• Title/Summary/Keyword: cooking time

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Applying HACCP for Microbiological Quality Control in Hospital Foodservice Operations (병원 급식시설의 미생물적 품질관리를 위한 위험요인 분석에 관한 연구)

  • Kwak, Dong-Kyung;Joo, Se-Young;Lee, Song-Mee
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.123-135
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    • 1992
  • Time and temperature conditions, and microbiological qualities of six categories of menu items were assessed according to the process of food product Row in a 500 bed general hospital. The Harzard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) system was applied to determine harzards, to assess their severity and risks, and to identity CCPs and memos for monitoring mem. The Critical Control Points identified for each category of menu items were: Meat Soup (Kyung Sang Do Gogi Guk): Pre-preparation, holding after pre-preration, and holding after cooking; Pot Stewed Stuffed Cabbage (Soe Yangbaechu Mali Chim): pre-preparation, holding after Pre-preparation, stuffing, cooking and holding after cooking; Boned Pork Sour Salad (Doeji Suyuk Muchim): Pre-preparation, holding after pre-preparation, and post-preparation after cooking; Sauteed Pork Ball (Jeyuk Wanja Jon): pre-preparation, holding after pre-preparation, shaping, and holding after cooking; Stir-fried Fragrant Mushroom (Pyogo Bosot Bokkum): basic ingredients, Pre-preparation, holding after pre-preparation, and holding after cooking; and Fried Corn with Vegetables (Oksusu Yachae Tuigim): pre-preparation, holding after pre-preparation, mixing, and holding after cooking.

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A Study on University Student's Knowledge and Opinion of the Korean Traditional Foods - II. The evaluation and option for improvement on the Korean traditional foods - (남녀대학생들의 한국전통음식에 대한 지식 및 평가에 관한 연구 - II. 평가 및 개선방향에 대한 의견을 중심으로 -)

  • 이경애
    • Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.183-191
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    • 1993
  • This study was investigated the personal rating reason for preference, and opinion for improvement on the Korean traditional foods. Questionnaire were answered by male and female university students at 8 universities in Seoul and the results are summarized as follows. 1) General trend of subjects showed preference for traditional food in order of nutrition, appearance, taste, economics, and cooking method. While the value of food itself such as nutrition, appearance, taste was rated high, practical side such as economics, and cooking method was not so agreed. Especially female students set as lower value on cooking method. 2) As a reason for rating it low, male and female students answered without distinction that traditional food are laborious and much time is needed for cooking. 3) For the idea of improving traditional food, all students had same opinion that standardized cooking method should be developed for convenient use at home, and secondly, special salestore of traditional food should be promoted. Particularly more male students had the opinion that traditional cooking method should be succeeded to at home than female students. Summarizing some significant findings from the analysis of data, all students prefer traditional food itself relatiovely. But generally they rate it low because traditional food is difficult to cook and there are not so many chances of eating. Therefore, it is regarded that standardized cooking method and promoted special salestore for more chance of eating will activated the interest of young generation, and hence contribute to succession of tradition.

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A Study on Radio Cooking Program in Korea during the Japanese Colonial Period (일제강점기 라디오 요리프로그램의 특성과 내용)

  • Lee, Kyou-Jin
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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    • v.32 no.6
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    • pp.487-497
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    • 2017
  • This study was conducted to examine the 2nd broadcasting cooking program of Gyeongseong Radio from April 26th 1933, when the 2nd broadcasting for Koreans started, to December 1941. From its opening date, there were continuously regular cooking programs such as 'Recipes' and introducing 'Japchae'. Analysis of names broadcasted in cooking programs included a total of 452 foods (328 types); specifically, 332 Korean foods, 71 Western foods, 24 Japanese foods, 18 Chinese foods, and seven other foods. Korean foods included 35 staple foods, 223 side dishes, 64 deserts, and 11 sauces. Western foods included seven soups, 25 main dishes, and 25 deserts. Main dishes included many deep-fried dishes, while diverse types of desserts were also introduced. In the case of Japanese food, there were many foods combined with Western food. Chinese food included many types of dumplings and fried rice, as well as many dishes using pork. Among people broadcasting cooking programs, there were 11 whose names were shown in the schedule, all of whom were recognized as the best cooking specialists and educators of the time.

