• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.113-122
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine and understand body image, appearance behaviors, and eating disturbances among females in the Diet Center. Subjects for this research were 40 females enrolled at the Diet Center in Seoul. They were interviewed for this study using an interview schedule at September in 2004. As a result, most of the subjects (87%) were dissatisfied with their bodies, especially their lower body such as hip, thighs, legs, stomach. Subjects tended to use dieting and fasting (46.3%) as the most common appearance management behaviors in relation to the body parts. Make-up (32.9%) was also used as routine appearance behaviors, while 37.5% of subjects have had cosmetic surgery on eyes, nose and liposuction. Sixty percent of subjects had participated in Diet center programs more than twice. This may mean that society pressures women to have a slim body, which then will result in more self-confidence. Subjects tend to engage in unhealthy eating behaviors, such as 'fasting', 'inducing vomit', 'using diet pills or laxatives', and 'after chewing, spit out'. Based on these results, socio-cultural body image regarding ideal beauty would be discussed.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.145-149
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• 2010

Objectives : Since cosmetics have been one of the help of life, unlike medicine, natural products have been used for cosmetics, generally giving the image of safety and relief compared to synthetic products. Among them, Houttuynia cordata has been known as a useful herbal medicine with antibiotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. In this study, we were to use Houttuynia cordata extract on formulation of cosmetic emulsions. Methods : The effects of Houttuynia cordata extract on emulsion stability and viscoelastic properties of emulsion were measured using turbiscan and rheometer. And we assessed the anti-oxidative and antibiotic activities of Houttuynia cordata extract. Results : 1. The results of this investigation for emulsion stability showed that the stability emulsion containing Houttuynia cordata extract was decreased depending on concentration of Houttuynia cordata extract. 2. Super oxide dismutase activity was strongly dependents on concentration of Houttuynia cordata extract. 3. Houttuynia cordata extract showed good anti-microbial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusions : Houttuynia cordata extract can be effectively used in cosmetic emulsions when the relation between natural product extracts and formulation of cosmetics is elucidated.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.40-50
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate how brand identity expressional elements in cosmetic road shops' facades would affect the brand awareness of consumers while extracting those brand identity expressional elements observed in the facades of the cosmetic road shops. In order to achieve the research goal, the study used Q methodology, a method to measure subjectivity. The results have been summarized as follows. (1) The elements to express the brand identity found in the facades of the cosmetic road shops were observed to be two-dimensional expressional elements, and they should include a symbol, a logo, a signboard, materials to express an image (products, models) and a brand color. As for the three-dimensional expressional elements, they were a building (form, materials, pattern), decorations (lean-to roof, canopy, sculptures, lighting, screen) and a display window (focusing on products, visuality or the inside of a shop). (2) The findings of the analyses on the brand awareness using Q methodology have been presented as follows. (1) When multiple identity expressional elements which would be associated with each other are used, the brand awareness gets increased relatively efficiently. (2) In case of men, they would perceive a brand more easily through those formative expressional elements such as a form of a building. (3) In case of women, they would perceive a brand more conveniently through those visual expressional elements such as a brand color. (3) In conclusion, the study figured out that, among the brand identity expressional elements, the one which would influence the brand awareness most would be (1) the brand color, followed by (2) the building-form, (3) the lean-to roof, (4) the display window and (5) the logo. Based upon what has been learned so far, the study confirmed that when it comes to securing the brand awareness in the market, cosmetic companies should, first, realize how important it is to make good use of the two-dimensional (visual) expressional element, the brand color, and the three-dimensional expressional element, the form of the building, together before they even try to design facades of their shops on the streets.

• Archives of design research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.37-48
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• 2001

This paper is a study on how women consumers purchase are affected by models who appear in advertisements for cosmetics, focusing especially on studies concerning the impact that models have on advertisement strategies of the cosmetic industry in korea. In surveys conducted, consumers responded that cosmetic advertisement models should examplify a expertness and trustworthiness attitude more than just display their own physical attractiveness. The consumers who bought cosmetic products based on its endorsement from particular models responded that they had a positive reaction to the models physical attractiveness and likability while experiencing a negative reaction to the model's expertness and trustworthiness attitude. Women consumers are interested in cosmetic advertisement models, but do not necessarily trust them. Hence, the use of a Particular model does not directly affect the consumers Purchasing decision. Famous stars often appear in cosmetic advertisements in korea, and targeted consumers have a very positive response to their physical attractiveness, familiarity and perceived likability. However, the consumers have a completely negative response to the models in regards to their expertness, trustworthiness, and their sense of similarity with the model. The models, then, should be used in these advertisements to try and uphold the fellowing qualities. expertness in regards to having some knowledge of, experience with, and expertness in using the cosmetic produces, trustworthiness when expressing their own opinion of the product, matching image of products and targeted consumers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.1374-1385
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• 2009

This study focuses on three points. First, how designers develop clothing and cosmetic culture (which reflect time and culture) into other fashion products in order to verify that attire and makeup can be the objects of aesthetics in addition to functionality. Second, why the fashion design of Christian Dior has been continuously popular for women of all ages and countries in the development of fashion, attire, and makeup. Third, this study analyzes how the aesthetical characteristics of the fashion of Christian Dior are reflected in clothing and cosmetic culture in order to clarify the brand outlook on attire and makeup as a source of France's luxury fashion industry. The philosophical characteristics of Dior's fashion were studied based on existing literature. First, her childhood background (that became the motif of Dior's design) and the philosophical ideology of fashion design, perfume, and beauty were the focus of this study. Second, this study examined how consciousness on beauty expressed in hairstyle, perfume, and cosmetics is expressed in connection with clothing. Third, the background with which Dior's fashion and perfume business became successful is examined in addition the necessity of the image strategy for success in the cosmetics market was studied. Domestic and international books on clothing and cosmetics, preceding studies, the internet, and related magazines are utilized to consider the cosmetics and beauty fashion of Dior. The results of this study show how Korean fashion and cosmetic culture can further globalize. This study encompasses the period of 1905 when Christian Dior was born until 1957 when he died of a heart attack; it also deals with well-known designers of the Christian Dior House from Yves Saint Laurent of 1957 to John Galliano of the present.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.341-348
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• 2023

