• Title/Summary/Keyword: cooking time

검색결과 796건 처리시간 0.022초

병원 급식시설의 미생물적 품질관리를 위한 위험요인 분석에 관한 연구 (Applying HACCP for Microbiological Quality Control in Hospital Foodservice Operations)

  • 곽동경;주세영;이송미
    • 한국식품조리과학회지
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.123-135
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    • 1992
  • Time and temperature conditions, and microbiological qualities of six categories of menu items were assessed according to the process of food product Row in a 500 bed general hospital. The Harzard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) system was applied to determine harzards, to assess their severity and risks, and to identity CCPs and memos for monitoring mem. The Critical Control Points identified for each category of menu items were: Meat Soup (Kyung Sang Do Gogi Guk): Pre-preparation, holding after pre-preration, and holding after cooking; Pot Stewed Stuffed Cabbage (Soe Yangbaechu Mali Chim): pre-preparation, holding after Pre-preparation, stuffing, cooking and holding after cooking; Boned Pork Sour Salad (Doeji Suyuk Muchim): Pre-preparation, holding after pre-preparation, and post-preparation after cooking; Sauteed Pork Ball (Jeyuk Wanja Jon): pre-preparation, holding after pre-preparation, shaping, and holding after cooking; Stir-fried Fragrant Mushroom (Pyogo Bosot Bokkum): basic ingredients, Pre-preparation, holding after pre-preparation, and holding after cooking; and Fried Corn with Vegetables (Oksusu Yachae Tuigim): pre-preparation, holding after pre-preparation, mixing, and holding after cooking.

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남녀대학생들의 한국전통음식에 대한 지식 및 평가에 관한 연구 - II. 평가 및 개선방향에 대한 의견을 중심으로 - (A Study on University Student's Knowledge and Opinion of the Korean Traditional Foods - II. The evaluation and option for improvement on the Korean traditional foods -)

  • 이경애
    • 대한가정학회지
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    • 제31권4호
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    • pp.183-191
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    • 1993
  • This study was investigated the personal rating reason for preference, and opinion for improvement on the Korean traditional foods. Questionnaire were answered by male and female university students at 8 universities in Seoul and the results are summarized as follows. 1) General trend of subjects showed preference for traditional food in order of nutrition, appearance, taste, economics, and cooking method. While the value of food itself such as nutrition, appearance, taste was rated high, practical side such as economics, and cooking method was not so agreed. Especially female students set as lower value on cooking method. 2) As a reason for rating it low, male and female students answered without distinction that traditional food are laborious and much time is needed for cooking. 3) For the idea of improving traditional food, all students had same opinion that standardized cooking method should be developed for convenient use at home, and secondly, special salestore of traditional food should be promoted. Particularly more male students had the opinion that traditional cooking method should be succeeded to at home than female students. Summarizing some significant findings from the analysis of data, all students prefer traditional food itself relatiovely. But generally they rate it low because traditional food is difficult to cook and there are not so many chances of eating. Therefore, it is regarded that standardized cooking method and promoted special salestore for more chance of eating will activated the interest of young generation, and hence contribute to succession of tradition.

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일제강점기 라디오 요리프로그램의 특성과 내용 (A Study on Radio Cooking Program in Korea during the Japanese Colonial Period)

  • 이규진
    • 한국식생활문화학회지
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    • 제32권6호
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    • pp.487-497
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    • 2017
  • This study was conducted to examine the 2nd broadcasting cooking program of Gyeongseong Radio from April 26th 1933, when the 2nd broadcasting for Koreans started, to December 1941. From its opening date, there were continuously regular cooking programs such as 'Recipes' and introducing 'Japchae'. Analysis of names broadcasted in cooking programs included a total of 452 foods (328 types); specifically, 332 Korean foods, 71 Western foods, 24 Japanese foods, 18 Chinese foods, and seven other foods. Korean foods included 35 staple foods, 223 side dishes, 64 deserts, and 11 sauces. Western foods included seven soups, 25 main dishes, and 25 deserts. Main dishes included many deep-fried dishes, while diverse types of desserts were also introduced. In the case of Japanese food, there were many foods combined with Western food. Chinese food included many types of dumplings and fried rice, as well as many dishes using pork. Among people broadcasting cooking programs, there were 11 whose names were shown in the schedule, all of whom were recognized as the best cooking specialists and educators of the time.

