• 제목/요약/키워드: conversion coating

검색결과 214건 처리시간 0.026초

Multicrystalline Silicon Texturing for Large Area CommercialSolar Cell of Low Cost and High Efficiency

  • Dhungel, S.K.;Karunagaran, B.;Kim, Kyung-Hae;Yoo, Jin-Su;SunWoo, H.;Manna, U.;Gangopadhyay, U.;Basu, P.K.;Mangalaraj, D;Yi, J.
    • 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국전기전자재료학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.17
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    • pp.280-284
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    • 2004
  • Multicrystalline silicon wafers were textured in an alkaline bath, basically using sodium hydroxide and in acidic bath, using mainly hydrofluoric acid (HF), nitric acid $(HNO_3)$ and de-ionized water (DIW). Some wafers were also acid polished for the comparative study. Comparison of average reflectance of the samples treated with the new recipe of acidic solution showed average diffuse reflectance less than even 5 percent in the optimized condition. Solar cells were thus fabricated with the samples following the main steps such as phosphorus doping for emitter layer formation, silicon nitride deposition for anti-reflection coating by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and front surface passivation, screen printing metallization, co-firing in rapid thermal processing (RTP) Furnace and laser edge isolation and confirmed >14 % conversion efficiency from the best textured samples. This isotropic texturing approach can be instrumental to achieve high efficiency in mass production using relatively low cost silicon wafers as starting material.

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온도조절 화학기상증착법을 활용한 대용량 허니컴 구조촉매 제조 연구 (Study on the Simple Preparation Method of Honeycomb-structured Catalysts by Temperature-regulated Chemical Vapor Deposition)

  • 서민혜;김숭연;김영독;엄성현
    • 공업화학
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    • 제29권1호
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    • pp.18-21
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    • 2018
  • 본 연구에서는 대용량 구조 촉매의 제조 및 활용 가능성을 확인하고자 셀 밀도가 높은 세라믹 허니컴 구조체와 온도조절 화학기상증착법을 활용하여 촉매를 제조하고 건식 개질 반응에 대한 촉매 활성을 평가하였다. 셀 밀도 600 cpsi 코디어라이트 허니컴(CDR)을 대상으로 니켈을 코팅한 NiO/CDR 촉매는 코팅 조건과 시간을 조절함으로써 허니컴 구조체 셀 내부까지 충분한 균일 증착이 가능하였다, $800^{\circ}C$, 공간속도 $10,000h^{-1}$$CH_4$$CO_2$를 1 : 1로 주입한 조건에서 $CH_4$는 약 83%, $CO_2$는 약 90% 이상의 우수한 전환율을 보여 건식 개질 반응에 효과적으로 적용이 가능하다는 것을 확인하였다. 이 결과를 토대로 대면적, 대용량 촉매 제조 시 온도조절 화학기상증착법이 매우 유용하게 활용될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

$P^+N, P^+NN^+$ 접합형 실리콘 태양전지의 제작 및 특성 (Fabrication and Characteristics of $P^+N$ and $P^+NN^+$ Junction Silicon Solar Cell)

  • 이대우;이종덕;김기원
    • 대한전자공학회논문지
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.22-26
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    • 1983
  • 열확산(thermal diffusion)법을 이용하여 면적이 3.36㎠인 P+N 전지와 P+NN+ 전지를 제작하였다. 100mW/㎠의 인공 조명에서 측정한 결과 940℃에서 15분 보론확산(boron Predeposition)을 하고, 800℃에서 20분 열처리(annealing)하여 제작한 P+N전지는 전면적(수광면적) 변환 효율이 13.4%(14.7%)이었다. 뒷면을 1050℃에서 인(Phosphorus)을 확산한 후, 앞면을 940℃에서 15분 보론 확산하고, 800℃에서 50분 열처리하여 만든 P+NN+전지의 전면적(수광면적) 변환 효율은 14.3%(15.6%)이었다. 뒷면의 인 확산으로 게더링(gettering) 작용과 BSF 효과에 의해서 P+NN+ 전지가 P+N전지보다 캐리어 수명이 약 2∼3배 증가되었다. 그리고 효율 개선을 위해 AR로팅, Ag전기도금, 미세한 그리드 패턴, 앞면 불순물 주입량 조절 등을 행하였다.

