• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.223-238
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• 2010

This article analyzes and discusses M.M. Bakhtin's dialogics with the perspectives of what it emphasizes and how it makes the Russian Formalism and the Marxist literary theory together in his dialogics. This article considers conversion in the literary texts the central idea of dialogics, and it takes place through satire and parody. As Bakhtin stresses in his works, this article also examines the novel as the dominant genre in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Such satire and parody shows the ambivalence of the Russian Formalism and the Marxist literary theory. Bakhtin states that novel per se is very conversing. It has turned over the position that has been occupied by epics (poetry) and play for thousands years, and taken it over in the nineteenth century. Thus, novel is a literary genre in which a variety of conversing struggles occur throughout the texts, which makes it different from epics and play. Throughout such analyses and discussions, this paper considers Bakhtin's dialogics a complex of semantic, pragmatic, and semiotic elements.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.45
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• pp.179-199
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• 1999

Indeterminancy is one of the thought systems which explains all things with not 'either-or' but 'both-and' the conditions and qualities of human identities and inner state. A view of the world of Dionisos of Nietzsche's and the character of Manneristic trend which has resolved the sense of alienation of men by paradoxic expression has succeeded to romanticism surrealism and postmodernism. 1. Cross-dressing has increased under contemporary conditions. There also have been various cross-dressing phenomena in the past but it appears strongly now that it would destroy the cultural stereotypes and give rise to the cultural insecurities in contemporary conditions. 2. The indeterminancy of status that is wealth versus poverty impacts on variations of contemporary dress. This has been represented by neglecting traditional code which is related to wealth in costume by conversion of the symbols of wealth and poverty as disguise with moderation simplicity and additionally poverty image instead of ostentation. 3. In the cultural aspect that is mother culture/ subculture the author has investigated black street fashion which has newly become visible. The black street fashion is wide spread in black popular music such as jazz Rhythm & Blues Reggae and Rap which is subculture against white. The external values of indeterminancy in fashion are n대-manneristic tendencies as deformation eclectic friction and irrational structure and graffiti method. The inner values by indeterminant expression in fashion are irony and paradox grotesque satire and amusement.