• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.352-356
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• 2002

One hundred-fifty lactating, multiparous cow at post-peak of lactation were used to examine the effect of dietary yeast supplementation on milk production, milk composition and ruminal fermentation. The cows were randomly allocated to three groups of fifty cows each: a control group fed on a basal diet without yeast supplementation and two groups fed on basal diets supplemented with one of two commercial sources of yeast cultures, given at the rates of 15 g/head/d ($YC_1$) and 50 g/head/d ($YC_2$), respectively, as per manufacturers' recommendation. Daily milk production was recorded for all cows, while milk samples were taken randomly from ten cows per group for two consecutive days at two-week intervals for chemical analysis of the milk. Rumen fluids were also analyzed for ammonia nitrogen and volatile fatty acids. The results indicated that cows consuming diets supplemented with yeast culture tended to decrease their dry matter intake and to increase their milk yield. Cows fed $YC_2$ supplemented diet produced more milk and 4% fat corrected milk than those fed either $YC_1$-supplemented diet or the control. The highest milk fat percentage was obtained in cows fed $YC_2$ supplemented diet while the highest percentages of protein, lactose, total solids and solids not fat were recorded in cows fed $YC_1$. Rumen ammonia nitrogen concentration decreased significantly after yeast culture supplementation. Molar proportion of volatile fatty acids did not change significantly with yeast supplementation.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.145-155
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• 2016

Cow's milk and dairy products are elements of the human diet that could play an important role in improving human health. The macronutrients and micronutrients found in milk could supply the nutrients required to maintain human health. Among them, milk-derived bioactive peptides have been identified as potential ingredients found in health promoting functional foods. These bioactive peptides target diet-related chronic diseases, particularly non-communicable ones such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity. Additionally probiotics such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are can be considered live microorganisms that confer health benefits for the host-, when administered in adequate amounts. Further, the calcium, vitamin D, and protein content of milk and dairy products could play a role in proving bone health. The effect of milk and calcium on bone mineral density could prevent against fracture, osteoporosis and rickets. Furthermore, milk and dairy products also contain which factors that, which protect against dental caries (anti-cariogenic properties). This paper reviews the various nutritional functions of milk and dairy products in improving human health.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.1199-1208
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• 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of metabolite levels in serum and milk obtained from cows fed on different concentrate to forage feed ratios. Methods: Eight lactating Holstein cows were divided into two groups: a high forage ratio diet (HF; 80% Italian ryegrass and 20% concentrate of daily intake of dry matter) group and a high concentrate diet (HC; 20% Italian ryegrass and 80% concentrate) group. Blood was collected from the jugular vein, and milk was sampled using a milking machine. Metabolite levels in serum and milk were estimated using proton nuclear magnetic resonance and subjected to qualitative and quantitative analyses performed using Chenomx 8.4. For statistical analysis, Student's t-test and multivariate analysis were performed using Metaboanalyst 4.0. Results: In the principal component analysis, a clear distinction between the two groups regarding milk metabolites while serum metabolites were shown in similar. In serum, 95 metabolites were identified, and 13 metabolites (include leucine, lactulose, glucose, betaine, etc.) showed significant differences between the two groups. In milk, 122 metabolites were identified, and 20 metabolites (include urea, carnitine, acetate, butyrate, arabinitol, etc.) showed significant differences. Conclusion: Our results show that different concentrate to forage feed ratios impact the metabolite levels in the serum and milk of lactating Holstein cows. A higher number of metabolites in milk, including those associated with milk fat synthesis and the presence of Escherichia coli in the rumen, differed between the two groups compared to that in the serum. The results of this study provide a useful insight into the metabolites associated with different concentrate to forge feed ratios in cows and may aid in the search for potential biomarkers for subacute ruminal acidosis.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.90-97
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to determined the rate of sensitization to food allergen in children with Atopic Dermatitis (AD) in Korea. A total of 3,783 patients (male = 1983, female = 1800) with AD (age under 18 years) who had visited Samsung Medical Center from 1998 to 2003 were enrolled in the study. Food hypersensitivity was measured by specific IgE to egg, cow's milk, soy, peanut, wheat, buckwheat, beef, pork, chicken, shrimp, crab, salmon, mackerel, etc. Specific IgE levels > 0.7 kU/L. by Captured Allergen Product (CAP) assay were considered positive. Chi-square test at p value < 0.05 was used to examine the difference of the prevalence by sex and age. The rate of sensitization to multiple food allergens was 31.2% and decreased with age. Hypersensitivity to egg showed highest prevalence, which was 24.3%, compared to the prevalence of other foods. High prevalence of hypersensitivity to milk. wheat, soy, peanut, crab or shrimp was observed (11.6- 17.7%). Low prevalence of hypersensitivity to beef, pork, tuna or chicken was observed (1.9-3.5%). Children aged under 3 years had significantly higher prevalence of hypersensitivity to egg, milk, soy and beef than children aged at least 3 years. Our results stress the need for examination of food hypersensitivity aimed at identified and limited each food allergen among children with AD caused by food to help patients outgrow their food allergy.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.91-96
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• 1988