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Pulse 전위를 적용한 전기화학적 증착 공정으로 제조된 가시광 활성 이종접합 $CuInS_2-TiO_2$ Nanotube 화합물 광전극 (Visible Light-Driven $CuInS_2-TiO_2$ Nanotube Composite Photoelectrodes with Heterojunction Structureusing Pulsed-Electrochemical Deposition Process)

  • 윤정호;;박영구
    • 한국응용과학기술학회지
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    • 제30권1호
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    • pp.49-56
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    • 2013
  • Excellent electron transport properties with enhanced light scattering ability for light harvesting have made well-ordered one dimensional $TiO_2$ nanotube(TNT) arrays an alternative candidate over $TiO_2$ nanoparticles in the area of solar energy conversion applications. The principal drawback of TNT arrays being activated only by UV light has been addressed by coupling the TNT with secondary materials which are visible light-triggered. As well as extending the absorption region of sunlight, the introduction of these foreign components is also found to influence the charge separation and electron lifetime of TNT. In this study, a novel method to fabricate the TNT-based composite photoelectrodes employing visible responsive $CuInS_2$ (CIS) nanoparticles is presented. The developed method is a square wave pulse-assisted electrochemical deposition approach to wrap the inner and outer walls of a TNT array with CIS nanoparticles. Instead of coating as a dense compact layer of CIS by a conventional non-pulsed-electrochemical deposition method, the nanoparticles pack relatively loosely to form a rough surface which increases the surface area of the composite and results in a higher degree of light scattering within the tubular channels and hence a greater chance of absorption. The excellence coverage of CIS on the tubular $TiO_2$ allows the construction of an effective heterojunction that exhibits enhanced photoelectrochemical performance.

Importance of Green Density of Nanoparticle Precursor Film in Microstructural Development and Photovoltaic Properties of CuInSe2 Thin Films

  • Hwang, Yoonjung;Lim, Ye Seul;Lee, Byung-Seok;Park, Young-Il;Lee, Doh-Kwon
    • 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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    • pp.471.2-471.2
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    • 2014
  • We demonstrate here that an improvement in precursor film density (green density) leads to a great enhancement in the photovoltaic performance of CuInSe2 (CISe) thin film solar cells fabricated with Cu-In nanoparticle precursor films via chemical solution deposition. A cold-isostatic pressing (CIP) technique was applied to uniformly compress the precursor film over the entire surface (measuring 3~4 cm2) and was found to increase its relative density (particle packing density) by ca. 20%, which resulted in an appreciable improvement in the microstructural features of the sintered CISe film in terms of lower porosity, reduced grain boundaries, and a more uniform surface morphology. The low-bandgap (Eg=1.0 eV) CISe PV devices with the CIP-treated film exhibited greatly enhanced open-circuit voltage (VOC, from 0.265 V to 0.413 V) and fill factor (FF, from 0.34 to 0.55), as compared to the control devices. As a consequence, an almost 3-fold increase in the average power conversion efficiency, 3.0 to 8.2% (with the highest value of 9.02%), was realized without an anti-reflection coating. A diode analysis revealed that the enhanced VOC and FF were essentially attributed to the reduced reverse saturation current density (j0) and diode ideality factor (n). This is associated with the suppressed recombination, likely due to the reduction in recombination sites such as grain/air surfaces (pores), inter-granular interfaces, and defective CISe/CdS junctions in the CIP-treated device. From the temperature dependences of VOC, it was confirmed that the CIP-treated devices suffer less from interface recombination.

