• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.1543-1567
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• 2015

In this study, a wireless crack sensor is developed for monitoring cracks propagating in two dimensions. This sensor is developed by incorporating a laser-based optical navigation sensor board (ADNS-9500) into a smart wireless platform (Imote2). To measure crack propagation, the Imote2 sends a signal to the ADNS-9500 to collect a sequence of images reflected from the concrete surface. These acquired images can be processed in the ADNS-9500 directly (the navigation mode) or sent to Imote2 for processing (the frame capture mode). The computed crack displacement can then be transmitted wirelessly to a base station. The design and the construction of this sensor are reported herein followed by some calibration tests on one prototype sensor. Test results show that the sensor can provide sub-millimeter accuracy under sinusoidal and step movement. Also, the two modes of operation offer complementary performance as the navigation mode is more accurate in tracking large amplitude and fast crack movement while the frame capture mode is more accurate for small and slow crack movement. These results illustrate the feasibility of developing such a crack sensor as well as point out directions of further research before its actual implementation.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제69권4호
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• pp.407-416
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• 2019

This paper develops a wireless sensor for online fatigue crack detection and failure warning based on crack-induced nonlinear ultrasonic modulation. The wireless sensor consists of packaged piezoelectric (PZT) module, an excitation/sensing module, a data acquisition/processing module, a wireless communication module, and a power supply module. The packaged PZT and the excitation/sensing module generate ultrasonic waves on a structure and capture the response. Based on nonlinear ultrasonic modulation created by a crack, the data acquisition/processing module periodically performs fatigue crack diagnosis and provides failure warning if a component failure is imminent. The outcomes are transmitted to a base through the wireless communication module where two-levels duty cycling media access control (MAC) is implemented. The uniqueness of the paper lies in that 1) the proposed wireless sensor is developed specifically for online fatigue crack detection and failure warning, 2) failure warning as well as crack diagnosis are provided based on crack-induced nonlinear ultrasonic modulation, 3) event-driven operation of the sensor, considering rare extreme events such as earthquakes, is made possible with a power minimization strategy, and 4) the applicability of the wireless sensor to steel welded members is examined through field and laboratory tests. A fatigue crack on a steel welded specimen was successfully detected when the overall width of the crack was around $30{\mu}m$, and a failure warnings were provided when about 97.6% of the remaining useful fatigue lives were reached. Four wireless sensors were deployed on Yeongjong Grand Bridge in Souht Korea. The wireless sensor consumed 282.95 J for 3 weeks, and the processed results on the sensor were transmitted up to 20 m with over 90% success rate.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.640-648
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• 2004

This paper describes a new magnetization method for non-destructive testing with magneto-optical sensor (denoted as MO sensor) which have the following characteristic : high observation sensitivity, independence of the crack orientation, and precise imaging of a complex crack geometry such as multiple cracks. When a magnetic field is applied normally to the surface of a specimen which is significantly larger than its defects, approximately the same magnetic charge per unit area occurs on the surface of the specimen. If there is a crack in the specimen, magnetic charge per unit area has the same value at the bottom of the crack. The distribution of the vertical component of the magnetic flux density, B$\_$Z/, is almost uniform over the no-crack area (denoted as B$\_$Z,BASE/), while the magnetic flux density is smaller in the surroundings of the crack(denoted as B$\_$Z,CRACK/) If B$\_$Z, BASE/ is a bit larger than the saturated magnetic flux density of the MO sensor (B$\_$s/) , then small magnetic domains occur over the crack area and a large domain over the non-crack area because B$\_$Z,CRACK/ is smaller than B$\_$s/.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.93-105
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• 2011

This paper presents a flexible low-profile antenna sensor for fatigue crack detection and monitoring. The sensor was inspired by the sense of pain in bio-systems as a protection mechanism. Because the antenna sensor does not need wiring for power supply or data transmission, it is an ideal candidate as sensing elements for the implementation of engineering sensor skins with a dense sensor distribution. Based on the principle of microstrip patch antenna, the antenna sensor is essentially an electromagnetic cavity that radiates at certain resonant frequencies. By implementing a metallic structure as the ground plane of the antenna sensor, crack development in the metallic structure due to fatigue loading can be detected from the resonant frequency shift of the antenna sensor. A monostatic microwave radar system was developed to interrogate the antenna sensor remotely. Fabrication and characterization of the antenna sensor for crack monitoring as well as the implementation of the remote interrogation system are presented.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1217-1231
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• 2016

