• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.66-73
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of psychosocial factors related to functional dyspepsia(FD) and their effects on quality of life(QOL) in firefighters. Methods : This study examined data collected from 1,217 firefighters. We measured psychological symptoms by Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder questionnaire(GAD-7), Korean Occupational Stress Scale(KOSS), Ways of Coping checklist(WCCL), Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale(RSES) and World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale abbreviated version(WHOQOL-BREF). Chi-square test, independent t-test, Pearson's correlation test, logistic regression analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis were used as statistical analysis methods. Results : For the group with FD, the male participants showed significantly higher frequency(p=0.006) compared to the female participants. The group with FD had higher scores for depressive symptoms(p<.001), anxiety (p<.001), and occupational stress(p<.001), and did lower scores for self-esteem(p=.008), quality of life(p<.001) than those without FD. The FD risk was higher in the following KOSS subcategories: job demand(OR 1.94, 95% CI : 1.29-2.93), lack of reward(OR 2.47, 95% CI : 1.61-3.81), and occupational climate(OR 1.51, 95% CI : 1.01-2.24). In the hierarchical regression analysis, QOL was best predicted by depressive symptoms, self-esteem, and occupational stress. Three predictive variables above accounts for 42.0% variance explained of total variance. Conclusions : The psychosocial factors showed significant effects on FD, and predictive variables for QOL were identified based on regression analysis. The results suggest that the psychiatric approach should be accompanied with medical approach in future FD assessment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.36
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• pp.133-163
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• 2011

The aim of this study is to examine the relationships between social support and child behavior problems and cognitive development in low income female-headed families. Informed by the stress-coping theory, family process model, and theoretical perspectives related to social support, this study estimates both direct and indirect effects of social support on child behavior problems and cognitive development. In particular, we focus on how the relationship between child outcomes and social support is mediated by mothers' parenting stress. The first three waves of longitudinal data from a subsample of 1,315 single and non-cohabiting low-income mothers in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study were utilized in this study. Results suggest that social support is directly associated with child behavior problems and also indirectly associated with child behavior problems mediated by mothers' parenting stress. Social support did not have a direct effect on children's cognitive development but rather had an indirect effect, which was mediated by mothers' parenting stress. The policy and practice implications of these findings are discussed.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.87-96
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• 2024

Purpose: The rising prevalence of smartphone overdependence among adolescents and its detrimental impact on mental health have become a growing concern. This study aimed to investigate the association between smartphone overdependence and the mental health of Korean adolescents. Methods: Participants were drawn from the 16th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey conducted in 2020. The dependent variable as smartphone overdependence, while the main exposure of interest was mental health, encompassing generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), perceived stress, sources of perceived stress, perceived loneliness, and perceived depressive symptoms. The study employed the Rao-Scott chi-square test and multiple logistic regression using IBM SPSS version 26.0. Results: The participants comprised 54,948 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years. Among them, 25.1% (n=13,775) were categorized as smartphone overdependence group. Specifically, 20.3% of adolescents who reported GAD ≥10 and 22.5% of those who reported experiencing high levels of perceived loneliness were identified as smartphone overdependent. The GAD increased a risk of smartphone overdependence by 2.61 times (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.46-2.77). Perceived loneliness was associated with 1.98-fold (95% CI: 1.87-2.09) increased risk of smartphone overdependence. Additionally, conflict with peers was found to increase the risk of smartphone overdependence by 4.63-fold (95% CI: 3.89-5.52), followed by conflict with parents (odds ratio [OR]: 4.52, 95% CI: 3.84-5.31), and family environment (OR: 4.52, 95% CI: 3.75-5.46). Conclusion: The findings underscore a significant association between smartphone overdependence and mental health in Korean adolescents. Healthcare services to improve their emotional coping and interpersonal skills are necessary.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.267-274
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• 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of 20-day litter weight on behavior and heart rate variability (HRV) of piglets under stress. Methods: Forty four original litters were categorized as high litter weight (HW) litters (n = 22) and low litter weight (LW) litters (n = 22) by 20-day litter weight. From each original HW litter, three males and three females were randomly selected after weaning and the 12 piglets from two original litters with similar age of days were regrouped into one new high litter weight (NHW) litter (11 NHW litters in total). The original LW litters were treated with a same program, so that there were 11 new low litter weight (NLW) litters as well. The latencies to first fighting, fighting frequencies and duration within three hours were recorded after regrouping and the lesions on body surface within 48 hours were scored. Besides, HR (heart rate, bpm, beats per minute) and activity count (ACT), time domain indexes and frequency domain indexes of the piglets were measured in an isolation trial to analyze the discrepancy in coping with stress between the original HW and LW litters. Results: The results exhibited that piglets from the HW litters launched fighting sooner and got statistically higher skin lesion score than those from the LW litters (p = 0.03 and 0.02, respectively). Regarding the HRV detection, compared with the HW litters, the LW litters exhibited a lower mean HR (p<0.05). In the isolation test, a highly significant higher ACT value was observed between the HW litters, compared to the LW litters (p<0.01). Significant differences were observed in standard deviation of R-R intervals, standard deviation of all normal to normal intervals, and most frequency-domain indicators: very low-frequency, low-frequency, and high frequency between the HW and LW litters as well. The difference in LF:HF was not significant (p = 0.779). Conclusion: This study suggests that compared with litters of low 20-day litter weights, litters with higher 20-day litter weight take more positive strategies to cope with stress and have stronger HRV regulation capacity; HW litters demonstrate better anti-stress and adaptation capacity in the case of regrouping and isolation.

