• 건축역사연구
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.39-52
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study is to show the constructional activities conducted by the Buddhist craftsmen of Bumeo-sa, especially to focus on the government constructions at Dongrae province in the 1700s. The result is as follows: 1) In the early 1700s, Bumeo-sa developed to become a great Buddhist temple and was be able to possess a large number of workers and craftsmen. On the base of these workforce and skill, the Buddhist craftsmen of Bumeo-sa played the most leading roles for the government constructions until the late of 1700s. 2) Though the conditions of finance and workforce at Dongrae province were not good enough at that time, several huge government constructions could be promoted successively, owing to Bumeo-sa's supports. 3) Above all, the Buddhist craftsmen in Bumeo-sa monopolized the construction of Dongrae Hyangyo in the middle of the 1700s. But the private craftsmen got replaced their main roles in the government and temple constructions since the late of the 1700s.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
• /
• 제54권2호
• /
• pp.216-239
• /
• 2021

공예품의 표면에 홈을 파고 금속 재료를 감입하는 시문 기법인 입사(入絲)는 조선시대 왕실의 일상 생활용품, 의례품, 관청의 공적 기물에 두루 사용되었다. 조선시대 관영수공업은 중앙관청에 소속된 경공장(京工匠), 지방의 외공장(外工匠)으로 구성된 관장(官匠)을 중심으로 운영되었다. 입사장은 경공장에 편입되어 왕실과 중앙관청의 공예품 입사시문을 담당했다. 현재 전해지는 조선시대 입사장에 대한 기록은 관영수공업에 집중되어 있다. 관영수공업에서의 입사장의 배속 관청은 공조와 상의원, 군영으로 나눌 수 있으며, 여기에 앞의 두 소속 장인의 도감 차출이 있다. 입사공예품을 사용하는 관청과 군영에 입사장을 배치하고, 제작 마감 기한이 촉박해 평소보다 세밀한 분업과 협업이 전개되었던 도감에서는 입사장을 입사장, 은입사장으로 나누어 공역에 투입했다. 이를 통해 제작 상황과 보유 기술을 고려해 유동적으로 장인을 배치해 공예품 제작이 이루어졌음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 제작 체제의 운영은 장인의 손기술로 모든 공예품을 제작해야 했던 근대 이전 조선 사회에서는 필수적인 것이었다. 본 논문은 입사장을 중심으로 조선시대 관영수공업에서 장인의 역할과 직무 형태를 유형을 나누어 살펴보았다. 직능의 특성과 재료, 인력 수급 등 세부적으로 적용되는 내용은 다르지만, 조선이 추구했던 기본적인 관영수공업 정책의 틀 안에서 장인의 기술을 통한 다양한 목적의 공예품 구현을 위한 여러 제도적 장치는 거의 공통적이었다. 앞으로 의궤에 기록된 재료와 도구, 소수이지만 문헌에 기록된 관장과 사장의 기록을 더해 기술 문화를 분석한다면 조선시대 공예를 보다 입체적으로 접근하는 데 도움이 될 것이라 생각한다.

• 한국가구학회지
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.154-162
• /
• 2015

In this study, we have selected the coach related to woodworking and furniture of master craftsmen of the Republic of Korea, to confirm the process of until the background and coach of their growth. And through the world of their work after the coach has been, it was done and try to have an opportunity to explore the elements of future development. That is, by studying analyze the characteristics of their work through analysis and coach life Korea masters system, it is studied to try to implement a design identity. This study serves to provide a further sense of intimacy to try to allow an access to the public has the content below. Coach of the type and qualification requirements and coach and how elected through general discussion about the master craftsmen system of the Republic of Korea. Through the growing season and ripe stage of Korea woodworking coach No. 1 Yu Seok Geun coach, he is I will have later become the coach of up to current status and coach of his life. Analyzes the work of Yu Seok Geun coach to study, work of master craftsmen is to explore the direction of being able to approach close to the masses.

