• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.1863-1869
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• 2014

The amplification of telomerase component (TERC) gene could play an important role in generation and treatment of haematological malignancies. This present study was aimed to investigate copy number amplification status of TERC gene in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients who were being treated with imatinib mesylate (IM). Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of CML-IM Resistant (n=63), CML-IM Respond (n=63) and healthy individuals (n=30). TERC gene copy number predicted (CNP) and copy number calculated (CNC) were determined based on $Taqman^{(R)}$ Copy Number Assay. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis was performed to confirm the normal signal pattern in C4 (calibrator) for TERC gene. Nine of CML patients showed TERC gene amplification (CNP=3), others had 2 CNP. A total of 17 CML patients expressed CNC>2.31 and the rest had 2.31>CNC>1.5. TERC gene CNP value in healthy individuals was 2 and their CNC value showed in range 1.59-2.31. The average CNC TERC gene copy number was 2.07, 1.99 and 1.94 in CML-IM Resistant patients, CML-IM Respond and healthy groups, respectively. No significant difference of TERC gene amplification observed between CML-IM Resistant and CML-IM Respond patients. Low levels of TERC gene amplification might not have a huge impact in haematological disorders especially in terms of resistance towards IM treatment.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제29권4B호
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• pp.397-402
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 파일 전송 시 발생하는 메모리 복사(memo교 copy)와 문맥 교환(context switch)을 최소화하여 시스템의 성능(performance)을 향상시킬 수 있는 네트워크 시스템 호출에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 기존 파일 전송 기법에서 사용자가 하나의 패킷을 전송할 때, 사용자와 커널(Kernel) 공간 사이에서의 메모리 복사가 2회에 걸쳐 수행된다. 이러한 사용자와 커널 공간 사이에서 이루어지는 메모리 복사는 데이터 전송에 소요되는 시간을 증가시키고, 시스템의 성능에 좋지 않은 영향을 준다. 본 논문은 이러한 문제점들을 해결하기 위하여 필요한 경우 사용자와 커널 사이에서의 메모리 복사를 수행하지 않고, 데이터가 커널 공간 내에서 송수신될 수 있는 새로운 알고리즘을 제시하였다. 또한 실제의 시스템에서 제안된 알고리즘의 성능을 분석하기 위하여 리눅스 커널 버전 2.6.0의 소스 코드를 수정하였고, 새로운 네트워크 시스템 호출을 구현하였다. 성능 측정 결과, 본 연구에서 제안한 파일 전송 방식이 기존의 파일 전승 방식에 비하여 짧은 파일 전송 시간을 보여주었다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

자바 바이트코드는 다양한 장점을 갖지만. 실행속도가 느리고 분석이 어렵다는 단점이 존재한다. 따라서 네트워크와 같은 실행환경에서 효과적으로 실행되기 위해서는 최적화된 코드로 변환이 요구된다. 최적화된 코드로 변환하기 위해 CTOC가 구현되었다. CTOC는 기존의 바이트코드를 이용해서 CFG를 생성한 후 분석과 최적화를 위해 SSA Form을 생성하였다. 하지만 SSA Form으로 변환하는 과정에서 ${\phi}$-함수의 삽입으로 인해 노드의 개수가 늘어나는 현상이 발생하였다. 노드의 개수를 줄이기 위한 한 가지 방법으로 SSA Form에서 적용 가능한 최적화인 복사 전파를 수행하였다. 복사 전파란 하나의 변수 값이 다른 변수의 값으로 복사하는 과정이다. 복사 전파에 의한 변환은 변환 자체로는 큰 효과를 나타내지 못하는 경우가 존재하지만 이후 최적화 과정에서 변수가 사용되지 않는 경우 해당 변수에 대한 복사식을 제거할 수 있는 가능성을 제공하기 때문에 중요한 과정이다. 본 논문은 SSA Form에서 좀 더 최적화된 코드를 얻기 위한 복사 전파 수행을 보인다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.7-10
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• 1985

Eye blinking in case of three visual tasks is studied; wall hard-copy and color monitor. The eye blinking is checked by eye-status detector. The data observed are (1) the average number of eye blinking (2) the average time of eye blinking for three minutes in case of all three visual tasks. The results are as follows: (1) The average times (or numbers) of eye blinking are different among three tasks. (2) The average time (or number) of eye blinking of wall is different from hard-copy and color monitor tasks. (3) But the average time (or number) of eye blinking of hard-copy is not different from that of color monitor.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.255-261
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• 1987

Five independent Actinomycetes harboring plasmids were isolated from soil. Molecular weight of these plasmids was 55kb, 6.2kb, 4.4kb, 55kb and 7.0kb, respectively. Among them small and apprent high copy number plasmids, pJY501 of 4.4kb and pHY711 of 7.0kb, were selected. The plasmids purified by CsCl-EtBr density gradient centrifugation preserved the conformation of supercoiled covalently closed circular molecule, and an apparent copy number was estivated about 150 and about 35 per chromosome. The isolates carrying plasmids were assigned to the genus Streptomyces. For the purpose of introducing selection markers into the isolated plasmids, the tsr fragmemt of pIJ702 was inserted into the BclI site of pJY 501 and pJY711. And the recombinant plasmids constructed designated as pJY502 and pJY712 respectively.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.46-51
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• 2023