Effect of Spreading Time of Waste Cooking Oil on Carbonation and Resistance to Chloride Penetration of High Volume Mineral Admixture Concrete (폐식용유 기반 도포제의 도포시기에 따른 혼화재 다량치환 콘크리트의 탄산화 및 염해저항성에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Sang-Sup;Park, Jun-Hee;Jung, Sang-Un;Lee, Myung-Ho;Han, Min Cheol;Han, Cheon Goo
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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    • 2014.11a
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    • pp.133-134
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    • 2014
  • As a previous research, improved durability of concrete by filling capillary pores with waste cooking oil was suggested as a method of controlling carbonation of the concrete replaced high volume of SCMs. on the other hand, the emulsified refined waste cooking oil for better mixing performance had a drawback of reducing air content related with decreasing freeze-thawing resistance. As a solution of this problem, surface applying method was suggested instead of adding in mixing process, and in this research, the performance regarding concrete durability are evaluated comparing emulsified refined cooking oil with water-repelling agent.

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Color Characteristics of Soybeans as Influenced by Freezing and Cooking Conditions

  • Lee, Jun-Ho;Seog, Eun-Ju;Park, Yong-Hee
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.105-110
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    • 1998
  • Color characteristic of thawed samples of frozen cooked soybean pree of selected cultivar (Gomultong) depending upon cooking temperature an dtime as well as freezing conditions were evaluated . Samples were either cooled in 4$^{\circ}C$ refrigerator (control), or frozen at - 4$0^{\circ}C$ deep freezer for 12 hrs and then stored in 4 $^{\circ}C$ refrigerator , or immersed in liquid nitrogen (LN2) and then each samples were cooked for 5, 10, 20 and 40 min at 65, 80 and 95$^{\circ}C$, respectively. Freezing effect was not significant for all color characteristics except for b. Significant cooking temperature by cooking time interacts were found for all characteristics excepts for L.

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A Study on the Effects of Sodium Nitrite on Lipid Oxidation of Pork during Cooking (돈육(豚肉)의 가열처리중(加熱處理中) 아질산염(亞窒酸鹽)이 지질산화(脂質酸化)에 미치는 영향(影響)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Jeong, Hong-Gyun;Kim, Ze-Uook
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.148-158
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    • 1986
  • The effects of sodium nitrite on weight loss, pH, color development, color and lipid oxidation for the cooking of longissimus pork muscle were studied. Higher cooking temperature and grinding of sample increased the extent of weight loss, but sodium nitrite lowered it. Cooking decreased pH and sodium nitrite lowered the level of decrease in pH. Sodium nitrite developed color and controlled discoloration with higher lightness. The content of malonaldehyde was generally accelerated by cooking, but was considerably reduced at higher cooking temperature and for longer cooking time. Sodium nitrite acted as an antioxidant but the antioxidant effect decreased with increasing cooking temperature and time. Cooking reduced the extent of each lipid on the whole. Phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine were the major phospholipids of pork, and their contents decreased during cooking. The major fatty acids in total lipids were oleic acid and palmitic acid. Those in phospholipids were linoleic acid ana palmitic acid. The high level of polyunsaturated fatty acids and essential fatty acids in phospholipids decreased during cooking. Sodium nitrite had an antioxidant effect on polyunsaturated fatty acids in both total lipids ana phospholipids.

