• 대한가정학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.85-97
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• 2000

The goal of this study is mainly to improve the quality of life for the elderly by understanding the actual condition of the home management which includes their family relationship, family finance, and household work carried out in their domestic lives and diagnosing problems possibly restated from the condition. The result includes the following. The characteristics of rural elderly living alone: They have lived in rural area since their marriage which is over 40 years long in average, The tend to be satisfied with living apart themselves. The majority of the families are the first son in their family. In home management regard: First, in family relationship, the way the elderly in their nuclear family state communicate with their spouse is limited, and they hardly speaks together. So it is encouraged for couples to forge their own specific relationship and to plan for their odd age in their younger age. Also, they tend to be satisfied with living separated from their children, but at the same time, the closer they live in distance from their children, the more often they meet their children as well as they talk on the phone. They especially depend on their first son for offerings for ancestors and matters to occur after their death, while they get emotional support from daughters. Second, in family finance, their income varies in range from 200,000 to 3,000,000 won. In the majority f the famines, the wives are in charge of finance. The cost of living is mainly spent on flood, clothing, and housing, or the cost of offerings for ancestors if they are the head family. Third, Meanwhile, the housewives under 70 years old are positive about household work and tend to consider it pleasant for their children and their husband. Generally, the older they are, the more they dislike household labor. For example, food preparation is especially considered a major problem. Community dinning rooms, food delivery service, volunteers, and home helper and neighborhood could be help.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.23-42
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to identify the social networks used by the rural elderly and to analyze the effects of these social networks on the need for life services. The research subjects were 1,000 people aged 65 years and over living in the rural areas of Korea. Among the total 1,000 respondents, 979 elderly who have children were included in this study. The data were analyzed using frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, and multiple regression analysis. The results of this study were as follows. First, the frequency of contact with friends/neighbors was higher than that of children, whereas the social support of children was higher than that of friends/neighbors(excluding physical support). Second, the rate of use of home services and the elderly welfare center was very low. Promotion, a minimum cost burden, convenient transportation (circulation bus operation, etc.), and the provision of visiting services are examples of ways to be using them much more. Third, the elderly who do not live with their children have a higher need for life services. As well unlike the elderly who live with their children, in the case of the elderly who do not live with their children, the necessity for life services was influenced not only by their children but also by the relationship with their friends/neighbors and by home services. This implies that comprehensive social networks are important for the elderly who do not live with their children. Therefore, it is necessary to activate the social support of the community as well as of children and friends/neighbors.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.326-329
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• 2013

Height and weight are important indicators to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI); measuring height and weight directly is the most exact method to get this information. However, it is ineffective in terms of cost and time on large population samples. The aim of our study was to investigate the validity of self-reported height and weight data compared to our measured data in Korean children to predict obese status. Four hundred twenty-two fifth-grade (mean age $10.5{\pm}0.5$ years) children who had self-reported and measured height and weight data were final subjects for this study. Overweight/obese was defined as a BMI of or above the 85th percentile of the gender-specific BMI for age in the 2007 Korean National Growth Charts or a BMI of 25 or higher (underweight : < 5th, normal : ${\geq}5th$ to < 85th, overweight : ${\geq}85th$ to < 95th). The differences between self-reported and measured data were tested using paired t-test. Differences based on overweight/obese status were tested using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and linear trends. Pearson's correlation and Cohen's kappa were tested to examine agreements between the self-reported and measured data. Although measured and self-reported height, weight and BMI were significantly different and children tended to overreport their height and underreport their weight, the correlation between the two methods of height, weight and BMI were high (r = 0.956, 0.969, 0.932, respectively; all P < 0.001), and both genders reported their overweight/non-overweight status accurately (Cohen's kappa = 0.792, P < 0.001). Although there were differences between the self-reported and our measured methods, the self-reported weight and height was valid enough to classify overweight/obesity status correctly, especially in non-overweight/obese children. Due to bigger underestimation of weight and overestimation of height in obese children, however, we need to be aware that the self-reported anthropometric data were less accurate in overweight/obese children than in non-overweight/obese children.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.213-217
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• 2014

The widespread use of microsurgery in numerous surgical fields has increased the need for basic microsurgical training outside of the operating room. The traditional start of microsurgical training has been in undertaking a 5-day basic microsurgery course. In an era characterised by financial constraints in academic and healthcare institutions as well as increasing emphasis on patient safety, there has been a shift in microsurgery training to simulation environments. This paper reviews the stepwise framework of microsurgical skill acquisition providing a cost analysis of basic microsurgery courses in order to aid planning and dissemination of microsurgical training worldwide.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.23-45
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• 2003

This study was performed to evaluate economic effect of the water fluoridation program in Cheong-Ju City from 1982 to 2010. To study this economic effect, this study used cost-benefit analysis methodology from eight years old to fourteen years old in Cheong-Ju City. Major findings were as follows; First, total cost of fluoridation program in Cheong-Ju City was 1,384,164,734 korean won and total benefit was 15,057,426,621 Korean won from 1982 to 2010. Second, total cost which was converted by present value 2000 year was 1,687,412,718 won and total benefit which was converted by present value 2000 year was 14,582,548,519 Korean won. Cost-benefit ratio was 8.64. Net present value which happened from 1982 to 2000 was 7,990,710,155 Korean won and cost benefit ratio was 7.47. In conclusion, by the above result, economic impact of the water fluoridation program was very effective for children in some area of Cheong-Ju city.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권9호
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• pp.977-986
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• 2008