• 건축역사연구
• /
• 제16권5호
• /
• pp.21-40
• /
• 2007

Choryang-weagwan which was the largest international trading place between Joseon Dynasty and Tokugawa Shogunate had been maintained from 1678 through 1872 in Busan. Particularly, they had 21 times repairing constructions for 200 years since its establishment. It is noticeable that Joseon Dynasty permitted Tokukawa Shogunate to construct main pavilions and guesthouses as his style due to the good-neighbor policy between two countries, and Tokukawa Shogunate struggled to achieve his own culture in that place under the supervision of Joseon Dynasty. For satisfying his needs, the architectural craftsmen of Tokukawa Shogunate were mobilized by the chief of construction company which was called kumi-gasira in the most of cases. When they came to Busan for the construction, they brought their own architectural tools. On the one hand, the carpenters and workers of Joseon Dynasty were organized by the traditional construction superintendents which were called Gamdong-gwan and they had to carry out their responsibilities with Japanese technicians at the same workplace. Judging from this fact, the construction site of Weagwan was the good place for exchanging the architectural technology between two countries. This study especially focuses on Tokukawa Shogunate craftsmen who made the repairs of Dongwan-samdaechung in 1727 such as carpenters(Dai-ku), sawyers(ko-biki), and surveyors(Tsue-tsuki) and their tools such as Hatsuri(=Masakari) and Yo-ki(=Oh-no). The constructions in this period, there were not only the repairs of 3 major pavilions including the trading center, but also one of the most active repairing constructions comparing with other period, therefor these were important constructions to shows us repairing construction of Choryang-weagwan of those days.

• 건축역사연구
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.9-38
• /
• 1992

In the study the documents in Ryu Hee-Choon's diary (Miahm-Ilgicho) from Oct. 29th 1575 to Feb. 9th 1577, for Kaeg-Chung(客聽) are arranged and analized. Ryu, Hee-Choon (Mi-ahm) was a civil minister in the era of Myung-Jong to Sun-Jo of the Chosun dinasty. This study would be one of the basal material for actually inquiring into the character of houses for the gentry in the late 16th century. Above all, the significance of this is that it study could show the details of the architectural economy, the organization of architectural society and the process of the supply of architectural material at that time. Craftsmen devoting themselves to this work are carpenters, artisans making roof titles, roofers and artisans constructing walls. And the content that are craftsmen of monks(僧匠), artisans of commoners(私匠) and slaves belong to government(官奴) is noticeable thing. In this construction work, monks in temples of the region and laboures commandeered by the government office are mainly mobilized. Except of them, private slaves and commoners mobilized by government office also devoted themselves to this work. But, it required more research whether this aspect could be the general character of the construction work of the gentry in the late 16th century. Architectural material, in the case of wood was cut and transported mostly from islands like Jin-do by labourers commandeered by the head officer of the region and monks. Superintendents seemed to come be non-specialists of noble families of the ruling class. So, it is thought that they managed mainly the manpower supply and administration. And some architectural ironworks, much provisions and marine products for labourers and craftsmen were proided by the government office of the region. This could be understood in the same context as above that goverment office of the region contributed to commandeering labourers and supplying architectural material in some degree. Carpenters and roofers took wages that is, about 7.7 pils(匹) of cotton cloth for each carpenter and 5 pils of cotton cloth and some provisions for each roofer. This would be a noticeable thing for researching wages of craftsmen at that time