In this study, basic skin characteristic data was measured by measuring skin hydration, skin sebum secretion rate, skin melanin index, skin redness index, skin redness image analysis, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and amount of stratum corneum before and after creating a temporary high temperature and low humidity environments targeting Korean women in their 20s to 50s. Stratum corneum by tape stripping was collected at each measurement and skin biomarkers including total protein content, carbonylated protein, neutral lipid, and lipid peroxidation were analyzed. Based on the results, the differences before and after creating a high temperature and low humidity environments were confirmed, the correlation between skin characteristics and skin biomarkers was confirmed, and a new skin index was created based on this. The new skin index can be used in product efficacy evaluation, and the possibility of constructing a new clinical study method and using skin biomarker discovery research through additional research was confirmed.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.259-268
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• 2014

Non-invasive technologies in skin research have enabled to use a live image of living skin without a biopsy or histologic processing of tissue. Confocal scanning laser microscope (CSLM) operated at a near-infrared wavelength of 830 nm allows visualization of inner structure of skin as a non-invasive manner. According to previous researches using CSLM, melanin cap and papillary ring were clearly observed in pigmented areas between stratum basale and papillary dermis. In this study, conversional analysis of CSLM digital images into numerical estimation using scanning probe image processor (SPIP) software was attempted for the first time. It is concluded that a quantification of CSLM images can pave way to expand the field of applications of CSLM.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.342-349
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• 2018

In this study, the physicochemical properties, emulsifying capacity, moisture content and cytotoxicity of the composite material produced by transesterification reactions of the olive oil (olive oil esters) were investigated for cosmetic applications. Olive oil esters with short (S) and long (L) reaction times were studied. From the TLC-image analysis, composition ratios of the olive oil esters S were found to be 5.2, 24.1, 46.4, and 21.9% for mono-, di-, tri-glyceride, and fatty acid ethyl ester, respectively. Those of the olive oil esters L were 4.1, 24.7, 40.6, and 28.8% for mono-, di-, tri-glyceride, and fatty acid ethyl ester, respectively. The iodine value, acid value, saponification value, unsaponified matter, refractive index, and specific gravity were determined and purity tests were also carried out and normalized to establish standards and testing methods for using olive oil esters in cosmetics. To evaluate their emulsifying capacities, the O/W emulsion was prepared without surfactants and the formation of the emulsified particles were confirmed. After 5 days of applying the olive oil esters to human skin, the skin moisture retention was improved by 13.1% from the initial state. For the evaluation of toxicity on human skin cells, the olive oil esters showed 90% or more of the cell viability at $0.2-200{\mu}g/mL$. These results suggested that olive oil esters can be applied as natural/non-toxic ingredients to cosmetics industries.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2015

Until recently, the three conventional evaluation methods, which are instrumental (Chromameter$^{(R)}$ CR-400 and Mexameter$^{(R)}$ M18) and visual assessments have been used frequently for skin color evaluation. However, we took notice the potential of image analysis as a new tool to evaluate color change of skin. To reveal the reliability of the image analysis for the evaluation of whitening agents, 34 healthy female volunteers with hyperpigmentation were recruited, and the selected volunteers applied the whitening products containing Vitamin C twice a day in the morning and evening and received iontophoresis treatments once a week for 8 weeks. The changes in hyperpigmentation evaluated by Chromameter$^{(R)}$, Mexameter$^{(R)}$ and visual assessment were compared with the results from the image analysis. As with $L^*$ value trends of the analysis using Chromameter$^{(R)}$, the V value from the image analysis increased after applying the test products compared with baseline values. Furthermore, V value showed a positive correlation with $L^*$ value (r = 0.494, p < 0.01) and negative correlation with MI (r = - 0.683, p < 0.01) and VG (r = - 0.549, p < 0.01). Therefore, image analysis may be considered as an effective method to complement the limitations of visual assessment for whitening efficacy in Asians.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.33-49
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• 2024

Despite COVID-19 and the global economic depression, cosmetics exports are continuously increasing due to the growth of Hallyu consumption overseas. Thus, systematic research is needed to determine what impact Hallyu has on cosmetics. Many studies have been conducted on psychological distance, Hallyu preference, and the overall Korean product image, but research related to the image of cosmetics has been insufficient. AMOS 26.0 was used to empirically analyze the impact of cultural distance, social distance, and Hallyu preference on the national image and the impact of the country's image on the image of cosmetics among females experienced with Hallyu in Indonesia and Malaysia. The empirical analysis showed that cultural distance, social distance, and Hallyu preference had a positive effect on the national image, and the national image also had a positive effect on the image of cosmetics. Since Hallyu has a positive indirect effect on the image of cosmetics, it strengthens the competitiveness of cosmetics companies in overseas markets. In Indonesia, only cultural distance and Hallyu preference were found to affect the national image. However, in Malaysia, all variables affected the national image. Thus, even the same Hallyu content could have different effects on the national and cosmetic images in each country. Therefore, strategies for utilizing different Hallyu contents that are suitable for each country are needed to revitalize Korean cosmetics in overseas markets.