• 한국노년학
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.195-209
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing file-up family stress in the caregivers of patients with dementia. Data was collected by questionnaires from 102 families with a member having a dementia, at neurology departments of hospitals, temporary shelter for dementia patient, and nursing homes for the elderly. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. In results, the score of file-up stress showed a significantly negative correlation with the score of level of family hardiness(r=-.200, p=.026), social support(r=-.361, p=.004), relative and friend support(r=-.416, p=.001), and F-COPES(r=-.345, p=.048). The multiple regression analysis revealed that the most powerful predictor of file-up family stress was family cost for patients with dementia. The results contribute to the understanding of Korean family caregivers' perceptions of caregiveing. Further researches should be conducted with the consideration of Korean traditional custom that family should take care of the elderly family members.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1999.03a
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• pp.241-248
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• 1999

The existing bridge with deck joint has many problems during construction and maintenance. To overcome these difficulties, an integral bridge, which is defined as the practice of constructing bridges without deck joints, is proposed in this study. A test bridge with 3 spans of PC beam was selected to verify the function of the bridge and is under construction. Characteristics of integral bridge are followings: $\circled1$ Flexible H-piles under the abutment are installed to accommodate thermal movements of the superstructures of bridge. $\circled2$ PC beam of the superstructure and the abutment are integrated. $\circled3$ The existing approach and relief slabs are applied to minimize the stress transfer occurred from the bridge deck to the pavement. $\circled4$ A cyclic control joint is installed between approach and relief slabs to absorb the thermal movement. $\circled5$ It is used a dual direction bearing which is cheaper than single direction bearing and has a good workability as well. It is also installed a shear block on the top of pier coping to protect the lateral movement caused by temperature change and earthquake.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.96-103
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• 1998

This study was conducted to identify the adaptation process of the families with chronically ill patients. A descriptive comparative research design was used to the subjects of forty families that have stroke patients at an oriental medical hospital. Research tools were Demands of Illness Inventory(Woods, Haberman & Packard, 1987), Relative and Friend Support Index(McCubbin, Patterson & Glynn, 1982), Family Coping-Coherence Index (McCubbin, Larsen & Olson, 1982), Family Hardiness Index(McCubbin, McCubbin & Thompson, 1986), and Family Member Wellbeing Scale(McCubbin, McCubbin & Thompson, 1986). Data were collected from October 7, 1998 to November 7, 1998 at an oriental medical hospital located in IkSan city. The number of cases was forty and the data were analyzed by SPSS $PC^+$. Descriptive statistics of frequency, number, mean and standard deviation were used to report the results. The results were as follows ; 1. There was no significant differences between the two groups on the family stress. 2. There was significant differences between the two groups on the family strength (t value = - 3.09, p value=$.004^{**}$). 3. There was significant differences between the two groups on the family adaptation(t value= -2.08, pvalue=$.05^*$).