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Study on economic effects of outsourcing of food materials on the hotel kitchen - Focus on cooking Western food in the first class hotel - (식재료 아웃소싱이 경제적 주방에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 - 특1급호텔 양식조리를 중심으로 -)

  • 성태종
    • Journal of Applied Tourism Food and Beverage Management and Research
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.45-69
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    • 2002
  • This study is designed to examine feasibility and limitation of outsourcing in cooking Western food in a hotel, to interpret importance of outsourcing(eg. outside order, outside procurement, outside supply) in a broad sense in order to reinforce the core capacity in the cooking department, and to know whether the cooking human power is efficiently used and how much the chefs recognize outsourcing of food materials. As many companies conduct restructuring to cut down its size, the reduction of human power led the Western food cooking in the hotel to lower core capacities, lower quality, and lower efficiency. In addition, the sagging morale of chefs undermined creativity. To change from the traditional kitchen to an economic kitchen needs to look into importance of outsourcing, cognitive attitude of chefs, relation with outside suppliers. Here suggests performance of positive changes in the structure The study examined feasibility and limitation of outsourcing in the hotel kitchen as well as chefs' cognitive attitude toward outsourcing of food materials to reinforce core capabilities of the hotel kitchen. 1. Companies of outsourcing are selected according to variability of price conditions, flexibility of contract conditions, popularity of the outsourcing company, and reputation of the outsourcing company. 2. The importance of outsourcing in the Western food cooking is divided into 4 factors such as standard of selecting outsourcing companies, policies of cooking manu, quality of cooking, and quantity of cooking. 3. The most feasible section in outsourcing of food materials is a process of kneading flour for bread, which shows that many Western-food chefs expect to put higher possibility of outsourcing on the kneading. In other words, when it comes to confectionery and bakery, there are many outside expert processing companies supplying high quality products. In the order of outsourcing feasibility, sauce is followed by processed vegetable, garnish of main dish, and soup. The least feasible section in outsourcing of food materials is appetize. Appetize includes a concept of a improvised dish and needs speed. Due to its color, freshness, and sensibility of taste, the appetize plays a key role in the Western food cooking. 4. When outsourcing is taken in place, the highest risk is to lower the inner cooking skills. Therefore chefs in charge of the Western food sequently recognize both internal problems including storage of cooking skills, unstability of layoffs, and loss of cooperation between departments, and external problems including inferior goods, difficulty of differentiating manu, delay of delivery, and expiration date. It shows that most of the Western food chefs consider risks of the internal problems at first. 5. A effective outsourcing needs appropriate selection of outsourcing companies, maintenance of credibility, active communication, check and management of hygiene. However regardless of their position or career, chefs in charge of the Western food have the same cognitive attitude toward selecting successful outsourcing companies after the outsourcing system is enforced. The core of cooking, or a final stage in the full process of so-called artistic cooking, should be treated with insourcing. Reduction of several cooking processes resulted in shortened cooking time, increased efficiency, faster cooking, cutting the waiting-lines, and finally more room for customers. The outsourcing system can reduce or eliminate the following processes in cooking: buying various food materials, checking, storing, preparing, and processing. Especially in the Western food cooking department of a hotel, the outsourcing system should be enforced to make an economic kitchen and to efficiently manage it. Wow it's time to change from the traditional kitchen to an economic kitchen in the hotel cooking department. For that, the cooking department should become a small but strong organization by outsourcing except its core work.

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Study on Rheological Characterization and Chemical Composition by Cooking Method of Yeongebacksuk (Korean traditional cooked chicken) (조리조건이 연계백숙의 성분과 관능적 품질에 미치는 영향)

