• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.299-314
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• 1999

Bonding metal and textile components to rubber has always posed a problem. In this paper, an attempt had been made to modify textile and metal surfaces for bonding with rubber. The metal surfaces were modified using silane coupling agents and textile fibers were modified using plasma polymerization techniques. Some results on adhesion of metals to a range of sulfur-cured rubber compounds using a combination of organofunctional silanes are given here. The treatment was not only effective for high-sulfur compounds but also for low-sulfur com pounds as used in engine mounts and even for some semi-EV compounds. Coatings of plasmapolymerized pyrrole or acetylene were deposited on aramid and polyester tire cords. Standard pull-out force adhesion measurements were used to determine adhesion of tire cords to rubber compounds. The plasma coatings were characterized by various techniques and the performance results are explained in an interpenetrating network model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 1995

Bowing of the vocal cords may be due to aging. atrophy. bilateral superior laryngeal nerve paralysis. injudicious vocal cord surgery, of an idiopathic cause. The bowing usually produces a dysphonia characterized by breathiness due to air escape : however, it can produce aphonia. This report reviews vocal function after surgical correction of bowing of the vocal cords for diagnosis and management. The vocal function of 13 patients with sulcus vocalis and 12 patients with vocal cord atrophy was evaluated with the use of a test battery of multidimensional evaluation items. The voice was improved postoperatively in most patients. The voice improvement was reflected objectively in maximum phonation time, mean air flow rate during phonation, stroboscopic findings. sound pressure level range and fundamental frequency range of phonation, and results of acoustic analyses of tape-recorded voice. The vocal function after surgical correction of the sulcus vocalis and vocal cord atrophy was improved postoperatively in most patient, but the results were not satisfactory.

• Kosin Medical Journal
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.252-256
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• 2018

We report a case of difficult endotracheal intubation in a patient with tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica. A 65-year-old man was scheduled to undergo ulnar nerve decompression and ganglion excisional biopsy under general anesthesia. During induction of general anesthesia, an endotracheal tube could not be advanced through the vocal cords due to resistance. A large number of nodules were identified below the vocal cords using a $Glidescope^{(R)}$ video-laryngoscopy, and fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed irregular nodules on the surface of the entire trachea and the main bronchus below the vocal cords. Use of a small endotracheal tube was attempted and failed. a laryngeal mask airway (LMA $Supreme^{TM}$) rather than further intubation was successfully used to maintain the airway.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.409-412
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• 1993

We report a case of subglottic stenosis by blunt neck trauma. Preoperative CT showed a stenosis extending distally from just below the vocal cords for 4cm. Concomittent bilateral vocal cords paralysis and quadriplegia were present. At operation the lesion was severely adhesed and the lumen was nearly obstructed. The recurrent laryngeal nerves were embedded in fibrous tissue and were not identified at ease. The stenosed segment was resected and direct end-to-end anastomosis with preservation of the recurrent laryngeal nerves was performed. Six months latar he discharged with intermediate position of vocal cord paralysis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Information Management Conference
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• 1996.08a
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• pp.111-114
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• 1996

전자출판, 하이퍼미디어, 정보관리기술을 주요 기술요소로 한 디지털도서관이 출현하게 되어 정보의 접근과 전달의 문제는 해결하였으나, 동시에 해결해야 할 새로운 문제가 발생하였다. 그것은 디지털도서관의 대상데이터인 정보의 생산과 배포, 이용의 과정에서 발생하는 저작권의 문제인 것이다. 디지털도서관의 저작권문제는 비디지털자료를 디지털화하는 정보의 생산의 과정에서 발생하는 문제와, 디지털 데이터를 이용하는 과정에서 발생하는 문제로 나눌 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 LC의 전자저작권관리시스템을 위해 수행되고 있는 CORDS(Copyright Office Electronic Registration, Recordation ＆ Deposit System) 프로젝트를 토대로 후자의 문제를 해결하기 위한 전자저작권관리의 개념과 구성요소에 대해 논하고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.431-437
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• 2000