A study was conducted to improve breeding efficiency of dairy and beef cows on Cheju Island. Milk progesterone and plasma progesterone profiles were determined by using radioimmunoassay techniques during the oestrus cycle, onset on oestrus and during the gestation period. Progesterone connections in milk were very low during the oestrus with a means value of 2.4ng/ml and 4.6ng/ml at the onset of oestrus but gradually declined at 4 to 9 hr after oestrus. In the cyclic cow, milk progesterone concentraitons in the early part of the cycle, ranged from 3 to 5ng/ml and increased from 6.0 to 11.6ng/ml on day 13 to 21 of cycle. Milk progesterone concentrations of pregnancy cows ranged from 5.0 to 40ng/ml during the gestation and grom basal line to 3.5ng/ml for nonpregnant cows. Plasma progesterone concentrations of beef during pregnancy period ranged form 3.0 to 33ng/ml and basal levels ranged from 0 to less than 2.5ng/ml for non-pregnant beef cows.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2012

Probiotics colonize the intestines and exert an antibacterial effect on pathogens. Therefore, probiotics could be used as a preventive agent against lethal infections. To isolate probiotic microorganisms, 116 bacterial strains were isolated from healthy cow's milk and were subjected to Gram-stain, morphology and biochemical analyses, Vitek analysis, and 16S rRNA analysis. One of the strains identified as Bacillus (B.) thuringiensis 87 was found to grow very well at pH 4.0~7.0 and to be resistant to high concentrations of bile salts (0.3~0.9% w/v). B. thuringiensis was susceptible to the antibiotics used in the treatment of bovine mastitis, yet it exhibited an antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus (S.) aureus 305. Moreover, it protected mice from experimental lethal infections of E. coli O55, Salmonella typhimurium 01D, and S. aureus 305 through a significant induction of interferon-${\gamma}$, even at four-week post-administration of B. thuringiensis. Although oral administration of B. thuringiensis 87 did not provide significant protection against these lethal challenges, these results suggest that B. thuringiensis 87 could be a feasible candidate as a probiotic strain.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.53-57
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• 1991

항생물질과 부신피질홀몬을 장기간 투여한 7세의 홀스타인종 암소에 있어서 Candida 에 의한 유방의 기회성진균감염율 보고하였다. C. tropicalis는 섭씨 30도의 단순한 해바라기씨 배지에서 반복하여 분리되었다. 이 병원체는 PHOL 기법에 의해 감염된 우유에서 직접 검출되었다. 우유침전물을 그람염색하여 현미경하에서 검사한 결과 Candida spp. 와 일치하는 다수의 효모세포와 균사가 관찰되었다. 실험 실내 약물감수성을 조사한 결과 nystatin에 감수성을 나타내었다. 임상적 및 진균학적 검사결과 nystatin에 의한 유방내 화학요법은 성공적이었다. 수의학에 있어서 C. tropicalis와 기타 기회성진균의 점증하는 중요성이 강조되었다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.163-170
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• 2002

