• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.253-266
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• 2020

The extended slip-weakening model was investigated by using a compiled set of source-spectrum-related parameters, i.e. seismic moment M_o, S-wave velocity V_s, corner-frequency f_c, and source-controlled high-cut frequency fmax, for 113 shallow crustal earthquakes (focal depth less than 25 km, M_W 3.0~7.5) that occurred in Japan from 1987 to 2016. The investigation was focused on the characteristics of stress drop, radiation energy-to-seismic moment ratio, radiation efficiency, and fracture energy release rate, G_c. The scaling relationships of those source parameters were also investigated and compared with those in previous studies, which were based on generally used singular models with the dimensionless numbers corresponding to f_c given by Brune and Madariaga. The results showed that the stress drop from the singular model with Madariaga's dimensionless number was equivalent to the breakdown stress drop, as well as Brune's effective stress, rather than to static stress drop as has been usually assumed. The scale dependence of stress drop showed a different tendency in accordance with the size category of the earthquakes, which may be divided into small-moderate earthquakes and moderate-large earthquakes by comparing to M_o = 10¹⁷~10¹⁸ Nm. The scale dependence was quite similar to that shown by Kanamori and Rivera. The scale dependence was not because of a poor dynamic range of recorded signals or missing data as asserted by Ide and Beroza, but rather it was because of the scale dependent V_r-induced local similarity of spectrum as shown in a previous study by the authors. The energy release rate G_c with respect to breakdown distance D_c from the extended slip-weakening model coincided with that given by Ellsworth and Beroza in a study on the rupture nucleation phase; and the empirical relationship given by Abercrombie and Rice can represent the results from the extended slip-weakening model, the results from laboratory stick-slip experiments by Ohnaka, and the results given by Ellsworth and Beroza simultaneously. Also the energy flux into the breakdown zone was well correlated with the breakdown stress drop, ${\tilde{e}}$ and peak slip velocity of the fault faces. Consequently, the investigation results indicate the appropriateness of the extended slip-weakening model.

• 전자공학회논문지CI
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.84-91
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 모바일 증강 현실 시스템 및 항공사진을 이용하여 건물의 부분적 3D 모델을 생성하고, 이를 비디오 영상과 비교하여 사용자의 위치를 실시간으로 추적하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 시스템은 미리 생성된 모델을 사용하는 대신, 시스템 동작 중에 사용자 뷰와 항공 뷰를 결합하여 3D 모델을 생성한다. 우선 GPS의 위치에 따라 데이터베이스로부터 검색된 항공사진과, 피치를 추정하는 관성 센서를 이용하여 사용자의 초기 자세를 계산한다. 그리고 그래프 컷을 이용하여 건물의 상단의 에지를 검출하고, 제안된 비용 함수를 최소화함으로써 하단의 에지와 모퉁이 위치를 찾는다. 실시간으로 사용자의 자세를 추적하기 위해, 사용자가 관촬 중인 건물의 에지 및 벽면에서의 특이점을 이용하여 추적을 수행한다. 본 논문에서는 최소 자승 추정법과 언센티트 칼만 필터를 사용하여 카메라 자세 추정 방법을 구현하고 비교하였다. 또한 두 방법에 대하 속도와 정확도를 비교하고, Anywhere Augmentation 시나리오에 대한 중요한 기본 구성 요소들로서 실험결과의 유용성을 보였다.