Exonic copy number variation (CNV), involving deletions and duplications at the gene's exon level, presents challenges in detection due to their variable impact on gene function. The study delves into the complexities of identifying large CNVs and investigates less familiar but recurrent exonic CNVs, notably enriched in East Asian populations. Examining specific cases like DRC1, STX16, LAMA2, and CFTR highlights the clinical implications and prevalence of exonic CNVs in diverse populations. The review addresses diagnostic challenges, particularly for single exon alterations, advocating for a strategic, multi-method approach. Diagnostic methods, including multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, droplet digital PCR, and CNV screening using next-generation sequencing data, are discussed, with whole genome sequencing emerging as a powerful tool. The study underscores the crucial role of ethnic considerations in understanding specific CNV prevalence and ongoing efforts to unravel subtle variations. The ultimate goal is to advance rare disease diagnosis and treatment through ethnically-specific therapeutic interventions.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2001년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.99-102
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 히루딘을 생산할 수 있는 재조합 S. cerevisiae 에서 ‘히루딘 유전자의 copy number 와 히루딘 발현양과의 관계를 규명하였으며 , ${\delta}$ 서열을 이중으로 사용한 히루딘 발현벡터를 제조하여 히루딘 유전자의 효모염색체로의 도입효율을 증가시켰다. 숙주세포인 효모의 GALl 유전자를 파쇄하여 균체에 의한 갈락토스 소모를 방지하여 보다 경제적으로 히루딘을 생산할 수 있는 시스템을 개발하였으며, 재조합 H. polymorpha을 이용한 발효공정에서 히루딘 생산을 위한 최적의 메탄올 농도를 결정하였다.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1037-1046
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• 2009

Copy number variations(CNVs) are known as one of the most important factors in susceptibility to genetic disorders because they affect expression levels of genes. In previous studies, pyrosequencing, mini-sequencing real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR), invader assays and other techniques have been used to detect CNVs. However, the higher the copy number in a genome, the more difficult it is to resolve the copies, so a more accurate method for measuring CNVs and assigning genotype is needed. PCR followed by a quantitative oligonucleotide ligation assay(qOLA) was developed for quantifying CNVs. The aim of this study was to compare the two methods for detecting and quantifying the CNVs of duplicated gene: the published pyrosequencing assay(pyro_CNV) and the newly developed qOLA_CNV. The accuracy and precision of the assay were evaluated for porcine KIT, which was selected as a model locus. Overall, the root mean squares(RMSs) of bias and standard deviation of qOLA_CNV were 2.09 and 0.45, respectively. These values are less than half of those of pyro CNV.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.144-151
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• 2014

Increasing the gene copy number has been commonly used to enhance the protein expression level in the yeast Pichia pastoris. However, this method has been shown to be effective up to a certain gene copy number, and a further increase of gene dosage can result in a decrease of expression level. Evidences indicate the gene dosage effect is product-dependent, which needs to be determined when expressing a new protein. Here, we describe a direct detection of the gene dosage effect on protein secretion through expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene under the direction of the ${\alpha}$-factor preprosequence in a panel of yeast clones carrying increasing copies of the EGFP gene (from one to six copies). Directly examined under fluorescence microscopy, we found relatively lower levels of EGFP were secreted into the culture medium at one copy and two copies, substantial improvement of secretion appeared at three copies, plateau happened at four and five copies, and an apparent decrease of secretion happened at six copies. The secretion of EGFP being limiting at four and five copies was due to abundant intracellular accumulation of proteins, observed from the fluorescence image of yeast and confirmed by western blotting, which significantly activated the unfolded protein response indicated by the up-regulation of the BiP (the KAR2 gene product) and the protein disulfide isomerase. This study implies that tagging a reporter like GFP to a specific protein would facilitate a direct and rapid determination of the optimal gene copy number for high-yield expression.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.476-483
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• 1988

효모 유전자 운반체의 유형을 특징지우는 ARS1 (autonomous replicating sequence), CEN3 (centromere), 2 $\mu$m OR (yeast plasmid의 origin of replication)의 DNA 절편을 재조합하여 만든 유전자 운반체들의 형질전환력, 안정도 및 운반체 수를 효모균주 SHY4(cir$^+$)와 NNY1(cir$^{\circ}$)에서 비교 조사하였다. CEN3를 갖는 유전자 운반체는 매우 안정하나 세포당 수가 하나로 매우 낮으며 2 $\mu$m OR과 ARS1 을 동시에 갖는 유전자 운반체는 안정할 뿐만 아니라 세포당 수도 높으며 균주내에 존재하는 2 $\mu$m 플라스미드는 2 $\mu$m OR을 가지는 유전자 운반체의 복제에 영향을 준다는 사실을 알 수 있었다.