• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.450-460
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• 1992

The study was performed to investigate the effect of corn bran as a fiber source on the utilization of thiamin niacin and pantothenic acid in human subjects for 8 weeks. Four different corn bran diets were fed : dry milled fine(DF) dry milled coarse(DC) wet milled fine(WF) and wet milled coarse(WC) Basal diet no corn bran bread added was employed as a control Apparent recovery of each B complex vitamin in urine was estimated to evaluate the vitamin and compared. The utilziation of three B vitamins was affected by the corn bran treatment. Dry milled corn bran had a higher recovery rate of thiamin(dry milled : 233% wet milled : 1.70%) than those receiving wet milled corn bran. Similar recovery pattern of niacin(dry milled : 1.94% wet milled : 1.50%) to that of thiamin was also observed. Particle size seemed to affect the vitamin utilization regardless of type of corn bran. Coarse bran gave a lower recovery value than fine corn bran in genreral. For pantothenic acid the recovery of the vitamin was affected to a greater extent by particle size of corn bran than by type of corn bran milling(fine: 60.22% coarse : 51.51%) Groups consuming wet milled corn bran\ulcorner(5`.57%) excreted more NDF than those fed dry milled corn bran(42.29%) Dry milled corn bran showed little or no water holding capacity poor fecal bulking properties and increased fecal transit time. The results suggest that corn bran supplementation exerts an negative effect on three B vitamin utilization.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.15-18
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• 1977

This study carried out to know whether corn shank can be used as the crude fiber source for the larval growth or not, The results obtained from this study are summarized as follows: 1. It seems that there are no bad effects of the artificial diet containing corn shank on feeding of the newly hatched larva. 2. Author did not find any bad effects of the artificial diet containing corn shank on larval growth and cocoon qualifies. 3. In view of these results, it seems that the corn shank is suitable for use as the crude fiber source for the silkworm artificial diet.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.185-192
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• 1992

This experiment was conducted to compare the productivity of five silage corn varieties. Corn varieties were Pioneer 3144(P 3144), 3160(P 3160), 3282(P 3282), 3352(P 3352) and Suweon 19(S 19) and were seeded on May 2 and harvested on August 15. Ratios of stalk, leaf and ear, chemical composition and yields of nutrients were investigated in respective corn part. Experimental design was accepted by Latin square arrangement with five replicates and each plot had twenty two plants. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Crude portein, crude ash and nitrogen free extract(NFE) contents of whole plant ranged from 6.32 to 7.18%, 5.16 to 7.43% and 52.62 to 57.90%, respectively, and there were no significant(P>.Ol) differences between varieties. Crude protein and NFE content were the highest in ear between corn parts. 2. Crude fiber conent of whole plant ranged from 18.98 % to 24.01 %, and was the highest in suweon 19 and the lowest in P 3352(P<.01). Crude fiber content was the highest in stem and the lowest in ear, However, crude fat content(2.03-3.66 %) vice versa. 3. Yields of organic matter, crude protein, crude fat, NFE and TDN per 10a were the greatest(P< .01) in P 3282, however crude fiber yield was the highest(P<.Ol) in P 3352. 4. Ratios of different part to total dry matter yield ranged from 12.7 %(P 3352) to 17.8 %(P 3160) for leaf, 44.5(P 3352) to 66.9 %(P 3160) for stem and husks, and 16.9 %(P 3282) to 42.8 %(P 3352) for ear, and there were significant differences between corn varieties(P<.Ol). Consequently, P 3352 has the greatest nutrient yields, particularly by ear, and P 3282 has a great nutrient yield by stem. This result suggested that could be appear a better character of silage corn by hybridization of this two corn varieties.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.172-178
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• 1990

This experiment was conducted to enhance nutritional value of whole crop corn silage and increase mixture levels of broiler excreta by adding of corn meal. Treatments were included non mixture(control), adding 10, 20, 30% of broiler excreta and adding 10, 20, 30% of broiler excreta and corn meal as a fresh matter basis, respectively. One liter laboratory silos were prepared. The characteristics of fermentation and micro-organisms during the silage process were assessed. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The crude fiber, NDF and ADF contents were high in whole crop corn(P(O.Ol), crude protein and crude ash contents were high in the broiler excreta(P<0.05), and NFE content was high in corn meal (P< 0.05). 2. Crude protein content of silage was increased(I'$NH_3$-N contents of silage were markedly increased with increasing levels of broiler excreta and corn meal, and was the highest in the 30% broiler excreta treatment(P$meal$ <0.05), and Flieg's value gains "very good" by showing organic acids. 5. Numbers of total bacteria and lactobacilli were $10^5$ to $10^7$ and $10^5$ to $10^6$ , respectively, and were similar in all treatment. Colliform was all but annihilated in the treatment with mixture of broiler excreta and corn rneal.orn rneal.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.317-321
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• 2005