폐식용유 기반 도포제의 도포시기에 따른 혼화재 다량치환 콘크리트의 탄산화 및 염해저항성에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Spreading Time of Waste Cooking Oil on Carbonation and Resistance to Chloride Penetration of High Volume Mineral Admixture Concrete)

  • 김상섭;박준희;정상운;이명호;한민철;한천구
    • 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국건축시공학회 2014년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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    • pp.133-134
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    • 2014
  • As a previous research, improved durability of concrete by filling capillary pores with waste cooking oil was suggested as a method of controlling carbonation of the concrete replaced high volume of SCMs. on the other hand, the emulsified refined waste cooking oil for better mixing performance had a drawback of reducing air content related with decreasing freeze-thawing resistance. As a solution of this problem, surface applying method was suggested instead of adding in mixing process, and in this research, the performance regarding concrete durability are evaluated comparing emulsified refined cooking oil with water-repelling agent.

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Color Characteristics of Soybeans as Influenced by Freezing and Cooking Conditions

  • Lee, Jun-Ho;Seog, Eun-Ju;Park, Yong-Hee
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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    • 제3권2호
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    • pp.105-110
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    • 1998
  • Color characteristic of thawed samples of frozen cooked soybean pree of selected cultivar (Gomultong) depending upon cooking temperature an dtime as well as freezing conditions were evaluated . Samples were either cooled in 4$^{\circ}C$ refrigerator (control), or frozen at - 4$0^{\circ}C$ deep freezer for 12 hrs and then stored in 4 $^{\circ}C$ refrigerator , or immersed in liquid nitrogen (LN2) and then each samples were cooked for 5, 10, 20 and 40 min at 65, 80 and 95$^{\circ}C$, respectively. Freezing effect was not significant for all color characteristics except for b. Significant cooking temperature by cooking time interacts were found for all characteristics excepts for L.

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돈육(豚肉)의 가열처리중(加熱處理中) 아질산염(亞窒酸鹽)이 지질산화(脂質酸化)에 미치는 영향(影響)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (A Study on the Effects of Sodium Nitrite on Lipid Oxidation of Pork during Cooking)

  • 정홍균;김재욱
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제29권2호
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    • pp.148-158
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    • 1986
  • 돈육 등심의 각 가열처리조건에 따른 아질산염이 중량감소, pH, 발색율, 색도 및 지 지질산화에 미치는 영향을 연구한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 고온에서 가열처리하든가 미세하게 간 돈육 시료는 중량감소가 컸으나 아질산염을 처리한 시료의 중량감소는 적었고 가열처리함에 따라 pH가 떨어졌는데 아질산염을 처리한 시료의 pH저하가 억제되었다. 아질산염을 처리함에 따라 발색율, lightness, redness, 및 Chroma값이 높아져서 변색이 억제되었고 가열처리를 하면 전반적으로 malonaldehyde의 함량이 높아졌으나 고온장시간의 가열처리에서는 시료의 malonaldehyde의 함량이 오히려 감소되었다. 또한 아질산염을 처리하면 과산화물 및 malonaldehyde의 함량이 줄어들어 산화방지에 효과를 나타냈는데 가열처리 온도가 높아지고 시간이 길수 그 효과는 적었다. 돈육을 가열처리하면 각 지질성분의 함량은 대체로 낮아졌는데 인지질성분은 주로 phosphatidyl choline과 phosphatidyl ethanolamine이었으며 이들의 생성은 가열처리를 함에 따라 감소되었다. 총지질을 구성하는 주요 지방산은 oleic acid와 palmitic acid였으며 인지질을 구성하는 주요지방산은 linoleic acid와 palmitic acid였고 인지질은 필수지방산 및 이중결합이 2개 이상인 불포화지방산의 조성이 높았는데 이들 지방산은 가열처리함에 따라 그 조성이 감소되었으며 아질산염을 처리하면 총지질 및 인지질을 구성하는 이중결합이 2개 이상인 불포화지방산의 산화가 억제되었다.