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아민고정화 MCM-41 염기촉매를 이용한 Knoevenagel 축합반응 (Knoevenagel Condensation Reaction Using Amine-functionalized MCM-41 Base Catalysts)

  • 최정식;안화승
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • 제44권4호
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    • pp.417-423
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    • 2006
  • 실리카계 메조 물질 MCM-41 지지체 위에 여러 방법으로 aminopropyltrimethoxysilane(APMS)을 표면 기능화 시킨 염기촉매를 제조하였고 표준 염기반응인 Knoevenagel 축합반응을 수행하여 촉매적 활성을 측정하였다. Methyltrimethoxysilane으로 추가 표면처리하거나, APMS를 염소함유 유기실란과 축합하여 2차 아민 형성 후 고정화시킨 MCM-41 촉매(BAPM)를 제조한 결과, MCM-41 표면의 잔류 OH를 제거하고 물과의 수소결합으로 아민 활성점의 기능이 약화되는 것을 억제하여 높은 TON을 얻을 수 있었다. 코팅에 의해 표면에 많은 양의 아민이 고정화된 MCM-41은, 세공 내부의 반응 공간이 줄어들고, 인접한 아민 간의 수소결합으로 인하여 낮은 염기도가 예상되며 촉매 활성도 상대적으로 낮았다. 제조한 촉매 중에는 BAPM이 촉매 활성이 가장 우수하였다.

Cr+6 free 화성피막 용액의 분산성에 미치는 첨가 원소의 영향 (The effect on dispersibility of additive elements in Cr+6 free chemical conversion coating solution)

  • 박정환;김태원;조대형;김정수;한수민;정대희;전규성
    • 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국표면공학회 2017년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.104-104
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    • 2017
  • 유럽의 폐차 처리 지침, RoHs 및 국내 친환경 소재 부품의 개발이 날로 가속화 되면서 종래 사용해 오던 인산염 피막 등 중금속이 함유된 코팅 재료는 점차 친환경 코팅 용액으로 전환이 되었다. 최근 자동차 산업 등에서 종래 중금속인 $Cr^{+6}$을 함유하지 않는 다양한 코팅 용액이 상용화 되고 있다. 그 중 가장 효율적으로 적용되고 있는 용액이 아연 flake를 첨가하여 희생 양극효과를 가능하게 하여 내식용 코팅 용액으로 상용화 하고 있다. 이 용액에는 내식성을 확보하기 위하여 희생양극이 가능한 소재 인 아연 분말을 첨가하며, 이 분말의 분산성이 소재와 코팅 층의 밀착성, 내식성에 결정적인 영향을 미친다. 특히 산업 현장에서는 아연 분말의 효율적인 분산을 위하여 24시간 이상 교반해야하기 때문에 생산성을 감소시키는 결정적인 요인으로 작용을 한다. 아연 분말의 분산은 용액 내에 첨가하는 각종 첨가제의 종류와 첨가량에 따라 현저하게 분산성이 다르기 때문에 첨가 원소에 대한 연구가 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 서로 다른 이종 합금을 첨가하여 각종 첨가제의 종류 및 첨가량이 분산에 미치는 영향을 조사하였고, 첨가량이 코팅 층의 밀착성 및 내식성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 연구하였다. 분산제 첨가량이 낮을 경우 용액은 두껍게 코팅이 되며 분산 거리가 짧아졌다. 이 경우 코팅 층의 박리가 쉽게 발생하며, 코팅 층이 불균일하였다. 1.7% 첨가량에서 최적분산효과를 얻을 수 있었으며, 1,000시간 이상의 내식성을 확보할 수 있었다. 분산성과 동시에 유동성 확보가 중요하며, 유동성 확보를 위하여 점증제의 첨가량에 대한 변화를 주었다. 최적의 첨가량은 1.5% 이상으로 이 경우 부식 발생시간을 억제할 수 있었다.

