• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제13권
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• pp.131-166
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• 1986

This study is designed to review the methods of duplicate copies decision making in the academic library. In this thesis, I surveyed queueing & markov model, statistical model, and simulation model. The contents of the study can be summarized as follows: 1) Queueing and markov model is used for one of duplicate copies decision-making methods. This model was suggested by Leimkuler, Morse, and Chen, etc. Leimkuler proposed growth model, storage model, and availability model through using system analysis method. Queueing theory is a n.0, pplied to Leimkuler's availability model. Morse ad Chen a n.0, pplied queueing and markov model to their theory. They used queueing theory for measuring satisfaction level and Markov model for predicting user demand. 2) Another model of duplicate copies decision-making methods is statistical model. This model is suggested by Grant and Sohn, Jung Pyo. Grant suggested a model with a formula to satisfy the user demand more than 95%, Sohn, Jung Pyo suggested a model with two formulars: one for duplicate copies decision-making by using standard deviation and the other for duplicate copies predicting by using coefficient of variation. 3) Simulation model is used for one of duplicate copies decision-making methods. This model is suggested by Buckland and Arms. Buckland considered both loan period and duplicate copies simultaneously in his simulation model. Arms suggested computer-simulation model as one of duplicate copies decision-making methods. These methods can help improve the efficiency of collection development and solve some problems (space, staff, budget, etc, ) of Korean academic libraries today.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.112-127
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• 1998

지난 5월 20일과 21일에 일본 삿포로시에서 평성(平成)10년도(年度) 사방학회연구발표회(砂防學會硏究發表會)가 개최되어 기획발표 21편과 일반발표 185편의 논문이 발표되었다. 기획발표로는 화산방재(火山防災) 일반(一般) 6편, 지진사방연구회(地震砂防硏究會) 활동보고(活動報告) 6편, 수변지역(水邊地域)의 관리(管理)와 지침(指針) 5편 및 평성(平成)9년도(年度) 토사재해(土砂災害) 4편이 각각 발표되었으며, 일반과제로는 사면안정(斜面安定) 10편, 사면붕괴(斜面崩壞) 10편, 지진(地震) 9편, 환경사방(環境砂防) 41편, 토사유출(土砂流出) 25편, 경계(警械) 피난(避難) 11편, 사방계획(砂防計劃) 10편, 사방사업(砂防事業) 11편, 사방구조물(砂防構造物) 10편, 화산사방(火山砂防) 12편, 녹화(綠化) 4편, 수문(水文) 4편, 눈사태 4편, 땅밀림 4편, 토석류(土石流) 18편 및 유학생(留學生) 2편 등이 발표되었다. 특히 기획발표중 "수변지역(水邊地域)의 관리(管理)와 지침(指針)"에서는 "수변지역(水邊地域)의 구조(構造)와 기능(機能)", "홍수(洪水)와 수변형성(水邊形成)의 상관관계(相關關係)", "토사관리(土砂管理)의 장(場)으로서의 계반지역(溪畔地域)과 유로정비(流路整備) 방법(方法)", "주민참가(住民參加)에 의한 자연림(自然林) 재생(再生) 노력(努力)", "수변완충지역(水邊緩衝地域) 설정(設定)의 제도적(制度的) 사회적(社會的) 과제(課題)" 등 5편이 발표되었다. 이는 우리 나라의 사방분야(砂防分野)에 있어서 앞으로의 산지급류소하천(山地急流小河川)을 친환경적(親環境的)인 방법으로 정비하는 데에 중요한 자료이므로 그 내용을 요약 정리하였다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제38권
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• pp.123-152
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• 2008

It is a basic rule in the credit law that original documents are required unless otherwise stipulated by the credit. Due to modern technology enabling documents to be produced in many ways it may not always to decide whether a document is original or a photocopy. In consideration of modern technology and the advent of new methods of document production, ICC has drawn up the provisions on original documents in Article 22 (b) of UCP 400 for the first time. The equivalent provision in UCP 500 is Article 20 (b). As a result of many queries to ICC Banking Commission on what constitutes an "original" documents under UCP 500 and several court cases in connection with original documents, the ICC Banking Commission has issued Decision on original documents in July 1999. Based on this Decision, the ICC dealt it in Article 17 under UCP 600 which came into force on July 1, 2007. There are some changes, replacements and new provisions of UCP 600 concerning original documents and copies. Importers, exporters, insurance companies, other third parties and, above all, banks should pay attention to some changes and implications of UCP 600 concerning original documents and copies. The purpose of this paper is to examine the provisions on original documents and copies under UCP 600. For this purpose, firstly this study deals with the relative provisions on original documents and copies under pre-UCP 600. Secondly this study considers the provisions on original documents and copies under UCP 600. Thirdly this study compares the provisions under pre-UCP 600 with the provisions under UCP 600. Finally this study analyzes the cases decided both home and abroad in connection with original documents. This paper contribute to help the parties to letters of credit to understand the provisions on original documents and copies under UCP 600.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.336-343
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• 2013