목 적 : 사회적 관점에서 로타바이러스의 사회적 비용을 추계하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 로타바이러스 연간 발생 환자수는 2002년 7월에서 2004년 6월까지 정읍지역에서 보고된 5세 미만 인구 1,000명당 입원 환자 11.6명, 외래 환자는 1,000명당 45.3명을 1년 단위로 환산하여 적용하였으며 의료비 자료는 건강보험심사평가원에 로타바이러스(A08.0)로 청구된 자료를 이용하였다. 2006년 12월부터 2007 년 5월까지 환자 보호자 조사를 실시하여 직접 비의료비 및 간접 비용을 산출하는 근거로 사용하였다. 결 과 : 2005년 5세 미만 아동 중 로타바이러스 감염으로 외래 이용한 환자수는 55,030명, 입원 환자수는 14,092명으로 추정하였다. 의료 비용은 110억원으로 전체의 82.8%를 차지했고, 교통비 및 기저귀 사용 등으로 인한 직접 비의료비는 16억원, 간호에 따른 작업 손실 비용은 6억 8000만원으로 로타바이러스 감염으로 인한 총 사회적 비용은 약 132억원 8천만원으로 집계되었다. 결 론 : 로타바이러스 감염은 의료비 뿐 아니라 비의료비와 간접 비용의 추가적인 지출을 가져오며 이는 사회적으로 큰 손실이 될 것이다. 그러나 본 연구에서는 보수적 추정을 하였으며 추후 연구에서 로타바이러스 감염이 보호자의 삶의 질과 건강수준의 저하에 미치는 영향을 비용 항목에서 충분히 고려할 필요가 있다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2020

목적: 부모의 소아 자녀에 대한 인플루엔자 및 인플루엔자 백신 관련한 인식도 차이 및 변화를 홍보물 교육 유무에 따라 비교 분석하였다. 방법: 2015년 서울, 경기 북부 5개 지역 거주자 중 생후 6개월부터 59개월까지의 자녀가 있는 보호자 1,034명을 대상으로, 설문지 조사를 시행하였다. 설문내용은 인플루엔자 및 인플루엔자 백신에 대한 인식 및 변화 및 인플루엔자 예방접종 의향 및 이유 등을 포함하였다. 부모는 3군으로 나누어 교육 유무(A군: 교육받지 않음, B군: 교육받음)에 따른 인식도 차이와 교육 전후(C군)의 인식도 변화를 분석하였다. 결과: A군과 B군 간 교육에 따른 인식도 차이 중 의미 있는 항목은 '자녀가 고위험군임을 인식함', '독감 예방접종은 효과적', '독감 예방접종은 비쌈' 등이었다. C군에서 교육 전후에 따른 인식도 변화 중 의미 있는 항목은 '자녀가 고위험군임을 인식함', '독감 예방접종은 안전함', '독감 예방접종은 비쌈', '독감 예방접종을 부정적으로 인식함' 등이었다. 결론: 인플루엔자와 인플루엔자 예방접종에 대한 부모의 인식은 홍보물 교육 이후 긍정적인 효과를 보였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.296-302
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• 2018

본 연구는 우리나라 아동의 놀이 여가 실태를 파악하고자 서울 4개 지역과 경기 농촌 1개 지역의 초, 중, 고등학교 학급의 아동 총 564명을 대상으로 조사하였다. 아동의 놀이 여가 대상, 놀이 여가 시간, 놀이 여가 장소, 놀이 여가 비용 등의 일반적 경향을 파악하고, 놀이 여가의 연령별, 지역별, 성별 차이를 분석하였다. 이러한 연구결과를 중심으로 놀이 여가 활성화를 위한 방안을 논의하였다. 이상과 같은 연구결과를 요약, 논의하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 놀이 여가의 대상은 가족보다는 친구의 비중이 높았고 연령이 증가할수록 부모 중 아버지의 비중이 감소하였다. 둘째, 아동의 놀이 여가시간은 미디어를 하면서 보내는 시간이 가장 많았다. 셋째, 아동이 이용하는 놀이 여가 장소도 매우 다양하고 과거와 달리 카페나 노래방 등 성인용 혹은 상업적인 장소가 상당수 있었으므로 놀이 여가의 비형식적이고 비상업적인 본질에 대한 재고가 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 놀이 여가에 비용이 들어가고 있으며 흥미롭게도 놀이 여가 비용이 아동의 연령이나 성에 다라서는 차이가 없는 반면 지역별로 차이가 있었다.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.471-491
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• 2007

The purpose of this study were (1) to thumbnail sketch of present general condition of foreigners and international marriage in Korea, (2) to study special trend of international marriage in rural Korea, particularly immigration connected with poverty, and (3) to focus on prospect of the problem of mixed-bloods, especially half blood children in rural Korea. Many of foreigners were treated discriminatingly, for example racial discrimination and wage discrimination. And discrimination to mixed-blood children will be happen in future. They are in a disadvantageous position because of economic status and appearances. Half blood children have korean nationality because one of his parent is korean. When they grow up and reach their the age of puberty and the age of working, they will resist to discrimination in working and marriage. I had examined precedent studies, and class theory in general, and to suggest it is time to looking for way of reduce social cost and way of coexistence.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제18권3호통권47호
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• pp.115-128
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate investment behavior of mothers who have children of the lower grades in primary school and the effects of the variables. The subjects of this study were 454 mothers who have children of lower grades in primary school in Seoul. Statistics used for data analysis were frequency, mean, percentage, multiple regression. The households which paid their money for private education investment cost was 182.543 won a month and the mean of time use of mother for child education was 125 minutes a day. The most influencing variable on money investment to private education investment behavior was family income and on time investment to it was influence of reference group.