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인공태양을 이용한 모노리스 적용 반응기에서 2단계 열화학적 물분해 연구 (2-Step Thermochemical Water Splitting on a Active Material Washcoated Monolith Using a Solar Simulator as Heat Source)

  • 강경수;김창희;박주식
    • 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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    • 제18권2호
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    • pp.109-115
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    • 2007
  • Solar energy conversion to hydrogen was carried out via a two-step thermochemical water splitting using metal oxide redox pair. To simulate the solar radiation, a 7 kW short arc Xe-lamp was used. Partially reduced iron oxide and cerium oxide have the water splitting ability, respectively. So, $Fe_3O_4$ supported on $CeO_2$ was selected as the active material. $Fe_3O_4/CeO_2$(20 wt/80 wt%) was prepared by impregnation method, then the active material was washcoated on the ceramic honeycomb monolith made of mullite and cordierite. Oxygen was released at the reduction step($1673{\sim}1823\;K$) and hydrogen was produced from water at lower temperature($873{\sim}1273\;K$). The result demonstrate the possibility of the 2-step thermochemical water splitting hydrogen production by the active material washcoated monolith. And hydrogen and oxygen was produced separately without any separation process in a monolith installed reactor. But the SEM and EDX analysis results revealed that the support used in this experiment is not suitable due to the thermal instability and coating material migration.

B2O3-Bi2O3-ZnO계 유리를 이용한 백색 LED용 색변환 렌즈의 광 특성 (Optical Properties of Color Conversion Lens for White LED Using B2O3-Bi2O3-ZnO Glass)

  • 채유진;이미재;김진호;황종희;임태영;정희석;이영식;김득중
    • 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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    • 제26권8호
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    • pp.614-619
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    • 2013
  • Recently, remote phosphor is reported for white LED enhancing of phosphor efficiency compared with conventional phosphor-based W-LED. In this study, Remote phosphor was produced by screen printing coating on glass substrate with phosphor contents rated paste and heat treatment. The paste consists of phosphor, lowest softening glass frit and organic binders. Remote phosphor can be well controlled by varying the phosphor content rated paste. After mounting remote phosphor on top of blue LED chip, CCT, CRI, and luminance efficiency were measured. The measurement results showed that CCT, CRI, and luminance efficiency were 6,645, 68, and 1,16l m/W in phosphor 80 wt.% remote phosphor sintered at $600^{\circ}C$.

Investigation of short-term stability in high efficiency polymer : nonfullerene solar cells via quick current-voltage cycling method

  • Lee, Sooyong;Seo, Jooyeok;Kim, Hwajeong;Song, Dong-Ik;Kim, Youngkyoo
    • Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering
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    • 제35권12호
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    • pp.2496-2503
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    • 2018
  • The short-term stability of high efficiency polymer : nonfullerene solar cells was investigated by employing a quick (ten cycles) current density-voltage (J-V) cycling method. Polymer : nonfullerene solar cells with initial power conversion efficiency (PCE) of >10% were fabricated using bulk heterojunction (BHJ) films of poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5b']dithiophene))-alt-(5,5-(1',3'-di-2-thienyl-5,7'-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1',2'-c:4',5'-c']dithiophene-4,8-dione))] (PBDB-T) and 3,9-bis(2-methylene-((3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-6/7-methyl)-indanone))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2',3'-d']-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene (IT-M). One set of the BHJ (PBDB-T : IT-M) films was thermally annealed at $160^{\circ}C$ for 30min, while another set was used without any thermal treatment after spin-coating. The quick J-V scan (cycling) measurement disclosed that the PCE decay was relatively slower for the annealed BHJ layers than the unannealed (as-cast) BHJ layers. As a result, after ten cycles, the annealed BHJ layers delivered higher PCE than the unannealed BHJ layers due to higher and more stable trend in fill factor. The present quick J-V cycling method is simple but expected to be useful for the prediction of short-term stability in organic solar cells.