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식재료 아웃소싱이 경제적 주방에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 - 특1급호텔 양식조리를 중심으로 - (Study on economic effects of outsourcing of food materials on the hotel kitchen - Focus on cooking Western food in the first class hotel -)

  • 성태종
    • 한국관광식음료학회지:관광식음료경영연구
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.45-69
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    • 2002
  • This study is designed to examine feasibility and limitation of outsourcing in cooking Western food in a hotel, to interpret importance of outsourcing(eg. outside order, outside procurement, outside supply) in a broad sense in order to reinforce the core capacity in the cooking department, and to know whether the cooking human power is efficiently used and how much the chefs recognize outsourcing of food materials. As many companies conduct restructuring to cut down its size, the reduction of human power led the Western food cooking in the hotel to lower core capacities, lower quality, and lower efficiency. In addition, the sagging morale of chefs undermined creativity. To change from the traditional kitchen to an economic kitchen needs to look into importance of outsourcing, cognitive attitude of chefs, relation with outside suppliers. Here suggests performance of positive changes in the structure The study examined feasibility and limitation of outsourcing in the hotel kitchen as well as chefs' cognitive attitude toward outsourcing of food materials to reinforce core capabilities of the hotel kitchen. 1. Companies of outsourcing are selected according to variability of price conditions, flexibility of contract conditions, popularity of the outsourcing company, and reputation of the outsourcing company. 2. The importance of outsourcing in the Western food cooking is divided into 4 factors such as standard of selecting outsourcing companies, policies of cooking manu, quality of cooking, and quantity of cooking. 3. The most feasible section in outsourcing of food materials is a process of kneading flour for bread, which shows that many Western-food chefs expect to put higher possibility of outsourcing on the kneading. In other words, when it comes to confectionery and bakery, there are many outside expert processing companies supplying high quality products. In the order of outsourcing feasibility, sauce is followed by processed vegetable, garnish of main dish, and soup. The least feasible section in outsourcing of food materials is appetize. Appetize includes a concept of a improvised dish and needs speed. Due to its color, freshness, and sensibility of taste, the appetize plays a key role in the Western food cooking. 4. When outsourcing is taken in place, the highest risk is to lower the inner cooking skills. Therefore chefs in charge of the Western food sequently recognize both internal problems including storage of cooking skills, unstability of layoffs, and loss of cooperation between departments, and external problems including inferior goods, difficulty of differentiating manu, delay of delivery, and expiration date. It shows that most of the Western food chefs consider risks of the internal problems at first. 5. A effective outsourcing needs appropriate selection of outsourcing companies, maintenance of credibility, active communication, check and management of hygiene. However regardless of their position or career, chefs in charge of the Western food have the same cognitive attitude toward selecting successful outsourcing companies after the outsourcing system is enforced. The core of cooking, or a final stage in the full process of so-called artistic cooking, should be treated with insourcing. Reduction of several cooking processes resulted in shortened cooking time, increased efficiency, faster cooking, cutting the waiting-lines, and finally more room for customers. The outsourcing system can reduce or eliminate the following processes in cooking: buying various food materials, checking, storing, preparing, and processing. Especially in the Western food cooking department of a hotel, the outsourcing system should be enforced to make an economic kitchen and to efficiently manage it. Wow it's time to change from the traditional kitchen to an economic kitchen in the hotel cooking department. For that, the cooking department should become a small but strong organization by outsourcing except its core work.

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조리조건이 연계백숙의 성분과 관능적 품질에 미치는 영향 (Study on Rheological Characterization and Chemical Composition by Cooking Method of Yeongebacksuk (Korean traditional cooked chicken))