L- arabinose residues are widely distributed in plant cell walls, where they are present in polymers such as arabinans, arabinoxylans, arabinogalactans and arabinogalactan proteins. L-arabinose suppress intestinal sucrase and decrease the adsorption of sugar in the small intestine, consequently, weight loss and fatness prevent. Now, xylose be used replacement sugar and arabinose be utilized fatness prevent of our time. Various Agricultural surplus like com fiber, contain $20\;{\sim}\;40%$ of hemicellulose. Corn fiber from Agricultural Renewable Biomass was chosen the best suitable material for arabinose production. In this work, we searched about for L-arabinose gene in compost, metagenome pool and indonesian soil. So, the B1029 TS2-8 of L-arabinase gene in compost was selected by YNB media(5% yeast nitrogen base, 5% arabinogalactan). After enzyme reaction with corn fiver, B1029 TS2-8 produced 2.15 g/L of L-arabonose.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.177-184
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• 2005

This study was conducted to study the effect of fiber sources on ruminal pH and buffering capacity and whole digestive tract digestibility with five ruminally fistulated sheep. Evaluated fiber sources were alfalfa hay cube (AHC), corn cob (CC), com silage (CS), cotton seed hull (CSH), peanut hull (PHL), rice straw (RS), and sugarcane bagasse (SCB). Sheep were fed consecutively a diet containing each tested fiber source $(45\%)$ with a corn-based concentrate diets $(55\%)$ during each experimental period. Ruminal pH showed no difference among fiber sources except the significantly lower pH at 8h (p<0.05) with RS (pH; 5.78) than those in other sources. Buffering capacity showed significant differences at 0h (p<0.05) and 2h (p<0.05) after feeding in CS compared to those from SCB and CC, while there was higher in PHL (p<0.01) at 12h post feeding except AHC than CC, CS, SCB, and RS. Dry matter digestibility was significantly higher in CS (p<0.001) than in other sources. Neutral detergent fiber digestibility was higher in CC, CS, CSH, and RS than other fiber sources (p<0.001). These results suggest that ruminal pH and buffering capacity and whole digestive track digestibility were significantly affected by fiber sources in ruminant diet, and, therefore, should be took those effects into account for TMR formulation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.373-377
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• 2007

Alfalfa silage and corn silage are the major dairy feeds in most dairy operations in Michigan, USA. In recent years, the need to improve digestible fiber and dry matter intake of forages to meet the nutrient requirements of high yielding dairy cows and the willingness to plant corn specifically for silage has led plant breeders to focus on the brown mid-rib (BMR) trait. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different ratio of alfalfa to BMR corn silage and ration level of forage neutral detergent fiber (NDF) on animal performance of lactating cows in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. This study was conducted at the Upper Peninsula Experiment Station of Michigan State University in Chatham, Michigan, USA. Two different ratios of forage type (high alfalfa silage/low BMR corn silage, AS, and high BMR corn silage/low alfalfa silage, BMRCS) and two different dietary NDF contents (27% NDF, 27 = low forage/high grain feeding, and 33% NDF, 33 = high forage/low grain feeding) were used. The experimental design was a $4{\times}4$ Latin Square with 20 milking cows (12 multiparous and 8 primiparous). This trial had four 21-day periods with 14 d adaptation and 7 d data collection. Milk yield and body condition score (BCS) on the AS-27, BMRCS-27 and BMRCS-33 treatments were significantly (p<0.05) higher than on the AS-33 treatment. Dry matter intake of the AS-27 and BMRCS-27 treatments was significantly (p<0.05) higher than for the AS-33 and BMRCS-33 treatments. Milk urea nitrogen (MUN) on the AS-33 treatment was significantly (p<0.05) higher than on the other diet treatments. A key finding of this study was that the BMRCS-33 (higher amounts of brown mid-rib corn silage than alfalfa silage, high forage and low grain feeding diet at 33% NDF) led to the equal highest milk production whilst having the equal lowest dry matter intake. This study demonstrated that the diet with higher ratio of highly digestible NDF forage such as brown mid-rib corn silage to alfalfa silage could lower grain feeding in the ration.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1768-1773
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• 2016