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.221-227
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• 1998

Although there has been a considerable research in psychoneuroendocrinology, particularly in relation to the biology of mood disorders, there has been a paucity of research regarding the effects of psychological factors on endocrine diseases. Of the existing literature, the most research is focused on diabetes mellitus, graves' disease. Especially diabetes appears to be the only endocrine disease that has been the focus of recent research studies. Most of the studies had retrospective designs or several methodological flaw. There has been no consistent results demonstrating that psychological factors affect the onset of diabetes mellitus. Several studies have suggested that psychological factors affect the course of diabetes. A small number of studies showed some evidence that psychological stress was associated with changes in glucose regulation in a subset of diabetic patients. There was also evidence to suggest that some temperament and coping skill influence glycemic control in child, adolescent diabetics. Studies of behavioral or psychosocial intervention on diabetic control have been small and have produced mixed results. There was a few controlled study suggested that stressful life events might be a causal role in Cushing's disease and Graves'disease, but there is no presently sufficient evidence to suggest that psychological factors affect the onset and the course of Cushing's disease and Graves' disease. In future, there is need for a well-designed biopsychosocial research with prospective designs, well defined patient population and control groups to study the relationship between psychological factors and endocrine diseases.

• 한국항공우주법학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.153-161
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• 2008

What was once known as common courtesy is rapidly disappearing in the air travel industry, and the violent behavior known as air rage is a constant threat. Once sought after by other industries for advice because of its expertise in customer service, the air travel industry has now slipped to the lowest rungs of companies with unhappy customers. As airlines cut corners in order to avoid bankruptcy, passengers' patience is tested by the stress of flight delays, crowded airports and close packed seating on airplanes. This article examines the situation, strategies used by passengers and ways the airline industry might better inspire courteous behavior in passengers. A cultural expectation of entitlement and competitiveness for limited resources has led to a breakdown in civilized behavior throughout society, both in the United States and internationally. Air travelers faced with rude and intrusive behavior from others on the flight are beginning to find their own ways of coping, such as high quality headphones to block offensive noises, and mechanical devices to keep the seat in front from reclining to the point where it hits their knees. The most potentially effective remedies will come from airlines that enlist cooperation by offering effective passenger education and possibly even incentives. Acceptable airline behaviors need to be plainly defined and stressed for passengers, both before boarding and onboard. In this paper, some methods are suggested to motivate passengers and to inspire courteous behavior.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.151-165
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to describe the acknowledgement of the cause of the illness in the patients with RA. I used naturalistic inquiry as a research methodology. The purposive sampling was conducted. 23 subjects who experienced RA, lived in middle-sized city in Korea, and 19 women and 4 men. I collected data using indepth structured interview, "What is the acknowledgement of the cause of the illness?" I used inductive data analysis-such as unitizing and categorizing. This process is used constant comparative method. Summerising the results of this study, the acknowledgement of the cause of the illness are composed of physical constitution, fatalism, the attribution of physical overload, the attribution of stress, the lack of nutrition. The factors which affect the acknowledgement of the cause of the illness are composed of internal factors, external factors, environmental factors. The internal factors are the weakness of the childhood, the illness experience in the family members, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, personality, lack of nutrition. The external factors are pregnancy, delivery, role burden and conflict, economic problem. The environmental factors are humid condition, abrupt environmental change. It is needed to explaine the coping pattern according to the acknowledgement of the cause of the illness in the next research.