In this research, a slotted patch antenna sensor is designed for wireless strain and crack sensing. An off-the-shelf RFID (radiofrequency identification) chip is adopted in the antenna sensor design for signal modulation. The operation power of the RFID chip is captured from wireless reader interrogation signal, so the sensor operation is completely battery-free (passive) and wireless. For strain and crack sensing of a structure, the antenna sensor is bonded on the structure surface like a regular strain gage. Since the antenna resonance frequency is directly related with antenna dimension, which deforms when strain occurs on the structural surface, the deformation/strain can be correlated with antenna resonance frequency shift measured by an RFID reader. The slotted patch antenna sensor performance is first evaluated through mechanics-electromagnetics coupled simulation. Extensive experiments are then conducted to validate the antenna sensor performance, including tensile and compressive strain sensing, wireless interrogation range, and fatigue crack sensing.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.237-241
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• 2023

Recently, research on flexible sensors for personal health management has been gaining attention. In this study, we fabricated a crack-based flexible sensor in thin film form to measure the pulse on the wrist. We evaluated the characteristics of the sensor based on the curing conditions of the PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) film to optimize the sensor's gauge factor. The modulus of PDMS varies depending on the curing conditions. In this case, the modulus of PDMS has a significant influence on crack formation, leading to changes in the sensitivity of the sensor. This study examined the changes in the gauge factor associated with these variations.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.119-122
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• 2004

A CPGFRP(Carbon Powder Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics) sensor was fabricated for fine crack detection of structures. The electrical resistance of the sensor was measured on condition of various composition of carbon powders and thickness of bundle of glass fibers. The resistance was decreased as the increase of the content of carbon powders and the TEX of the glass fibers. In the case of loading on CPGFRP sensor, because inner crack was propagated, the part of percolation structures was disconnected. The sensor is superior to carbon fiber for the detecting ability of fine crack.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.299-304
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• 2007

구조물의 주요 부재들은 임의의 부분에 과대 하중이 작용하거나 반복 하중을 받아서 재료가 열화되면 균열이 발생한다. 이러한 균열은 구조물의 안전성을 평가할 수 있는 중요한 인자이며 균열의 진전 여부가 구조물의 안전성을 평가하기 위한 중요한 지표로 사용할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 구조물의 기존 균열이 진전하는지를 감시하기 위하여 광섬유 브래그 격자 센서를 개발하였다. 이 센서 시스템은 탐촉자, 파장제어 광원부 및 광수신부, 그리고 가진부로 구성된다. 센서 탐촉자 부분은 광섬유 브래그 격자 소자만으로 구성된다. 파장제어 광원부는 전류공급회로와 DFB(distributed feedback) 레이저 다이오드로 구성되고 파장 제어 회로는 레이저 다이오드의 온도를 바꾸어 파장을 제어한다. 또한 가진부는 강체 낙하구에 의하여 구현한다. 이렇게 구성된 센서의 성능은 알루미늄판에 임의의 균열을 만들고 센서를 작동시키면서 출력 신호를 검토하면서 확인하였다. 광섬유 브래그 격자 센서의 출력 신호의 변화는 균열 길이 변화에 따라서 크게 변화되어 나타나므로 균열 진전 탐지 가능성이 충분함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.290-296
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• 2005

This paper presents the implementation of a crack tracking mobile robot. The crack tracking robot is built for tracking cracks on the pavement. To track cracks, crack must be detected by laser and camera sensors. Laser sensor projects laser on the pavement to detect the discontinuity on the surface and the camera captures the image to find the crack position. Then the robot is commanded to follow the crack. To detect crack position correctly, neural network is used to minimize the positional errors of the captured crack position obtained by transformation from 2 dimensional images to 3 dimensional images.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 역학변색센서를 활용한 건축물의 균열 모니터링 기술 개발에 관한 실험적 연구를 수행하였다. 콘크리트 시험체에 유도된 균열에 역학변색센서를 부착한 후 균열의 진행에 따른 변색 이미지를 촬영하였다. 그리고 센서의 변색 이미지 분석 결과와 균열 폭과의 관계식으로부터 균열 폭 도출 식을 제안하였다. 또한, 제안된 균열 폭 모니터링 기법의 검증을 통하여 건축물 균열 모니터링을 위한 역학변색센서의 활용 가능성을 확인하였다.