개안면골격형태의 비교에서 하악에 관련된 ${\angle}SN-Mn,\;{\angle}FMA,\;{\angle}Pal-Mn,\;{\angle}LFH$은 하악전돌군이 정상군에 비하여 크게 나타났지만,(p<0.05) 상악에 관련된 항목은 차이를 나타내지 아니하였다(p>0.n). 2. 하악전치를 둘러 싸고 있는 치조돌기는 하악전돌군이 정상군에 비해서 수평적으로 좁고,수직적으로 긴 형태를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 하악이부의 형태에서도 수평적으로는 하악전돌군이 정상군에 비해서 좁게 나타났으나, 수직적으로는 차이를 나타내지 아니하였다(p>0.05). 3. 하악전돌군의 두개안면골격형태와 이부계측항목과의 상관관계에서 두개저와 하악하연에 기인하는 수직적인 악골부조화가 증가할수록 LaABH, LiACBW, LaACBW, LiABBW, SW, ${\angle}LISA$가 감소하는 역상관관계를 나타냈지만 (p<0.05), 전후방적인 악골부조화와는 별다른 상관관계가 나타나지 않았다(p>0.05). 4. 하악전돌군에서 수직적인 두개안면골격형태를 나타내는 ${\angle}SN-Mn,\;{\angle}FMA,\;{\angle}Pal-Mn,\;{\angle}LFH$ 와 하악이부의 계측 항목인 LiACBW, LiABBW, SW, ${\angle}LISA$ 사이에 높은 상관관계가 존재하여, 수직적인 악골부조화로 하악이부의 형태와 하악전치의 경사도를 예측할 수 있었다(p<0.001).

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.135-156
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• 1990

This study was undertaken to investigate the difference of chin morphology and mandibular form in relation to different mandibular growth direction. The subject was divided into three group i.e., control group, vertical group, and horizontal group, according to the criteria of $Bj{\ddot{o}}rk$ sum, and each group was composed of 15 females and 15 males. Medial axis analysis in addition to the routine cephalometric analysis using P.I.A.S. (personal image analysing system) was carried out to find out the differences of mandibular morphology on each group. The results were as follows: 1. The area of symphysis was larger in horizontal growth group than that of vertical growth group. 2. Protruding chin area was also larger in horizontal growth group than that of vertical growth group. 3. There was a close correlationship between protruding chin area and other form of mandible. 4. Antegonial notch depth and ramus posterior contour depth was deeper in vertical growth group than in horizontal growth group, and antegonial notch depth was more influenced by anterior part of notch than posterior part of notch. 5. Mental medial axis and incisal medial axis length, in relation to corpus medial axis length was larger in vertical growth group than in horizontal growth group.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.185-199
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• 1999

The purpose of the present study was to investigate craniofacial patterns in Korean male and female adults, and to compare morphologic differences between different facial types. In order to get configurational groupings, standardized lateral and P-A cephalograms of 174 Korean adults were measured and analyzed with seven angular, nineteen linear, four ratio, and two index measurements. Ward's minimum variance cluster analysis was employed to divide the sample into groups having similar craniofacial morphology, and thereafter, inductive statistics(t-test) was used to characterize morphologic differences of the divided groups. And also, Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to assess correlation between the cranial dimensions and upper/lower anterior facial height(UAFH, LAFH) in each facial types for both male and female The results were as follows; 1. There existed sexual dimorphism in most of variables except SN-FH angle, palatal plane angle, facial axis angle, facial index, lower anterior facial height ratio and upper facial height ratio. 2. A brachycephalic headform ($0.84{\pm}0.05$) with leptoprosopic facial form ($0.92{\pm}0.05$) was appeared in male, and a mesocephalic headform ($0.86{\pm}0.06$) with leptoprosopic facial form ($0.92{\pm}0.04$) was exhibited in female. 3. Facial types in both male and female subjects were divided into two groups, Group A (mesoprosopic facial type) and Group B (leptoprosopic facial type). The morphologic differences between Group A and Group B were as follows: a. Cranial measurements including index, angular and linear measurements were not found to be different between Group A and Group B in both sexes. b. Increased UAFH, LAFH, and upper/lower anterior dental heights were exhibited in Group Bs of both male and female. c. In both male and female, ramus height and mandible length showed no difference between Group A and Group B. However, genial angle was found to be larger in Group B than Group A. Therefore, the morphologic differences between two groups in male and female were closely related to less favorable anatomic morphology of the mandible. 4. LAFH and UAFH showed no relationships with cranial dimensions in male and female.