The aim of this study was to evaluate the involvement of CPP32 (caspase-3), one of the death-related enzymes, in the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). EAE was induced in Lewis rats immunized with an emulsion of rat spinal cord homogenate with complete Freunds adjuvant supplemented with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Ra, 5mg/ml). The expression of CPP32 in the spinal cords of rats with EAE was studied. In normal rat spinal cords, CPP32 is constitutively, but weakly, expressed in neurons and some neuroglial cells. In the EAE spinal cords, many inflammatory cells were positive for CPP 32, and the majority of CPP32(+) cells were identified as ED1(+) macrophages. During this stage of EAE, the number of CPP32(+) cells in brain cells, including neurons and astrocytes, increased, and these cells also had increased CPP32 immunoreactivity. CPP32 immunor eactivity was not always matched with apoptosis of inflammatory cells in EAE lesions. We speculate that CPP32, which is constitutlvely expressed in brain cells, increases in response to neuroimmunological stimulation in both brain neuronal cells and inflammatory cells. The functional role of CPP32 in neuroimmunological disorders is discussed.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 1997

Protein kinase C an enzyme of signal transduction has been known to regulate cell proliferation activation as well as apoptosis in some cancer cell lines. To explore the role of PKC in the course of cell mediated autoimmune disease such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) EAE was induced in Lewis rats(6-8 weeks old) with immunization of myelin basic protein supplemented with complete Freund's adjuvants and affected spinal cords were sampled at days 13 postimmunization(PI) as peak stage of EAE and at days 21 PI as recovery stage. The spinal cords with EAE were subjected to Northern blot analysis and insitu hybridization of PKC delta which is one of prominant isotypes of PKC in the haematopoietic cells. Northern blot analysis showed that levels of PKS delta mRNA in the spinal cords of rats withEAE was significantly increased at days 13 PI in which inflammatory cells including T cells and macrophages in the EAE lesions appeared. however the stage. By in situ hybridization signals of PKC delta in EAE lesions was intensely expressed on the delta is also expressed on some brain cells in normal rat central nervous system This finding suggests that PKC plays an important role on either activation of inflammatory cells including encephalitogenic T cells and macrophages or apoptotic elimination of some inflammatory cells depending on the stge of EAE.

• Composites Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.9-17
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• 2003

In order to simulate the crack connection between cords and the interply crack growth in the belt-layer of real tire, 2 ply rubber/cord laminate specimens with exposed edges were tested in 4~11mm displacement control. Measurement of the crack connection is evaluated when crack reaches the half of the length between 45$^{\circ}$ aligned cords, and the amount of the crack growth is measured by the steel probe method. 2 dimensional analytic modeling was performed to simulate the crack connection between cords at the exposed edges. Also, the theoretical life of the specimens was calculated from the crack connection life between cords(critical value) and from the critical value to the final failure by the use of Tearing energy(T); the strain energy release per unit area of one fracture surface of a crack. Then, theoretical life was compared with those of experiments. The life prediction up to the critical value has about 20% error compared to experimental life, and up to the final failure about 65% error. Therefore, total theoretical life has about 45% error compared to the experimental life, which is conceivable in the case of rubber.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.201-204
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• 2008

In this paper, several process parameter studies of the manufacturing process of the steel cords are carried out to verify the relation between the process parameters and the residual stresses on the steel cords. At first, the finite element analysis of the drawing process is performed and the residual stress distributions with respect to the wire material and the area reduction ratio are obtained. The residual stress of the drawn wire is imported the finite element analysis of the twisting process as an initial stress. After that a parameter study of the twisting process is carried out. The process parameters are the applied tension, the over-twisting angle and the tensile strength of the drawn wire. Based on these studies, the optimum values of the process parameters which can remove or reduce the undesired residual stresses are determined. The optimum value of the process parameters are confirmed by the finite element analysis of the elastic recovery process of the steel cords. Finally, the finite element analysis of the roller straightening process is done to study the variation of the distribution of the residual stress before and after the process.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.28-32
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• 2013

Because the human voice is produced through vibration of the vocal cords during the exhalation of airflow, it is important to observe the vibration pattern of the vocal cords in patients complaining of voice changes. However, it is not easy to observe the actual vibration pattern of the vocal cord because it vibrates so fast that it cannot be observed by the naked eye and it is located deep in the throat. Recently, with advances in instruments, including laryngoscopes and video camera systems, the vibration pattern of the vocal cords can now be observed. However, considering that present video camera systems can detect 30-60 images per second and the vocal cord vibrates at 100-200 and 200-300 times per second in men and women, respectively, it is not possible to record the whole mucosal wave of the vocal cord in real time. To overcome this limitation, a stroboscope, which converts fast movements of the vocal cord into slower images, has been developed. Since then, several instruments were developed to examine vocal vibration pattern. However, each instruments have advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, we should know about these things to apply them in patients with voice problem.