The relationship between level of milk composition and conditions of ovary and uterus were analyzed in Holstein cows at seven farms participating in a reproductive herd health management program. Milk data were taken from 503 early lactating cows between 30 and 60 days in milk with reproductive examination with ultrasonography from september 1999 to August 2000. Milk fat, protein and solid-not-fat concentration in the herds were $3.70{\pm}1.08%$, $2.97{\pm}0.35$, and $8.41{\pm}0.61%$, respectively. The reproductive disorder relative to normal cows had higher risk in the cows that the level of protein was lower than 2.70%. Also, the higher milk fat than 4.50% were associated with a higher risks in the uterine disease and follicular cysts. Therefore, the cows with the fat to protein ratio of > 1.30 had higher risks for reproductive disorder such as cystic ovarian diseases, inactive ovaries and endometritis. These results indicated that cows diagnosed with reproductive disorder were energy deficient prior to reproductive disorder diagnosis. Consequently, milk fat and protein analyses may be used serve as a monitoring tool for condition of ovary and uterus in early lactating cows

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권6호
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• pp.1433-1442
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• 2021

In this study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture fluid (SCCF) has been added to a diet of lactating dairy cows to attempt to improve the ruminal fermentation and potentially increase the dry matter intake (DMI) and milk yield. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of SCCF on the milk yield and blood biochemistry in lactating cows during the summer. Twenty-four Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: (1) total mixed ration (TMR-1) (Control); (2) TMR-1 supplemented with SCCF (T1); (3) TMR-2 (containing alfalfa hay) (T2); and (4) TMR-2 supplemented with SCCF (T3). SCCF (5 ml/head, 2.0×10⁷ CFU/mL) was mixed with TMRs daily before feeding to dairy cows. The mean daily temperature-humidity index (THI) during this trial was 76.92 ± 0.51 on average and ranged from 73.04 to 81.19. For particle size distribution, TMR-2 had a lower >19 mm fraction and a higher 8-9 mm fraction than TMR-1 (p < 0.05). The type of TMR did not influence the DMI, body weight (BW), milk yield and composition, or blood metabolites. The milk yield and composition were not affected by the SCCF supplementation, but somatic cell counts were reduced by feeding SCCF (p < 0.05). Feeding SCCF significantly increased the DMI but did not affect the milk yield of dairy cows. The NEFA concentration was slightly decreased compared to that in the control and T2 groups without SCCF. Feeding a yeast culture of S. cerevisiae may improve the feed intake, milk quality and energy balance of dairy cows under heat stress.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.110-121
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• 2022

The root of ginger (Zingiber officinale) contains gingerol, which is known to be responsible for its pharmacological activity. The essential oil extracted from ginger has been found to have various pharmacological effects. Thus, interest in the development of various beverages using ginger oil has recently increased. Therefore, in this study, the organoleptic quality assessment of cow milk, yogurt, kefir, soy milk, oat milk, and almond milk was conducted by supplementing them with oil extracted from ginger at various concentrations (supplemented with 0.5% increments from 0% up to 2%). A poor grade was obtained in the organoleptic quality evaluation, owing to the strong odor of ginger oil. However, when compared to that of the control, the samples supplemented with 0.5% ginger oil showed a good grade of organoleptic quality assessment. Therefore, this study is considered valuable as it is the first study to review the organoleptic quality assessment by supplementing milk, yogurt, kefir, soy milk, oat milk, and almond milk with ginger oil. Additionally, in order to improve organoleptic quality assessment, it is critical to estimate how much ginger oil supplementation concentration could be reduced and whether ginger oil exhibits various bio-activities at this concentration.