• 건축역사연구
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.19-34
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to comprehend the assignment and the procurement method of wood works' craftsman through the Salleung-dogamuigwes in royal tombs constructions in the late Joseon period. Following conclusions have been reached through the study. First, Carpenter and other nine craftsmen were introduced in carpentry works. The craftsmen were put in by occupation to maintain the quality of the government building construction by wood processing area. It was distinguished by frame member, Sujangjae, window framing wood, decorative member. Second, sawyer showed a sharp increase in the latter half of the 18th century and declined since the middle of the 19th century. This is closely related to the increase in demand for building materials and the growth of civilian wood products. As a maximum of 300 people have been assigned to the craftsmen in the woodwork, it can be seen that the work has been divided by the process. Third, the national carpenter was difficult to procure from the 17th century to the beginning of the 18th century. From the middle 18th century, the system procuring national carpenter was stabilized. In the 19th century, the input ratio of the national craftsmen seems to have decreased significantly and seems to have kept it at the minimum level. Forth, sawyer were procured through Seongonggam from the late 18th century through the mid 19th century. That means that the role of the sawyer had become important. Since Jogakjang is not a necessary manpower, it usually has civilian artisans.

• 건축역사연구
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.25-38
• /
• 1999

After Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592 was over and the situation was coped with, Chang-Kyoung Palace and Chang-Duk Palace were rebult, and In-Kyung Palace and Kyung-Duk Palace were built during the reign of Kwang Hae Kun. Many utilitarians were engaged with the construction as a manager, and they devoted themselves to improve technology. As a result, craftsmen were treated so valuable, compared to the past, that they were consulted about the technical problems under construction, the process of making an estimate, and the management of construction materials. Moreover, famous craftsmen obtained the government service. And there were various attempts on organizing and compensating workmen in order to manage them efficiently. In addition, the know-how of manufacturing a blue tile, which had been failed to succeed due to the war, was revived, and manufacturing a yellow tile, which had not been used, was studied by utilitarians. Finally, There were many kind of technical attempts and development under the construction of palaces, which gave utilitarians a chance to express their ideas, expected practical science, and assembled craftsmen who had scattered due to the war, during the reign of Kwang Hae Kun

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.71-81
• /
• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this paper is to clarify the social characteristics of the authors of Huangdi Neijing such as status, class, and political ideology. Methods : We analyze the Neijing text and the social order and historical situations in the Han dynasty. Results : Some authors of the Neijing were the local medical officers whose salary was 100~400shi. Their positions were medical craftsmen(yigong) or chief medical craftsmen(yigongchang). They would have published the Neijing after the administrative reforms(146-145 BCE) that began after the suppression of the Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms. The bureaucrat yigong(chang) would have expected to participate in the public health policy of the empire or kingdom as an acupuncture expert. They would have also expected to contribute to the welfare and health of the privileged intellectual group and the public, hoping to ascend in status and class. Conclusions : By investigating the social characteristics of the authors who composed the Neijing, its various aspects would be newly understood.

• 비교문화연구
• /
• 제35권
• /
• pp.215-235
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this paper look at the basis of the cultural differences of Korean and Japan by comparing the craftsmanship. Korean craftsmanship and master craftsman making traditional handcrafts and artwork would die out at a critical moment. The craftsmanship and system could not be established because of discrimination in the traditional four classes of society( scholars, farmers, artisans and tradesmen), invasions of other countries and discontinuity of tradition from modernization. On the contrast, in Japan, it was possible to establish traditional handcrafts and artworks, technique and craftsmanship with apprentice system and various social privilege and treatment even in the same traditional four classes of society ( scholars, farmers, artisans and tradesmen). It was common to pass down the family business for a hundreds of years with self respect between Japanese master craftsmen and lots of people succeed the family business will now. Japanese craftsmanship is originated from 'worship to god' Medieval Japanese believed that the thing changes human mind, artistic talent, masterpieces and faith were connected to sacred power. Therefore, master craftsmen and their works were also made by the power of god. In this context, craftsmen were protected and treated in socially and nationally. It is that the social treatments and supports in national level and their own pride and continuous training of techniques and abilities as the main driving force to maintain the craftsmanship in Japan. Korea has the sale level of competitive tradition and technique in comparison any other countries. Japanese craftsmanship study will be a critical data in the protection and maintenance of Korean traditional and technique.

• 월간경쟁저널
• /
• 110호
• /
• pp.70-80
• /
• 2004