  • 장영수;이효지
    • 한국식품조리과학회지
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    • 제4권2호
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    • pp.31-38
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    • 1988
  • 연계백숙의 기본 recipe를 선정하고 조리조건을 달리했을 때 근육과 국물에 대한 성분과 관능적 품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 관능검사, 기계적 검사, 성분분석을 한 결과를 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 1. 기본 recipe 선정재래식 방법인 남비조리는 닭 700 g. 찹쌀 100 g, 마늘 30 g, 물 2000 cc에 시간은 60분이고, 압력솥 조리는 닭 700 g, 찹쌀 100 g, 마늘 30 g, 물 2000 cc에 시간은 30분이고, 전자렌지 조리는 닭 700 g, 찹쌀 100 g, 마늘 30 g, 물 2000 cc에 시간은 30분이었다. 2. 관능검사 \circled1 국물의 색상은 세가지 조리법으로 조리한 연계백숙간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. \circled2 탁도는 남비조리, 전자렌지조리, 압력솥조리의 순으로 맑았으며, 남비조리는 압력솥조리와 전자렌지 조리와 유의적인 차이가 있었다(p< 0.05). \circled3 점도는 세가지 조리조건간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. \circled4 입속의 감촉과 맛은 남비조리가 가장 좋았으며 압력솥조리와 전자렌지조리는 별 차이 가 없었다. \circled5 건데기는 세가지 조리 조건간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 3. 기계적 검사 \circled1 Rheometer로 측정한 건데기의 절단력시험은 세가지 조건에서 모두 다리살이 가슴살보다 질겼다. 질긴정도는 전자렌지조리, 남비조리, 압력솥조리의 순이었다. \circled2 밥알의 점도는 남비조리, 압력솥조리, 전자렌지조리의 순으로 낮았다. \circled3 Spectrophotometer로 측정한 국물의 탁도는 남비조리, 압력솥조리, 전자렌지조리의 순으로 탁했다. 4. 일반성분 \circled1단백질은 근육이 20.30~24.67%, 국물은 0.29~0.72%였다. \circled2지방은 근육이 27.29~47.15%, 국물은 37~68.38%였다. \circled3 Ca은 근육이 0.53-0.97mg, 국물은 0.34-0.69mg이었다. \circled4 P은 근육이 2.75~3.6mg, 국물은 1.15~6.3mg이었다. \circled5 Fe은 근육이 1.17-1.39mg, 국물은 0.96mg이었다.

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서울시 백화점 내 조리지역과 비조리지역의 입자상 물질 (Ultrafine Particles, PM2.5, PM10) 노출 (Exposures to Ultrafine Particles, PM2.5 and PM10 in Cooking and Non-Cooking Areas of Department Stores in Seoul)

  • 조혜리;구슬기;김정훈;김샛별;이기영
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제39권2호
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    • pp.144-150
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    • 2013
  • Objectives: Cooking activity in indoor environments can generate particulate matter. The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of ultrafine particles (UFP), $PM_{2.5}$, and $PM_{10}$ in cooking and non-cooking areas of major department stores in Seoul. Methods: Eighteen department stores in Seoul, Korea were measured for concentrations of particulate matter. Using real-time monitors, concentrations of UFP, $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{10}$ were simultaneously measured in cooking and non-cooking areas on the floor with a food court and a non-cooking floor. Results: The concentrations of UFP, $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{10}$ were significantly higher in cooking areas than in noncooking areas and non-cooking floors (p<0.05). UFP and $PM_{2.5}$ were significantly correlated in cooking areas and non-cooking areas but not in non-cooking floors. $PM_{2.5}$ were consisted of approximately 81% in $PM_{10}$ and highly correlated with $PM_{10}$ in all places. Conclusion: A higher correlation between UFP and $PM_{2.5}$ was shown on cooking floor than on non-cooking floor in department stores. High levels of fine particles were caused by cooking activities at food courts. The further management of PM is needed to improve the indoor PM levels at food courts in department stores.

Effects of Time-Dependent High Pressure Treatment on Physico-chemical Properties of Pork

  • Hong, Geun-Pyo;Park, Sung-Hee;Kim, Jee-Yeon;Lee, Si-Kyung;Min, Sang-Gi
    • Food Science and Biotechnology
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    • 제14권6호
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    • pp.808-812
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    • 2005
  • The effects of high pressure processing, pressure level (50, 100, 150, and 200 MPa) and pressurized time (0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min) on the physico-chemical properties of pork M. longissimus dorsi were evaluated. The pH value was affected by both pressure level and pressurized time, especially at 200 MPa (P<0.05). In color measurement, $L^*$ and $a^*$-values were increased by both pressure level and pressurized time, but $b^*$-value did not differ significantly (P>0.05). Water holding capacity (WHC) was significantly decreased (P<0.05) depending on pressure level and pressurized time, while cooking loss was gradually increased. Warner-Bratzler shear force did not differ significantly (P>0.05) among the treatments. These results indicate that high pressure processing below 200 MPa for 1 hr had no effect on the quality of cooked meat, although some alterations were observed before cooking.