The study analyzed behaviors of users in cafeterias and spatial environmental images as well to understand what factors would affect the users' satisfaction in the cafeterias. The study also looked into how interior space factors would influence the users, what the users actually want from the cafeterias when they use them and lastly, what kinds of behaviors the users would do while in the cafeteria. Through those researches, the study proposed solutions to improve the users' satisfaction in cafeterias. As a field survey research, the study observed actual conditions of cafeterias at a university as conducting spatial environmental analysis to present ways to improve students' satisfaction in cafeterias at their university. In order to achieve the research goal, the study carried out a literature analysis and a survey and visited the cafeterias to understand both actual conditions and environments of cafeterias at a university. The study also had in-depth interviews with the students. The subject of the study was those college students who have been using four cafeterias at three campuses of D university. Data was collected via surveys, observations and interviews. With the students as the research subject, the study investigated and analyzed current status of the students' using of the cafeterias, actual utilization, spatial factors and satisfaction factors. The study was mainly developed with a survey conducted and by distributing basically 200 copies of the survey each to the campuses, the study gave out 200 copies each to Suseong Campus in Daegu and Oseong Campus in Gyeongsan but 400 copies at a time to Samsung Campus in Gyeongsan because it was the main campus and had two cafeterias. To sum up, each department was instructed to answer 20~40 copies of the survey in the end. Out of 800 copies in total, 188 copies from Oseong Campus, 153 copies from Suseong Campus and 386 copies from Samsung Campus which would add up to 727 were observed to be faithful enough to be used as statistics for the study.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.655-668
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• 2011

Although consumer ethical behavior related with illegal copies of digital software has been considered to be an important issue, not many studies have attempted to examine the issue. Firstly, this study attemped to explain the moral judgment and intention to make illegal copies of smart phone applications for college students. Secondly, psychological factors such as moral intensity and perceived risk related to making illegal copies were tested to be significantly different in individual characteristics such as experience of ethical education and past experience of making illegal copies of software, sex, age and household income. Thirdly, the effect of related factors such as psychological factors and individual characteristics was estimated to significantly influence moral judgment and intention to make illegal copies. Two step method(using LIMDEP program) was applied to estimate the model as a structural equation model. According to the results of this study, magnitude of consequences, financial risk and performance risk were found to be significantly different in income groups(less than middle class vs more than middle class). Prosecution risk was found to be significantly different in gender groups(female vs male). In addition, social consensus, financial risk, performance risk and prosecution risk were found to be significantly different in ethical education groups(experience vs no experience). Furthermore, moral judgment for making illegal copies of smart phone applications was found to be significantly influenced by income, ethical education, magnitude of consequences, temporal immediacy and social consensus. And intention to make illegal copies of smart phone applications was found to be significantly influenced by moral judgment, age, financial risk, performance risk and prosecution risk.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.38-42
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• 2014

The principle of materialized world is the same as of human life. The human life is governed by the human mind composed of the copies of the materialized world. The stress is due to the human mind inside. The creativity is prevented by the copies in the human mind. The convergence is not easy due to the individual copy world which is different from each other. By subtraction of the copies inside the human, the creativity and convergence can be fulfilled. Syllabus of the lecture at KAIST is introduced. Students taking the lecture express the non-materialized world of human mind clearly after the subtraction the copies inside. The students who recognize the stress inside specifically can be free from the stress by discarding the copies inside.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.154-169
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• 2006

This study examined the effects of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) upon perception of service quality as well as evaluation of customers. 300 copies of questionnaires were distributed to the employees as well as the customers respectively, and 276 copies and 282 copies were collected from each group. There remained 265 copies each to investigate after excluding each 11 and 17 copies of noneffective questionnaires. As a result, the effects of organizational citizenship behavior upon service quality such as altruistic behavior, citizens' consciousness and sportsmanship, etc had significant influence upon the customers' perception of service quality.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.144-151
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• 2014

Increasing the gene copy number has been commonly used to enhance the protein expression level in the yeast Pichia pastoris. However, this method has been shown to be effective up to a certain gene copy number, and a further increase of gene dosage can result in a decrease of expression level. Evidences indicate the gene dosage effect is product-dependent, which needs to be determined when expressing a new protein. Here, we describe a direct detection of the gene dosage effect on protein secretion through expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene under the direction of the ${\alpha}$-factor preprosequence in a panel of yeast clones carrying increasing copies of the EGFP gene (from one to six copies). Directly examined under fluorescence microscopy, we found relatively lower levels of EGFP were secreted into the culture medium at one copy and two copies, substantial improvement of secretion appeared at three copies, plateau happened at four and five copies, and an apparent decrease of secretion happened at six copies. The secretion of EGFP being limiting at four and five copies was due to abundant intracellular accumulation of proteins, observed from the fluorescence image of yeast and confirmed by western blotting, which significantly activated the unfolded protein response indicated by the up-regulation of the BiP (the KAR2 gene product) and the protein disulfide isomerase. This study implies that tagging a reporter like GFP to a specific protein would facilitate a direct and rapid determination of the optimal gene copy number for high-yield expression.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.1140-1147
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• 2015

The purpose of this research is to analyze the factor of tourism storytelling through literature review, to figure out the relations of tourism storytelling-tourism satisfaction and tourism satisfaction -behavior intention. The total number of the questionnaire copies handed out was 440, and the 384 copies of them (the 184copies from Chinese tourists, and 200copies from Korean tourists) were used for the analysis. The results were as follows. First, it was found that the factor of tourism storytelling has influence on tourism satisfaction. Second, it was also found that the tourism satisfaction has influence on behavioral intention as well. And based on the above results, the research has figured out what factors of tourism storytelling mostly affect tourism satisfaction. By comparing Chinese and Korean tourist, and ultimately, suggested the best way to utilize this storytelling idea in a tourist area.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.285-295
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• 2006

As more generic drugs become available, the quality, safety, and efficacy of generic drugs have become a public concern. Specifically, drug interchangeability among generic copies of the same brand-name drug is a safety concern. This research proposes a Bayesian method for assessing bioequivalence between two generic copies of the same brand-name drug from two independent $2{\times}2$ crossover design experiments. Uninformative priors are considered for general use and the posterior distribution of the difference of two generic drug effects is derived from which the highest probability density interval can be evaluated. Examples are presented for illustration.