  • 장영수;이효지
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.31-38
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    • 1988
  • The chicken cooked by three different methods were put and sensory evaluation, mechanical and chemical composition test. The results were as following : 1. Standard recipe were as followig : \circled1 Kettle cooking was chicken 700 g, waxyrice 100 g, garlic 30 g, water 2000 cc, time 60 min. \circled3 Pressure cooking was chicken 700 g, waxyrice 100 g, garlic 30 g, water 2000 cc, time 30 min. \circled3 Microwave cooking was chicken 700g, waxyrice 100 g, garlic 30 g, water 1000 cc, time 30 min. 2. Sensory evaluation \circled1 There were no typical difference of the color of soupstock with in the three cooking methods. \circled2 The turbidity of soupstock was from Kettle cooking, microwave cooking and pressure cooking in turn. \circled3 There were no typical difference of the viscosity of soupstock with in the three cooking methods. \circled4 The kettle cooking was the best of mouthfeel and taste. \circled5 There were no typical difference of muscle, with in the three cooking methods. 3. Mechanical Test \circled1 The result of the cutting force of muscle which measured by rheomether were the leg muscle was more tough than breast muscle. \circled2 The viscosity of boiled rice was from kettle cooking, pressure cjooking and microwave cooking in turn. \circled3 The result of the turbidity of soupstock which measured by spectrophotmeter was from kettle cooking, pressure cooking and microwave cooking in turn. 4. Proximate chemical composition \circled1 Protein of muscle was 20.30-25.67%, Soupstock was 0.29-0.72% \circled2 Fat of muscle was 27.29-47.15% , Soupstock was 37-68.38%. \circled3 Potasium of muscle was 2.75-3.6 mg, Soupstock was 1.15-6.3 mg. \circled4 Iron of muscle was 1.17-1.39 mg, Soupstock was 0.96 mg.

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Exposures to Ultrafine Particles, PM2.5 and PM10 in Cooking and Non-Cooking Areas of Department Stores in Seoul (서울시 백화점 내 조리지역과 비조리지역의 입자상 물질 (Ultrafine Particles, PM2.5, PM10) 노출)

  • Cho, Hyeri;Gu, Seulgi;Kim, Jeonghoon;Kim, Satbyul;Lee, Kiyoung
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.39 no.2
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    • pp.144-150
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    • 2013
  • Objectives: Cooking activity in indoor environments can generate particulate matter. The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of ultrafine particles (UFP), $PM_{2.5}$, and $PM_{10}$ in cooking and non-cooking areas of major department stores in Seoul. Methods: Eighteen department stores in Seoul, Korea were measured for concentrations of particulate matter. Using real-time monitors, concentrations of UFP, $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{10}$ were simultaneously measured in cooking and non-cooking areas on the floor with a food court and a non-cooking floor. Results: The concentrations of UFP, $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{10}$ were significantly higher in cooking areas than in noncooking areas and non-cooking floors (p<0.05). UFP and $PM_{2.5}$ were significantly correlated in cooking areas and non-cooking areas but not in non-cooking floors. $PM_{2.5}$ were consisted of approximately 81% in $PM_{10}$ and highly correlated with $PM_{10}$ in all places. Conclusion: A higher correlation between UFP and $PM_{2.5}$ was shown on cooking floor than on non-cooking floor in department stores. High levels of fine particles were caused by cooking activities at food courts. The further management of PM is needed to improve the indoor PM levels at food courts in department stores.

Effects of Time-Dependent High Pressure Treatment on Physico-chemical Properties of Pork

  • Hong, Geun-Pyo;Park, Sung-Hee;Kim, Jee-Yeon;Lee, Si-Kyung;Min, Sang-Gi
    • Food Science and Biotechnology
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    • v.14 no.6
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    • pp.808-812
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    • 2005
  • The effects of high pressure processing, pressure level (50, 100, 150, and 200 MPa) and pressurized time (0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min) on the physico-chemical properties of pork M. longissimus dorsi were evaluated. The pH value was affected by both pressure level and pressurized time, especially at 200 MPa (P<0.05). In color measurement, $L^*$ and $a^*$-values were increased by both pressure level and pressurized time, but $b^*$-value did not differ significantly (P>0.05). Water holding capacity (WHC) was significantly decreased (P<0.05) depending on pressure level and pressurized time, while cooking loss was gradually increased. Warner-Bratzler shear force did not differ significantly (P>0.05) among the treatments. These results indicate that high pressure processing below 200 MPa for 1 hr had no effect on the quality of cooked meat, although some alterations were observed before cooking.