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of variety and planting year on the nutritive values of corn fed to growing pigs. Four corn varieties examined in this experiment were planted in the same village located in Longhua County, Heibei Province, China, in 2012, 2013, and 2014, respectively. During each year, corn was hand-harvested in early October and sun dried to about 14% moisture content. Three batches of twenty-four barrows ($33.27{\pm}4.30$, $31.88{\pm}2.93$, $34.21{\pm}3.81kg$ body wight [BW] in 2012, 2013, and 2014, respectively) were used and allotted to a complete block design with 4 diets and 6 replicate pigs per diet. Pigs were individually placed in metabolic crates. The four experimental diets were formulated by mixing each variety of corn and vitamins and minerals, respectively. A five-day collection period followed a seven-day diet acclimation period. The results indicated that variety of corn significantly influenced the available energy content (digestible energy [DE] on dry matter basis, p<0.05; metabolizable energy (ME) on dry matter basis, p<0.05, respectively), and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of organic matter (p<0.01), dry matter (p<0.05), gross energy (p<0.05), neutral detergent fiber (p<0.01), acid detergent fiber and ether extract (p<0.05). The planting year also significantly influenced the available energy contents (DE on dry matter basis, p<0.05; ME on dry matter basis, p<0.01, respectively) and the ATTD of neutral detergent fiber (p<0.01), acid detergent fiber (p<0.01), crude protein (p<0.01), and ether extract (p<0.01). No interaction was observed between the variety and planting year in DE and ME contents in corn. In conclusion, the variety and planting year significantly influenced the available energy and nutrient digestibility of corn fed to growing pigs.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.177-184
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• 2013

This work was conducted to assess the use of Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) as a technique to analyze nutritional constituents of Distillers dried grain with solubles (DDGS) and corn quickly and accurately, and to apply an NIRS-based indium gallium arsenide array detector, rather than a NIRS-based scanning system, to collect spectra and induce and analyze calibration equations using equipment which is better suited to field application. As a technique to induce calibration equations, Partial Least Squares (PLS) was used, and for better accuracy, various mathematical transformations were applied. A multivariate outlier detection method was applied to induce calibration equations, and, as a result, the way of structuring a calibration set significantly affected prediction accuracy. The prediction of nutritional constituents of distillers dried grains with solubles resulted in the following: moisture ($R^2$=0.80), crude protein ($R^2$=0.71), crude fat ($R^2$=0.80), crude fiber ($R^2$=0.32), and crude ash ($R^2$=0.72). All constituents except crude fiber showed good results. The prediction of nutritional constituents of corn resulted in the following: moisture ($R^2$=0.79), crude protein ($R^2$=0.61), crude fat ($R^2$=0.79), crude fiber ($R^2$=0.63), and crude ash ($R^2$=0.75). Therefore, all constituents except for crude fat and crude fiber were predicted for their chemical composition of DDGS and corn through Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.1491-1498
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• 2021

Objective: This research was carried out to investigate the effects of corn particle size on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy and nutrients fed to pigs at four different growth stages and therefore to provide basis for better application of corn in pig feeds. Methods: Eighteen weanling piglets, 18 growing barrows, 24 gestating sows and 24 lactating sows were used in this study. Within each stage, pigs were allotted to 1 of 3 or 4 corn-soybean meal diets which were formulated with different corn particle size in a completely randomized design with 6 replicate pigs per diet. Each stage lasted for 19 days, including 7 days for cages adaptation, 7 days for adaptation to diets and followed by 5 days for total collection of feces and urine. Results: For nursery and growing stages, the results showed that digestible energy content and ATTD of gross energy (GE), dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) was increased (p<0.05) as the corn particle size reduced. Meanwhile, the metabolizable energy content and ATTD of crude protein (CP) tended to increase. For gestating sows, no differences were found in the ATTD of nutrients among dietary treatments. As for lactating sows, there were linear and quadratic increases (p<0.05) in the ATTD of DM, GE, NDF as the corn being finer milled. Quadratic response in ATTD of ADF and CP (p<0.05) were observed as sows fed with four different diets. Conclusion: Reducing corn particle size can increase digestibility of nutrients fed to young pigs and lactating sows. No effects were observed in present experiment when gestating sows were fed with different particle sized corn.